question

symptoms of a folate deficiency include

answer

decreased red blood cell synthesis

question

the category of vitamins that need to be replaced daily are the ____-soluble vitamins

answer

water

question

the vitamin E content of a food may be affected by

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exposure to oxygen, exposure to sunlight, deep fat frying

question

T/F vitamins are considered non-essential nutrients because we need them in small amounts

answer

false

question

vitamin B-12 is found in ____ foods only

answer

animal

question

identify three food sources of thiamin

answer

enriched flour, pork, whole grains

question

the point at which toxic levels of vitamin A may develop is called the

answer

Tolerable Upper Intake Level

question

grain products are ____ with B vitamins and the mineral iron to lessen the risk of deficiency

answer

enriched

question

older adults are at greater risk for pernicious anemia due to

answer

lowered production of stomach acid and reduced output of intrinsic factor

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antioxidants help reduce the risk of cancer by

answer

reducing cell damage from free radicals

question

the amount of a nutrient that is absorbed and available to the body is called the

answer

bioavailability

question

which of the following are functions of vitamin C

answer

wound healing and formation of collage

question

smokers need more vitamin C daily than non-smokers because of the

answer

greater stress placed on the lungs due to oxidative damage

question

thiamin is a key component required to release energy from

answer

carbohydrates

question

which of the following are good sources of vitamin C

answer

citrus fruits, strawberries, potatoes

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animals, unlike humans, do NOT need a daily source of vitamin C because they

answer

are able to synthesize the vitamin

question

all grain products must be fortified with ____, a B-vitamin

answer

folate

question

health risks for low levels of vitamin D include an increase in

answer

autoimmune disorders and cancer risk

question

a severe vitamin A deficiency can lead to xeropthalmia, which results in

answer

blindness

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____ ____ is an early sign of vitamin A deficiency

answer

night blindness

question

foods that are good sources of vitamin E include

answer

nuts, plant oils, and whole grains

question

a person with dark skin would need a ____ exposure time to sunlight to synthesize vitamin D

answer

longer

question

the ____-soluble vitamins are more readily stored in the body than ____-soluble vitamins

answer

fat;water

question

water-soluble vitamins are not usually stored because they are

answer

filtered and excreted by the kidneys

question

food sources of riboflavin include

answer

milk, eggs, and enriched grains

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fish and fish oils and liver are natural sources of

answer

preformed vitamin A

question

the components in vitamins thought to be responsible for reducing the risk of cancer by destroying free radicals are

answer

antioxidants

question

risk factors associated with osteomalacia

answer

kidney disease and poor intestinal absorption

question

the vitamin content of fresh fruits and vegetables

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can be lost through improper handling

question

dietary sources of niacin include

answer

poultry, beef, and fish

question

the highest folate content may be obtained from eating

answer

fresh fruits and vegetables

question

pellagra, the deficiency disease for niacin, is characterized by

answer

dementia, diarrhea, and dermatitis (4 D's, ..death)

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enhances iron absorption

answer

vitamin C

question

infants are given an injection of vitamin K at birth because

answer

their intestines lack enough bacteria to produce vitamin K

question

the deficiency disease associated with inadequate intake of vitamin D is

answer

rickets

question

vitamin C may reduce cancer risk due to its ____ properties

answer

antioxidant

question

how might a person who consumes a diet adequate in fat still develop a fat-soluble vitamin deficiency

answer

inefficient fat digestion and absorption

question

examples of processes that can cause a loss of certain vitamins

answer

improper storage, heating or cooking, and exposure to light

question

what substance produced by the digestive system is necessary in order to absorb vitamin B-12

answer

intrinsic factor

question

consuming large amounts of fat-soluble vitamins is a problem because they

answer

are stored in the body

question

the fact that fat-soluble vitamins are stored in fat calls ____ our risk of toxicity if megadoses are consumed

answer

increases

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____, a B vitamin, is important in DNA synthesis

answer

folate

question

megadoses of vitamin C

answer

are excreted from the body

question

high intakes of nicotinic acid can lead to

answer

itching, facial flushing, and headahce

question

identify the fat-soluble vitamin most likely to be deficient

answer

vitamin D

question

identify the sources of vitamin K

answer

canola oil, green leafy, vegetables, and broccoli

question

Mary tells you that she is taking 1 g of vitamin C daily to prevent a cold. what would you tell Mary

answer

she is wasting her money; excess vitamin C is excreted from the body

question

the deficiency disease for vitamin C is called

answer

scurvy

question

which of the following foods is the best source of niacin

answer

tuna, 3 oz

question

older people are at risk of folate deficiency because they

answer

have decreased absorption and tend to have inadequate consumption

question

the red blood cells of a folate-deficient person differ from a healthy person by

answer

becoming very large and unable to divide due to the lack of DNA

question

to meet the daily requirements for folate, a person might include which foods in their diet

answer

enriched cereals and green leafy vegetables

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