question

Which of these is not a function of the respiratory system?

answer

transport RBCs (red blood cells) to the tissues

question

Which of these structures is located outside the upper respiratory system?

answer

larynx

question

Particulate matter in the inhaled air is trapped by the __________.

answer

epithelial mucus

question

Air leaving the respiratory system from the nasal cavity passes last through the __________.

answer

external nares

question

As air moves from the nasal cavity to the glottis it passes through the pharynx in this order, __________.

answer

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

question

The "Adam's apple" is part of the __________.

answer

the thyroid cartilage

question

The posterior tracheal wall contacts the __________.

answer

esophagus

question

If the production of surfactant by type II alveolar cells (septal cells) is inadequate, which of these changes is expected? a. increased inspiratory effort b. alveolar collapse c. respiratory distress syndrome d. All of these changes can be expected if the production of surfactant is inadequate.

answer

d. All of these changes can be expected if the production of surfactant is inadequate.

question

The correct arrangement of gas exchange structures from largest to smallest is __________.

answer

respiratory bronchiole; alveolar duct; alveolar sac; alveolus

question

Features visible on the surface of the lung include all of these except __________.

answer

parietal pleura

question

The nasal cavity:

answer

is part of the upper respiratory system.

question

Which type of epithelium lines the inferior portions of the pharynx?

answer

stratified squamous epithelium

question

Which upper respiratory structure includes the portion of the pharynx between the hyoid bone and the entrance to the larynx and esophagus?

answer

laryngopharynx

question

The nasal cavity opens into the nasopharynx through which structure?

answer

internal nares

question

Which of the following is a cartilaginous structure that surrounds and protects the glottis?

answer

larynx

question

Which structure(s) function(s) in the opening and closing of the glottis and the production of sound?

answer

corniculate and arytenoid cartilages

question

Each terminal bronchiole supplies which singular structure?

answer

pulmonary lobule

question

Choose the correct statement regarding the trachea or bronchi.

answer

The right primary bronchus is larger in diameter than the left primary bronchus.

question

Which structure is located most superior at the hilum of the left lung?

answer

pulmonary artery

question

During inhalation,

answer

the diaphragm and rib muscles contract.

question

From which structures do oxygen molecules move from the lungs to the blood?

answer

Alveoli

question

Which statement is correct?

answer

In the blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells.

question

After blood becomes oxygenated,

answer

it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells.

question

Hemoglobin

answer

is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen

question

During inhalation:

answer

pressure inside the lungs is less than pressure outside the body

question

Internal respiration:

answer

is the absorption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide by tissue cells

question

Regarding Boyle's law, which condition, for a gas in a closed container and at a constant temperature, is correct?

answer

If the volume of the gas is decreased, its pressure will increase.

question

Which of the following pulmonary characteristics is calculated by adding the vital capacity and the residual volume?

answer

total lung capacity

question

The vital capacity is:

answer

the maximum amount of air that one can move into or out of the lungs in a single respiratory cycle

question

During a single quiet respiratory cycle, inhaling more vigorously and exhaling more completely can increase which of the following?

answer

tidal volume

question

External respiration includes all of these processes except __________.

answer

release of carbon dioxide by tissue cells

question

All these muscles participate in inspiration except __________.

answer

internal intercostals

question

Which of these does not contribute to vital capacity?

answer

residual volume

question

The difference in partial pressure of carbon dioxide between venous and arterial blood is about __________.

answer

5 mmHg

question

Which of these changes will decrease the effectiveness of gas exchange across the respiratory membrane?

answer

increased thickness of the respiratory membrane

question

Which of these contributes to effective gas exchange?

answer

All of these properties contribute to effective gas exchange.

question

If the hemoglobin molecules in a blood sample each had a single oxygen molecule bound to it on average, the saturation is __________.

answer

25%

question

As blood flows through a capillary, the pH drops as carbon dioxide enters; this, in turn, leads the hemoglobin to release some of its oxygen. Are these two statements true or false?

answer

Both statements are true.

question

Most oxygen is transported in the blood stream while it is __________.

answer

bound to hemoglobin

question

The basic pattern of breathing is established by the __________ located in the __________.

answer

dorsal respiratory group; medulla oblongata

question

Which class of sensory receptor can modify respiratory reflexes?

answer

All of these sensory receptors can modify respiratory reflexes.

question

The respiratory centers are located in __________.

answer

both the medulla oblongata and the pons

question

As a percentage of a young adult's capacity, smokers lose 25% of their respiratory capacity by age 48; non-smokers don't reach that level of loss until about age 75. Are these two statements true or false?

answer

Both statements are true.

question

The respiratory system has very extensive connections with the __________ system.

answer

cardiovascular

question

In order for the respiratory system to maintain homeostatic tissue levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide, it must coordinate constantly with the __________ system.

answer

cardiovascular

question

Respiratory minute volume, VE:

answer

is calculated by multiplying the respiratory rate, f, by the tidal volume, VT.

question

Which is true regarding the Bohr effect on the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve?

answer

If the pH decreases, hemoglobin releases more oxygen.

question

Which characteristic is correct regarding an oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve?

answer

Where the slope is steep, a very small change in plasma PO2 will result in a large change in the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin or released from oxyhemoglobin.

question

Most of the carbon dioxide that is absorbed by blood:

answer

is converted to carbonic acid.

question

Emphysema:

answer

occurs due to the destruction of alveolar surfaces and inadequate surface area for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.

question

Which is true regarding the compliance of the lungs?

answer

The lower the compliance, the less easily air flows along the conducting passages.

question

Which is a structural or functional characteristic of the inflation reflex?

answer

It inhibits respiratory muscles via the respiratory rhythmicity centers

question

Which statement regarding lung cancer is correct?

answer

Since 1992, the incidence of lung cancer among women has been increasing.

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