PSYC 363 Ch 5 – Flashcards
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The uterus is the female's most important producer of female sex hormones
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False
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Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is recognized by the American Psychiatric Association as a psychological disorder
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True
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What layer of the uterus is partially shed during menstruation
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Endometrium
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What is a quadruped
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Any animal that walks on four legs
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If Freud is correct, sexual urges are LEAST important while a child is in which stage
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Latency
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What is another name for the introitus
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Vaginal opening
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A woman has become pregnant. Which hormone has contributed most directly to pregnancy
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Progesterone
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Early sexual researchers form the 19th century concentrated on the healthy and positive aspects of sexuality
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False
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Which statement is TRUE about menstrual manipulation
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It is done with pills which suppress the growth of the uterine lining.
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According to the free love movement that began in the 80s, what should the prerequisite for sexual relations be
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Love
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The labia minora joins at the clitoris to form the prepuce
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True
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What is a potential benefit of online communication
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Physical characteristics are less important
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Iran has one of the highest rates of sexual reassignment surgery in the world
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True
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What is the area of tissue between the vagina and the anus called
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Perineum
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In cultures that practice female circumcision, the procedure typically occurs at birth
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False
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When we want to project an image with our message, which of the three goals of communication are we focusing on
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Identity management
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What category/style of communication skills do people tend to prefer when they want to discuss strategies or learn more about a topic
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Instrumentally-oriented
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According to the 19th century medical mode, homosexuality is a sin
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False
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Couples who report disagreements in the relationship tend to experience higher levels of satisfaction than couples who report that they do not fight at all
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True
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What best describes how semen was viewed in early Chinese civilization
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Sacred and precious
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Research finds that couples who communicate with each other about sexuality issues are
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More likely to report higher levels of relationship satisfaction.
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According to Martin Luther, how did Protestantism differ form the teachings of the Catholic Church
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Protestantism allowed divorce
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If a woman has a hymen that is not intact, what can we safely assume
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None of these: she is not a virgin, she has used tampons, she has engaged in vigorous exercise that has ruptured the hymen
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What layer of the uterus contracts to expel menstrual fluid and push the fetus out of the womb during labor
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Myometrium
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The Kama Sutra contains guidance to couples about the dangers of having passion within sexual relations
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False
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Which are men more likely to do than women in conversation
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None of these: use disclaimers, use tag questions, use hedge words
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If gender-specific behavior is largely determined by biology, what is the behavior most accurately called
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A gender trait
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Sara is experiencing vaginal burning and rawness along with a sometimes stabbing pain in the vaginal area. Although her gynecologist has been unable to identify a specific cause, what is most likely the diagnosis
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Vulvodynia
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A research process is a set of assumptions, principles and methods that help a researcher understand the nature of the phenomenon being studied
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False
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What was the 19th century cure for hysteria
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The vibrator
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In the famous Brenda/Bruce story, it was shown how a transgendered person could find psychological well-being through sex reassignment surgery
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False
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What statement best describes Sheila Rothman's belief about the context of womanhood
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What it means to be a woman has shifted from one time period to the next
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According to the communication researcher, Deborah Tannen, women tend to use more _______ talk while men use more _______ talk
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Rapport; report
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Temple prostitutes were women who would have sex with worshipers to provide money for the temple
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True
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What is a characteristic of a good lover
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He or she is direct in telling her partner what he or she needs for sexual satisfaction
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What factor(s) contribute to communication problems for couples
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All of these: health problems, inability to self-disclose, economic stressors
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In the 500s, King Henry VIII of England divorced Catherine of Aragon because she gave birth to a daughter and not a son
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Henry VIII's reasoning was Inaccurate: sperm cells carry the Y chromosome
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What describes the ritual act of sati among Indian women
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The tradition of widows throwing themselves on their husband's burning funeral pyre
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Amenorrhea is a condition in which a female experiences excessive flow during menstruation
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False
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What was one result of the Social Hygiene Movement
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Laws were passed mandating blood tests before marriage
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Which type of cancer of the female reproductive system is most likely to lead to death
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Ovarian
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In the US, there is a particularly high value on
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Physical attractiveness
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What are the four main areas of PMDD symptoms
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Mood, behavioral, somatic, cognitive
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Most hormonal secretions are regulated by the brain
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True
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How did the Planned Parenthood organization first begin
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As a birth control clinic in New York
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Conservative politicians have repeatedly been successful in eliminating funding for sexuality research
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True
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According to the Onion Theory of communication people have the tendency to reveal information about themselves form the inside out
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False
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According to Epstein, what aspect of human behavior perpetuates gender inequalities
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Dichotomous thinking
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During the Renaissance, society turned from a focus on human beings to a focus on God
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False
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What was the name for a man who had his testicles and/or penis removed to prevent him from engaging in sexual activity
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Eunuch
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Related to sexuality in dating relationships, couples who wait to have sex in a relationship
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Experience better relationship outcomes
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Joe and Sharon have been married for 5 years, which of the last 5 they have chosen to no longer engage in sexual behaviors. What kind of marriage is this
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Asexual marriage
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Which group of teens was found to have lower GPAs, care less about school and experience more school problems
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Teens engaging in casual sex
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What are same-sex couples more likely to report in their relationships than other-sex couples
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Equal sharing of household responsibilities
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What is one of the most reliable predictors of whom a person will date
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Proximity
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All of the following are true EXCEPT
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Girls most often learn about masturbation from other girls
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Research has found that age and relationship length are both positively related to intimacy and commitment
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True
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What is found to detect more than 50% of cases of prostate cancer in its early stages
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Rectal exam
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All of the following statements describe the epididymis EXCEPT
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It is where sperm can be stored for several months
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All of the following statements regarding arranged marriages are true EXCEPT
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Arranging marriages in the US is illegal
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What is true of teenage pregnancy rates
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Rates of pregnancy, birth and abortion since 1990 have dropped among African-American teens
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According to your text, what can the strong history of protection of heterosexual marriage in the US be tied to
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Procreative health
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All are true about teens and contraceptive use EXCEPT
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Teens in long term relationships are less likely to use contraception methods
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People use their body language to reveal their level of attraction when meeting someone for the first time
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True
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Which stage of attachment is most likely used to describe babies who have caregivers who are uncomfortable with affection and force separation at an early age
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Avoidant
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According to research, what is the reason why the majority of extramarital affairs occur
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Unmet emotional needs
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A man is experiencing a bump in his scrotum. This happened while he was lifting heavy boxes. What condition is he most likely to have
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Inguinal hernia
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The best approach for parents whose five-year-old child walks in on them while they are having sexual intercourse is to
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All of these: explain to the child that he or she should not imitate their behaviors, teach the child to knock before entering the bedroom in the future, have an honest discussion about love and intercourse
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What is a term that identifies the group of people a person may be attracted to
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Field of eligibles
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The urethra carries urine outside of the body and the corpus cavernosum carries sperm outside of the body
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False
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Between 1990 and 2008, birth increased in which group
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Older women
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According to an evolutionary scientist, what characteristic of the penis would serve an important function related to sperm competition
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Coronal ridge
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What are some possible explanations for the lower reports of sexual activity among lesbian women
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All of these: woman are less likely to initiate sex, women tend to have a lower sex drive, sexual occurrences last longer resulting in fewer overall
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How many sperm per milliliter on average does each ejaculation contain
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50 - 150 million per milliliter
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Current research available on cohabitation makes it difficult to determine if couples who live together and later divorce would have been just as likely to divorce had they not lived together
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True
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Compared to a generation ago, those who got married in the early 21st century are more likely to be
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Older and about as happy with their marriages
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The American term for "dating" seems to be a universal concept used cross-culturally
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False
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What is 60-70% of semen made up of
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Fluid form the seminal vesicles
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Which of the following area(s) has been studied related to sperm production
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All of these: cell phone use, alcohol use, bicycling
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Ovulation typically produces just one egg per cycle. Why does ejaculate contain more than just one sperm
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Sperm work together to achieve fertilization through combined enzyme production
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Which of the following aspects of love does a person's culture impact
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All of these: how easily he or she falls in love, who he or she falls in love with, how the relationship proceeds
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What method did psychologist, John Alan Lee, use to identify the six different ways to love which he called "colors" of love
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He collected statements about love from works of fiction and nonfiction including both ancient and modern authors.
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The finding that gay men are more likely than heterosexual men to believe that "you should share your most intimate thoughts and feelings with the person you love" can possibly be explained by which statement
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Gay men tend to adopt fewer stereotyped beliefs about gender roles
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Annual prostate exams are recommended for men beginning at 60 years of age
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False
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Related to research on sex within marriages, what has been found
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Reports of more frequent sexual behavior is correlated to higher levels of relationship satisfaction
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What is one of the reasons given in your text for why current research on cohabitating couples may be skewed
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We lack adequate relationship labels to define different "forms" of living together
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Which of the following have been found to impact sperm production
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All of these: soaking in a warm tub, wearing tight fitting underwear, using a laptop computer rested on the legs
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What is the primary reason that the testicles are located outside of the body
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Sperm need to be kept cooler to survive
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Which of the following countries tends to have the lowest degree of conflict in intimate relationships
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France
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Riley has been asking questions such as "why do some girls have larger breasts than others
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" and "do boys have a period too?" How old is Riley likely to be? 9 or 12
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What is the term used to describe the set of behaviors developed in adolescence that we use to forge close relationships throughout our lives
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Intimacy repertoire
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The majority of women and men report that penis size is a significant factor in the quality of a sex partner
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False
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Which statement regarding male circumcision is TRUE
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Circumcision is mainly practiced for religious and cultural reasons
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By what age is a child's attachment style typically established
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2 years
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What characteristics do countries that have lower rates of teen pregnancy, abortion, and childbearing have in common
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They have more liberal attitudes towards sexuality
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Wayne is 50 years old and has recently developed a painful curvature of his penis, making penetration impossible. What would his diagnosis be
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Peyronie's disease
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What types of sexuality education programs were found to delay sexual behavior and reduce frequency of sexual behaviors and unprotected sex
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Comprehensive education that includes abstinence and contraceptive information
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What structure releases gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), signaling the physiological start of puberty in boys
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The hypothalamus
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Sperm requires temperatures cooler than the body's temperature for viability
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True
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Heterosexual men and women systematically underestimate the attractiveness of members of their own sex
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False
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Similar to a condom, what can also be used to cover the vulva or anus during oral sex to prevent the transmission of STIs
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Dental dam
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What can be concluded about reparative therapy
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Reparative therapy may do more harm than good
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As of 2011, Facebook relationship status options included "in a civil union" and "in a domestic partnership."
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True
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What position for sexual intercourse is suggested as the most effective for procreation
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Male-on-top
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High levels of religiosity are correlated with low levels of
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Premarital sex
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Low family acceptance during the coming out process is related to the increased risk of
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All of these: suicide, use of illegal drugs, unprotected sexual activity
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What position for sexual intercourse do sex therapists often recommend for couples experiencing difficulties with early ejaculation or lack of female orgasm
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Female-on-top
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What is special about the adrenal glands of the baby during birth
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They are abnormally large, allowing for increased heart rate during the birthing process
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What is the period of time after orgasm during which a man cannot be re-stimulated to orgasm called
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Refractory stage
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Which of the following sexual fantasies are reportedly more common among men than women
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Having an aggressive partner
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From the second through eighth weeks of pregnancy, what is the medical term for the developing human
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Embryo
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What happens during the first stage of labor
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Placenta expulsion
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During what phase of the sexual response cycle is a man most likely to have a loss of erection due to distractions
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Excitement
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What state struck down its laws against same-sex adoption in 2010
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Florida
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What change occurs in a woman's breasts during sexual arousal
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Nipples may become erect
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If a couple is experiencing a discrepancy in desire, meaning that one partner desires more sex more frequently than the other, who would be more likely to be identified as having a sexual problem
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The partner with the lower level of sexual desire
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A mother breastfeeds her infant exclusively through the first 6 months and then continues breastfeeding until the child is. Whose recommendation is she following
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World Health Organization
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What is the term for the practice of engaging in same-sex sexual behaviors while excluded from heterosexual encounters (such as in prison) with the plan to return to heterosexual relationships
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Situational homosexuality
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Which of the following describes hate crimes
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All of these: hate crimes include crimes motivated by hatred of religion, sex, race and sexual orientation; according to the APA, hate crimes against homosexuals are the most socially acceptable crimes; hate crimes are known as "message crimes."
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The purpose of the placenta is to separate the mother's blood supply from that of the developing fetus
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True; the placenta prevents the mother's immune system form attacking the baby
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Exercise is not advised during pregnancy
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False
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What has been found related to cross cultural factors and abortion statistics
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Countries that have more liberal abortion laws have lower rates of abortion
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What is a criticism of how the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) classifies sexual dysfunctions
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It is heterosexist
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If one's partner is free of sexually transmitted infections, it is safe to swallow the male ejaculate
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True
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Extended cycle birth control pills are designed to reduce what
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The number of menstrual cycles experienced in a given year
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What is the method called when the penis is gently stretched and medication to increase blood flow is introduced to the penis
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Intracavernous injections
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All of the following are true related to erectile dysfunction and pharmacological treatments EXCEPT
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Erectile dysfunction drugs work by causing an erection without needing any additional sexual stimulation
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By day 8 the embryo
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Has gills and a tail
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Which theory would contend that homosexuality is the result of various reinforcements and punishments
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Behavioral
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Douching immediately after having vaginal intercourse while not a fail-safe method, has been found to reduce the risk of pregnancy
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False
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Which of the following can affect the sexual response cycle in women
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All of these: the amount of time spent in each response phase, previous childbearing, menstrual cycle
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What percent of all diagnosed pregnancies end in miscarriage
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15 - 20%
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Which vitamin supplement are pregnant women often advised to take
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All of these: folic acid, B6, iron
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Using cryopreservation techniques, people can choose to collect, freeze and store _______ for later pregnancy attempts
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All of these: sperm, ovum, embryos
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What is the name for an increase in blood flow to the genitals during the first phase of the sexual response cycle
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Vasocongestion
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Masturbation is unique to humans
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False
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Which of the following is NOT a process that facilitates conception
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A mucus plug appears in the cervix to trap sperm.
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What statement regarding sex during pregnancy is TRUE
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Some cultures believe semen is essential throughout pregnancy for proper fetal development.
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In the Sambian culture, males practice sequential homosexuality primarily through what sexual activity
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Oral sex
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Genital pain associated with sexual behavior is referred to as dyspareunia
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True
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While masturbation is common for both men and women, what is one of the most common differences related to gender and masturbation
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Frequency of masturbation
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All of the following are true of psychoanalytic theory and sexual orientation EXCEPT
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Males who were abandoned by their mother were more likely to be homosexual
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Ever since giving birth to her second child, Amber is no longer able to orgasm during intercourse. She is able to orgasm during masturbation and she used to be able to orgasm through intercourse. How would her problem most likely be classified
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Secondary and situational
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Rates of victimization from hate crimes are higher for boys than girls
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True
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Which of the following statements regarding spinal cord injuries and sexuality is TRUE
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Prosthesis implantation in men with spinal cord injuries have shown high satisfaction and low complication rates
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What is the estimated rate of abortions for women of reproductive age in the US
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1 out of every 3
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A 40 year old woman could be diagnosed with infertility after having regular unprotected sex and not conceiving after how many months
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6 months
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What describes the male sterilization process
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It involves lower rates of complications than female sterilization
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What statement is most descriptive of condoms
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Condoms have been used since the beginning of recorded history
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According to the video, the fetus's heart starts to beat at _____ days after contraception
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3 days
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What STIs are monitored by federal mandatory reporting laws
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Syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, HIV
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What does the term "autoinoculation" refer to
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Self-infecting a new area of one's body with an existing STI
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If a man has received sexual services from a prostitute, what is the most likely sex act they have engaged in
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Fellatio
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On which basis has the 1986 Attorney General's Commission on Pornography been criticized
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It relied on testimony from experts and laypersons who mostly supported restricting or eliminating sexually graphic materials.
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What percentage of teenage runaways are likely to become involved in the sex world
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85%
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If you want to see competent women on TV, your best bet is to watch
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Soap operas
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Most role playing scenes in the BDSM subculture do not involve actual harm
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True
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What is the most common bacterial STI in the US
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Chlamydia
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What term is used in relation to becoming sexually aroused by non-human objects or non-genital body parts
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Fetish
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What statement describes the majority of rapes on college campuses
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The victim knows the attacker and does not report the attack
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A "typical" female prostitute is
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Under 25, single, prostitutes full-time
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Feminists who align with the anti-censorship movement are concerned that restrictions on pornography will lead to
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Censorship of feminist writings and writings on homosexuality issues
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In a study comparing advertisements from 1964 to 1984, what did the findings reveal
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The percentage of advertisements portraying sexuality did not change from 1964 to 1984, but by 1984 sexual images were more visibly explicit.
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What is the most common group of female sex workers
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Streetwalkers
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An adult has just been found guilty of incest. What can we safely assume
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None of these: the victim was genetically related to the perpetrator, the victim was in the direct care of the perpetrator, the victim was legally related to the perpetrator
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What Constitutional Amendment would someone most likely reference if they were against government attempts to regulate pornography
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First amendment
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Which of the following statements best describes S&M encounters
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They involve planned out behaviors and no one receives lasting harm
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What term refers to male sex workers who provide services to men
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Hustlers
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Men are more likely to be sexually assaulted by someone they know
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True
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What group is at higher risk of contracting hepatitis
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Housemates of someone with hepatitis
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Which of the following may be treated with antibiotics
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Chlamydia
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According to research from the Centers for Disease Control, over 90% of the time a person's body can clear the HPV virus within two years
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True
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During therapy, an exhibitionist is asked to imagine what his/her behavior was like from the perspective of the victim. What type of treatment is this person most likely receiving
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Empathy training
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It is important to notify your sexual partner as soon as positive diagnosis for an STI is made except for cases where the STI is not contagious
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False
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The primary aim of any therapy for paraphilias should be to change behavior
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True
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John Money believed that sexual development can be influenced by childhood sex play. What term did he use to describe the template of the ideal lover and sexual situation people develop based on these patterns of play
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Love maps
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What term describes a paraphiliac behavior involving recurrent and intense sexual arousal from fantasies or behaviors involving feces
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Scatophagia
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In the US, the courtroom definition of "obscenity" includes all of the following EXCEPT
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Promotes sexual harassment or violence
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People infected with herpes will have it for the rest of their lives, even though they may not experience any symptoms
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True
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What has been found related to common paraphilia behaviors
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All of these: they get in the way of forming relationships, cause legal trouble, come to dominate individuals' lives
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What is a common characteristic of male sex workers
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They had sex at an early age and have older partners
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"You're looking really good today," says person A to person B. In what context would this comment be most likely considered sexual harassment
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If a male or female co-worker says it to another co-worker after the person had mentioned it makes them feel embarrassed to receive compliments
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How would an adult who spends about 12 hours per week visiting sexually-oriented sites and chat rooms be identified
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A compulsive user
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What is the main motivation for becoming a sex worker
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Economic
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Pedophiles who have served time for their offenses do not typically re-offend
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False
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What does cross-cultural research suggest in relation to the "incest taboo"
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It is universal
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What mental health condition is often associated with compulsive sexual behavior
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Bipolar disorder
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All people who sexually abuse children are also considered pedophiles
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False
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The majority of sexual violence in female prisons in the US is perpetrated by
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Prison staff
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What is a common characteristic that differentiates female pedophiles from male pedophiles
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Females are more likely to have psychiatric disorders
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Statistically speaking, which of the following individuals would be at a higher risk for rape
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Jessica, a 20 year old female attending college
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Street-walking is the most dangerous form of prostitution
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True
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How can gonorrhea be contracted
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All of these: oral sex, vaginal sex, newborn delivery
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Of the following, which would NOT be classified as a pedophile
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None of these: someone who derives sexual gratification from looking at naked children, someone who derives sexual gratification from engaging in sexual intercourse with children, someone who derives sexual gratification from exhibitionism in front of children
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According to your text, what was one thing that was found to be effective in both attitudinal and behavioral change in college age males related to rape
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Taking a rape education workshop
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Mark tells Neda that if she goes on a date with him she will get a promotion. What kind of sexual harassment would this be
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Quid pro quo
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There are currently vaccines for all types of hepatitis
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False
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Most bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics
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True
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Because STIs typically require treatment at a health clinic, the number of reported STIs is an accurate prediction of the overall STI problem in the US
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False
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Vaginal intercourse is the most requested "service" of female prostitutes
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False