question

If a severely malnourished child is diagnosed as suffering from marasmus, this indicates that the victim's diet is deficient in: A: Protein B: Total calories/protein C: Iron D: Vitamin A

answer

B: total calories/ protein

question

Worldwide, a dietary deficiency of what important nutrient is the single most important cause of preventable brain damage and mental retardation? A: Iodine B: Iron C: Vitamin A D: Vitamin D

answer

A: Iodine

question

Which country leads the world in aquaculture production? A: United States B: India C: Chile D: China

answer

D: China

question

Food additives are used to achieve all the following except: A: Provide effective protection from microbial growth in storage B: Make the food more attractive C: Keep food free from rodent filth D: Protect the nutritional quality of foods Keep certain products such as table salt from caking

answer

C: Keep food free from rodent filth

question

the abbreviation GRAS stands for:

answer

Generally regarded as safe

question

The agency tasked with regulation of food safety at the international level is the: A: FAO B: FSIS C: CIA D: EPA E: TTP

answer

A: FAO

question

Lyme disease is a newly recognized ailment transmitted by the bite of which of these pests? A: Chiggers B: Ticks C: Mosquitoes D: Bedbugs

answer

B: Ticks

question

Agent orange was used in Vietnam by the US military as a/n? A: Selective herbicide B: Anticoagulant rodenticide C: Nerve gas D: Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide

answer

A: Selective herbicide

question

The mosquito-borne illness of greatest concern in the United States today is: A: Malaria B: West Nile Virus C: Dengue fever D: Yellow fever

answer

B: West Nile Virus

question

when did ddt first come into widespread use?: A: Late 19th century B: After WWI (1918) C: After WWII (1945) D: After the Korean War (1953)

answer

C: After WWII (1945)

question

Concerns regarding pesticide use include: A: Potential harm to agricultural workers B: Undesirable effects upon cattle C: Drift into schools and homes D: Unintentional killing of pets E: All of the above

answer

E: All of the above

question

Biopesticides include: A: Canola Oil B: Paraquat C: Diazanon D: Permethrin

answer

A: Canola Oil

question

A type of allergic reaction known as "Chinese restaurant syndrome" is experienced by many consumers who eat foods containing the food additive: A:Monosodium glutamate (MSG) B: Sodium bisulfite C: Sodium nitrite D: Lecithin

answer

A: Monosodium glutamate (MSG)

question

Some authorities advise consumers to avoid regular consumption of hot dogs, bacon, and lunch-meats because they contain a suspected carcinogenic food additive which is intended to deter spoilage and to make the meat look fresher. What is this controversial food additive?: A: Potassium sulfite B: Sodium chloride C: Lecithin D: Sodium nitrite

answer

D: Sodium Nitrite

question

Salmonellosis is an example of a: A: Foodborne bacterial infection B: Natural carcinogen in food C: Protozoan parasite associated with raw pork D: Poisoning caused by toxins in certain ocean fish

answer

A: Foodborne bacterial infection

question

For the average American, which of the following represents the single largest source of exposure to ionizing radiation on a yearly basis?

answer

radon gas

question

The sharp increase in skin cancer rates during the past few decades in the U.S. has largely been attributed to excess exposure to:

answer

ultraviolet light

question

What disease is most frequently associated with low-level exposure to ionizing radiation?

answer

leukimia

question

What is the minimum SPF sunscreen rating that is effective for preventing skin damage?

answer

15

question

When would the largest number of health problems associated with detonation of a "dirty bomb" occur?

answer

immediately after the initial explosion, due to the blast itself

question

Which form of ionizing radiation is least penetrating, capable of being blocked by a layer of skin?

answer

alpha particles

question

Which of the following statements in reference to health effects of radiation is false?

answer

if a person received a 2 Sv whole body dose of radiation within 5 minutes, the damage would be less than if the same dose were received over a period of 5 months

question

Which of the following forms of radiation is non-ionizing?

answer

ultraviolet light

question

Which of the following statements about skin cancer is false?

answer

malignant melanomas are the most common type of skin cancer, responsible for 400,000 new cases annually

question

Which of the following parts of the body is most vulnerable to the damaging effects of microwaves?

answer

eyes

question

Which type of skin cancer has the highest fatality rate?

answer

malignant melanoma

question

Why are substances that emit beta particles of special concern?

answer

they are chemically similar to normal body constituents, if taken internally they are incorporated into the bones or thyroid

question

A type of allergic reaction known as "Chinese restaurant syndrome" is experienced by many consumers who eat foods containing the food additive:

answer

monosodium glutamate (MSG)

question

Chronic arthritis may develop as a lasting after-effect of which foodborne illness?

answer

salmonellosis

question

For which two bacterial food- borne diseases is the infective dose thought to be very low?

answer

E. coli 0157:H7 and listeriosis

question

How does the federal government attempt to regulate pesticide residues on food?

answer

by setting "tolerance levels" for the maximum amount that may be present on specific crops

question

Outbreaks of bacterial food poisoning are most often associated with eating:

answer

poultry, meat, or diary products

question

Sneezing on foods during preparation or handling foods when an open cut or skin eruption is present is a likely way of inoculating foods with the pathogen responsible for which foodborne disease?

answer

Staphylococcus intoxication

question

Some authorities advise consumers to avoid regular consumption of hot dogs, bacon, and lunch-meats because they contain a suspected carcinogenic food additive which is intended to deter spoilage and to make the meat look fresher. What is this controversial food additive?

answer

sodium nitrite

question

The incidence of both tapeworm and roundworm infections in the U.S. has been increasing as a result of the growing popularity of which ethnic specialty?

answer

sushi

question

What is the "Danger Zone"—the temperature range which will support the multiplication of food poisoning bacteria and which should be avoided as much as possible during handling, preparation, and storage of susceptible foods?

answer

41°F-140°F

question

What is the most likely way in which the American consumer is currently being exposed to potentially dangerous pesticide residues?

answer

by eating imported fruits and vegetables on which overuse of chemicals banned in the U.S. is common

question

Which of the following foodborne diseases is particularly worrisome to public health officials because the pathogen involved is capable of growing quite well at temperatures considerably lower than those within the "Danger Zone"?

answer

Listeriosis

question

Why are many researchers today worried about the continued use of antibiotics such as penicillin and tetracycline in livestock feed?

answer

their use may promote the development of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics and this resistance can then be transferred to bacteria which cause human diseases

question

An example of a persistent, broad-spectrum insecticide is:

answer

DDT

question

If a pesticide label indicates the product is "EPA-Registered," what does this mean in practical terms?

answer

the product is legal to sell and use in the United States

question

In recent years there has been a sharp rise in the incidence of malaria in many tropical countries due to

answer

development of resistant strains of insects

question

In which of the following groups of organisms would you expect to see the greatest effects of pesticide biomagnification?

answer

quaternary consumers (e.g. pelicans)

question

Serious gastrointestinal diseases such as cholera and dysentery are carried by this insect vector:

answer

houseflies

question

The mosquito-borne illness of greatest concern in the United States today is:

answer

West Nile Virus

question

What characteristic of the organophosphate insecticides makes them more environmentally acceptable than the chlorinated hydrocarbons?

answer

not persistent

question

What characteristic of botanical insecticides such as pyrethrum and rotenone makes them useful?

answer

they are very effective against a wide range of insect pests, yet are harmless to humans and pets

question

What is the basic cause of the phenomenon known as "secondary pest outbreak"?

answer

population explosion of formerly insignificant pests which become economically important after spraying eliminates most of their natural enemies

question

What was the major reason EPA gave for banning the use of most chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides?

answer

the chemicals had been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals

question

Which of the following pesticidal groups is most acutely toxic to the pesticide applicator?

answer

organophosphate insecticides

question

Which of the following is a nonselective herbicide, capable of killing any plant it contacts?

answer

glyphosate

question

For which toxic substances do researchers say there is no safe level—no threshold below which exposure will result in no adverse health impact?

answer

asbestos and lead

question

Mesothelioma, a cancer of the lung or stomach lining, is known as a "marker disease" because its only known cause is exposure to what toxic substance?

answer

asbestos

question

Human poisonings due to mercury exposure most commonly result in what kind of health damage?

answer

Brain and/ or nervous system disorders

question

The most serious effect of lead poisoning is:

answer

damage to brain and central nervous system

question

PCBs, which biomagnify as they move up the food chain, are most commonly taken up by humans when they eat certain kinds of:

answer

freshwater fish

question

Reaffirming dioxin's status as an environmental toxin, a recent EPA report cited which of the following as the major threat posed by TCDD and related chemicals?

answer

disruption of endocrine disruptors

question

What is the most problematic step in the risk assessment process?

answer

assessing the actual amount and duration of exposure received by human populations

question

Where do PCBs, dioxins, or any of the chlorinated hydrocarbons concentrate in living tissues?

answer

fat

question

Which of the following is the leading source of dioxin emissions in the U.S.?

answer

medical waste incinerators

question

Which of the following is characteristic of both PCBs and dioxin?

answer

chemically very stable, don't break down readily

question

Which of the following toxic substances has been found as a contaminant in farmed salmon?

answer

PCBs

question

Which two of the following toxic substances are capable of crossing the placental barrier and causing severe fetal damage in humans?

answer

lead and mercury

question

In reference to cancer prevention, which of the following statements is false?

answer

Including more fats in the daily diet and avoiding irritating fibrous foods can help in preventing stomach, colon, and rectal cancer.

question

Pregnant women whose diet is deficient in folic acid are at heightened risk of bearing a child with what type of birth defect?

answer

neural tube defect

question

Regular consumption of which of the following foods is believed capable of reducing an individual's chances of developing cancer?

answer

broccoli

question

The death rate due to which of the following type of cancer has declined dramatically over the past 50 years because of improved diagnostic procedures?

answer

uterine cancer

question

The fact that asbestos workers who smoke are 60 times more likely to develop lung cancer than are their nonsmoking colleagues is an example of:

answer

synergism

question

What are aflatoxins?

answer

carcinogens produced by a fungus growing on grains and nuts

question

What is p53?

answer

a tumor suppressor gene whose mutant form is believed responsible for many cancers

question

What is the cause of Down syndrome?

answer

presence of 47 chromosomes per cell rather than the normal 46

question

Which of the following statements about lung cancer is true?

answer

Lung cancer rates are higher among both men and women in regions where air quality is poor.

question

Which of the following types of cancer is sometimes associated with a prior viral infection?

answer

liver cancer

question

Which of the following substances acts as a mutagen, a teratogen, and a carcinogen?

answer

x- rays

question

Which of these teratogenic substances is the cause of approximately 5% of all deaths among newborns in the U.S., most of them resulting from low birth weight caused by a reduction in blood oxygen levels?

answer

cigarette smoke

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