question

The three stages of process of addiction in the correct order are

answer

Exposure, Compulsion, and Loss of control.

question

Drinking alcohol for the first time is an example of

answer

Exposure

question

______ drug is a drug that often leads to the abuse of heavier drugs.

answer

Cross-tolerance

question

A __________ drug is a drug that often leads to the abuse of heavier drugs.

answer

Gateway

question

Three factors that influence the absorption of alcohol that can be controlled

answer

Alcohol concentration Number of drinks consumed Speed of consumption

question

What are physiological effects of consuming alcohol faster than one drink per hour

answer

Impaired balance, blurred vision, and slurred speech

question

Which of the following BEST illustrates a drug tolerance reaction?

answer

Felicia used to get dizzy when she drank a glass of wine, but she no longer does.

question

The unpleasant effects of drug withdrawal are caused by

answer

the body's attempt to regain homeostasis after developing a physical dependence on the drug.

question

Every day after work, Leon has a couple of drinks to help him relax even though it upsets his stomach. This illustrates that he

answer

is psychologically dependent on alcohol.

question

Which of the following BEST illustrates a synergistic drug effect?

answer

Taking several drinks after a dose of your antianxiety medication suddenly causes sever respiratory depression

question

A potentiated effect is

answer

When the use of one drug intensifies the effect of the second drug.

question

When a doctor administers another drug to a victim of a drug overdose, it is probably one that

answer

Has an antagonistic effect on the drug that the victim took.

question

Which of the following BEST illustrates drug misuse, as opposed to drug abuse?

answer

Taking twice the recommended dosage of an over-the-counter painkiller for a toothache.

question

When does drug misuse most clearly cross the line into drug abuse?

answer

When you continue use despite negative effects on health.

question

Of the following, the clearest example of a gateway drug influence is

answer

youngsters' cigarette smoking leading the way into marijuana smoking.

question

Which of the following is FALSE regarding caffeine?

answer

There is strong research linking consumption to coronary heart disease.

question

The combination of cocaine hydrochloride with common baking soda is called

answer

Crack

question

One of the biggest dangers of crack use is

answer

Heart failure

question

Heavy use of hallucinogens is known to occasionally produce

answer

Flashbacks

question

Continued use of Ecstasy can result in

answer

A possible dependence and brain damage.

question

A characteristic of major concern when using narcotics is

answer

the rapid development of physical dependence painkillers.

question

The greatest danger in the use of inhalants is

answer

respiratory and cardiovascular damage.

question

Why does eating a meal before drinking reduce the effects of alcohol?

answer

Food competes with the alcohol for absorption into the bloodstream slowing the rate at which alcohol is absorbed.

question

Jamie has become very drunk at a party. What can his friends do to help him walk home?

answer

Wait for the effects of the alcohol to wear off.

question

Corey has passed out on the couch after participating in a drinking contest. His friends cannot wake him. What should they do?

answer

Seek emergency help

question

You suspect your unconscious friend has acute alcohol intoxication. After you call 911, you should

answer

position your friend on his side

question

Which of the following characterizes fetal alcohol syndrome

answer

Children born with congenital damage attributable to the mother's use of alcohol.

question

The purpose of zero-tolerance laws

answer

is to discourage people from driving if they have drunk any quantity of alcohol

question

Which of the following conditions shows MOST clearly that Lise is a codependent to her husbands alcoholism? She

answer

will make up excuses for her husband's drinking behavior.

question

Another word that means psychological dependence is

answer

Habituation

question

Cocaine, caffeine, and amphetamines are all

answer

Stimulants

question

A drug commonly prescribed to hyperactive children that are sometimes abused is

answer

Ritalin

question

Drugs that induce sleep and are often used in anesthesia are called

answer

Barbiturates

question

Tranquilizers and barbiturates fit into which drug category

answer

Depressants

question

Which of the following is NOT included in class of drugs known as inhalants?

answer

Propoxyphene

question

Jenna, a 150 pound woman has challenged Tom, a 150 pound man, to a drinking contest. Jenna will probably become more intoxicated because

answer

men tend to develop more tolerance for alcohol than women do.

question

Cocaine is perhaps the weakest of the stimulant drugs

answer

False

question

The effect of smoking crack is almost instantaneous

answer

True

question

LSD users do not develop a physical dependence on the drug.

answer

True

question

PCP use is marked by paranoia and aggressive behavior

answer

True

question

Marijuana's active ingredient is excreted from the body in a few hours.

answer

False

question

One way your body protects itself from alcohol poisoning is to cause you to vomit when you drink too much.

answer

True

question

Motor vehicle collisions, falls, drowning's, and fires are connected to alcohol use.

answer

True

question

Alcohol is a factor in over half of all homicide cases.

answer

True

question

Although alcohol abuse appears to increase the likelihood of murder, it does not appear to increase the likelihood of suicide.

answer

False

question

A so-called problem drinker has many of the same troubles that alcoholics have without the physical dependency

answer

True

question

Denial is common among alcoholics.

answer

True

question

A lifetime, two-pack-a-day, smoking habit will shorten ones life by

answer

Seven to eight years.

question

A newborn baby's risk of SIDs increases if the mother is a smoker.

answer

True

question

A psychosocial incentive to smoke is the comfort smokers get from handling a cigarette, pipe, or a cigar. This is called

answer

Manipulation

question

A regular smoker in her forties has just been told by her doctor that she ahs chronic bronchitis. Frightened, she has decided to quit smoking. What are her chances for recovery? She

answer

could recover completely.

question

After years of smoking, Hartwig has developed a "smokers cough" This means

answer

His body is attempting to remove excess mucus from his lungs.

question

Chronic Bronchitis is

answer

a condition in which the walls of the bronchi become inflamed and infected.

question

Cigarette smoking more than doubles the risk of experiencing a heart attack.

answer

True

question

Lung cancer is usually fatal because

answer

It is usually detected at a late stage.

question

Of all the gases released by tobacco smoke, the most harmful to smokers is

answer

Carbon Monoxide

question

Of the following, Which component of a cigarette contains most of the carcinogenic compounds?

answer

Carbon Monoxide

question

Research indicates that the use of smokeless tobacco is safer than smoking cigarettes

answer

False

question

Sam, a non-smoker has decided it would be cool to smoke cigars. If he begins a lifetime habit of cigar smoking, which of the following BEST describes the risk on his health?

answer

He will increase his risk of developing cancer of the mouth, throat, and esophagus.

question

Side stream smoke is more toxic than mainstream smoke

answer

True

question

Smokers can eliminate their nicotine intake by switching to smokeless tobacco

answer

False

question

Smoking affects men's fertility by

answer

causing changes in sperm number, motility, and shape.

question

Smoking increases a pregnant woman's risk of having a miscarriage

answer

True

question

Some children become smokers because they see their parents smoking. This is called

answer

Modeling

question

The average cigarette smoker will develop cancer in 20 pack years, which is a standard that represents

answer

One pack a day for twenty years.

question

The most effective time to being influencing a child to NOT smoke is

answer

at preschool age

question

The use of smokeless tobacco can damage the teeth and gums

answer

True

question

Tobacco smoke that stays within a common source of air is known as environmental smoke

answer

True

question

When segments of a college community are studied, there is a direct relationship between cigarette smoking and

answer

level of alcohol use.

question

Which of the following is FALSE regarding use of a hookah

answer

The chemical composition of hookah-generated smoke is unlike cigarette smoke.

question

Which of the following BEST describes the connection between cigarette smoking and cancer? Cigarette smoking

answer

is a significant risk factor in virtually all forms of cancer.

question

Women who smoke or use oral contraceptives are at high risk for stroke

answer

True

question

You have decided to switch from cigarettes to cigars. Which of the following is TRUE?

answer

Your risk for developing throat cancer stays the same.

question

Your 14 yr old son has been taught to avoid tobacco and its dangers. He then makes friends with a group of boys who all smoke. You can expect that he

answer

Will try smoking.

question

Consuming alcohol does not increase the risk of smoking

answer

False

question

Which of the following is not a theory of nicotine addiction?

answer

ADHD Theory

question

Negative effects of carbon monoxide on the body

answer

Shortness of breath, one of the most harmful components of tobacco smoke, decreased cardiovascular function.

question

The 1999 Master Tobacco Settlement Agreement between the states and the tobacco industry included payment of $246 billion over 25 years to the states for

answer

reimbursement of smoking related Medicaid costs

question

Following the 1964 Surgeon General's report about smoking, the percentage of people smoking in the United States

answer

Declined until the early 1990's.

question

As education level increases the rate of smoking

answer

Decreases

question

Monica started smoking just to look sophisticated, but within months she found herself smoking every day. She now smokes two packs a day and wants to stop. The force driving her habit is

answer

Addiction

question

Three major controllable risk factors for cardiovascular disease

answer

Smoking, obesity, and inactivity.

question

Contributing risk factors for cardiovascular disease

answer

Age gender

question

Hereditary, male gender, and ____ are the 3 controllable risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

answer

Age

question

angiogram

answer

Identifies coronary artery blockages

question

Aspirin

answer

Reduces blood clotting.

question

Atherosclerosis

answer

Buildup of fatty deposits in coronary arteries

question

Bypass surgery

answer

Used to treat life threatening blockages

question

Cerebral aneurysm

answer

Weakened artery wall bulges out

question

Cerebral hemorrhage

answer

Caused from artery bursts.

question

Cerebrovascular occlusion

answer

Most common type of stroke

question

Diastolic pressure

answer

Pressure in the blood vessels when the heart relaxes.

question

EKG

answer

Used to measure heart's electrical activity

question

Hypertension

answer

Consistently elevated blood pressure

question

Percutaneous coronary intervention

answer

Opens blocked arteries with a tiny "balloon"

question

Systolic pressure

answer

Pressure in the vessels when the heart contracts

question

TIA

answer

Warning sign for a stroke.

question

Low density lipoproteins are called "good-cholesterol" because they help remove cholesterol from the blood stream.

answer

False

question

The death of part of the heart muscle as a result of blockage in one or more of the coronary arteries is known as a stroke

answer

False

question

Women over the age of 55 experience cardiovascular disease at a _______ rate to men of the same age

answer

Similar

question

The protective mechanism from heart disease women experience prior to menopause is due to

answer

the hormone estrogen

question

Of the following, which is a major risk factor in sudden cardiac death

answer

Smoking

question

Ellen is 35, inactive, overweight, a smoker, and takes oral contraceptives. The best single thing she can do for her heart health is

answer

Quit smoking.

question

The most beneficial way to lower blood cholesterol is to

answer

Start an exercise program and eat a heart-healthy diet

question

You and a friend are shopping with your teenagers at a mall. You return from shopping to find your friend seated stating she is feeling chest pain and dizziness. Despite sitting, these symptoms are not going away. The best thing to do at this moment is to

answer

Get emergency help

question

What role does cholesterol play in coronary heart disease?

answer

High cholesterol levels are associated with atherosclerosis, which causes coronary heart disease.

question

Which of the following is TRUE regarding low density lipoproteins? they

answer

Are a significant cause of atherosclerosis

question

Your father, who began to feel ill yesterday, found when he woke up this mronign that he could barely move his right leg or arm. Of the following he is most likely suffering from

answer

A stroke

question

If a friend or family member has a stroke, it is important to get emergency help as soon as possible because

answer

Prompt treatment can limit the damage.

question

The MOST common treatment for congenital heart defects are

answer

surgery.

question

Which of the following beings as a streptococcal infection?

answer

Rheumatic heart disease

question

Which of the following BEST describes the symptoms of hypertension?

answer

Lack of noticeable symptoms

question

Reducing dietary salt is an effective way to reduce hypertension for

answer

about one in four Americans

question

Through a combination of weight loss, a low-fat diet, prescription drugs, and an exercise program, your mother has reduced her high blood pressure. When can she consider herself cured?

answer

Never

question

Which of the following characterizes all strokes?

answer

They occur in the brain.

question

The incidence of hypertension is about the same in all ethnic groups.

answer

False

question

The deposits on artery walls cause by atherosclerosis is called plaque

answer

True

question

Coronary heart disease is the cardiovascular disease that causes the most deaths

answer

True

question

Desirable blood cholesterol level is less than 400 mg/dl

answer

True

question

A painful condition caused by narrowing of the arteries is called angina pectoris

answer

True

question

Most prevalent cancers for men in the correct order

answer

Prostrate, lung, and colon.

question

The most prevalent cancers for women in the correct order are

answer

Breast, lung, and colon.

question

The mnemonic to help you remember cancer's 7 warning signs is

answer

CAUTION

question

3 of 7 warning signs of cancer

answer

Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing. Nagging cough or hoarseness Sore that does not heal

question

Risk factors that breast and uterine cancer have in common

answer

Early period, late menopause, never giving birth.

question

Carcinoma

answer

85% f all malignant cancers

question

Sarcoma

answer

Bone, cartilage, and tendons

question

Melanoma

answer

Skin

question

Neuroblastoma

answer

Rare and usually only children

question

Adenocarcinmoa

answer

Endocrine glands

question

Hepatoma

answer

Liver

question

Leukemia

answer

Blood

question

Lymphoma

answer

Hodgkin's disease

question

Regulatory genes in cells that fail to function properly and allow cancer to develop are called oncogenes.

answer

True

question

When cancer cells spread ot other sites in the body, it is called metastasis

answer

False

question

A tumor that does not spread to other sites in the body is called malignant

answer

False

question

The most effective tool for screening breast cancer is the PAP test

answer

False

question

The most effective screening method for cervical cancer is a monthly self exam

answer

False

question

Which of the following is TRUE of people who have a hereditary risk of developing lung cancer?

answer

If they do not smoke, they lower their lung cancer risks significantly

question

You can reduce your risk of developing melanoma by

answer

protecting yourself from excessive exposure to the sun

question

Cheyenne learns from genetic screening that she has a mutated version of the BRCA1 gene. She also has a family history of breast cancer. The LEAST helpful recommendation for her is

answer

Breast self-exam and annual mammograms beginning at the age of 50.

question

A prophylactic mastectomy is

answer

Removal of healthy breast tissue to avoid the risk of breast cancer

question

Which drug therapy is higly effective for women whose type of breast cancer was stimulated by the presence ofestrogen

answer

Tamoxifen

question

The pap test is the

answer

removal of a sample of cervical cells for examination

question

35 year old Tara is considering having her ovaries surgically remved to avoid the risk of ovarian cancer. In which of the following cases would this make the most sense?

answer

Her family has a strong history of ovarian cancer.

question

Women in whom ovarian cancer has been diagnosed often report that the only syptoms were

answer

digestive disturbances.

question

Which of the following types of solid tumors are most common among young men?

answer

Testicular

question

The most important early detection measure for testicular cancer in men is

answer

Self examination

question

Fred detects a small lump on one of his testicles and naturally wonders if he has cancer. He should be most suspicious if it

answer

Is painless

question

Treatment for testicular cancer most commonly includes

answer

Removal of the affected testical

question

Small precancerous outpouching in the wall of the lower intestinal tract are called

answer

polyps

question

35 yr old ken experienced a change in bowel habits and a stool test revealed abnormal amounts of blood. The most likely next step for Ken is

answer

A colonoscopy

question

Pancreatic cancer is more common in

answer

African American Men

question

The most effective step toward preventing pancreatic cancer is to

answer

Stop smoking

question

Your 56 yr old brother has been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Which of the following scenarios is most likely

answer

He has only a six percent survival rate five years after diagnosis.

question

Which of the following is an effective method of preventing lymphoma?

answer

Little can be done to prevent lymphoma

question

Treatment of lymphomas most commonly includes

answer

Radiation

question

The major cause of skin cancer is

answer

Chronic exposure to sunlight when young.

question

Sam enjoys outdoor activities. Which of the following is NOT a recommendation to help him prevent skin cancer? He should

answer

Make sure he is well hydrated

question

To help you to identify malignant melanoma, the American Cancer Society recommends that you use the mnemonic ABCD, which stands for

answer

Asymmetry, border irregularity, color change, diameter>6mm

question

When malignant melanoma is identified at an early stage, it is most commonly treated by

answer

surgical removal alone.

question

When melanoma is found at an early stage the cure rate is

answer

99%

question

The most important factor in the treatment of most cancers is

answer

Early detection.

question

The single most important behavioral factor in the development of cancer is smoking

answer

True

question

Because of its vague symptoms, Ovarian cancer is referred to as a "silent killer"

answer

True

question

The association between STD's and cervical cancer is unclear.

answer

False

question

6 steps of infection

answer

1. Agent, 2. Reservoir, 3. Portal of exit, 4. mode of transmission, 5. Portal of entry, 6. The new host

question

Stage of infection where transmission of the disease is more likely

answer

Clinical and prodromal stages

question

Which stage of transmission is the most unpleasant for the host?

answer

Clinical stage

question

Which stage of transmission are people more likely to suffer a relapse because they feel better and overextend themselves?

answer

Decline Stage

question

The general term for a disease-causing agent is

answer

Pathogen

question

The general term for the enviroment in which an infectious agent grows and thrives is its

answer

Reservoir

question

Which of the following is NOT a form of direct transmission

answer

Drinking from a friends water glass

question

In the context of infectious disease, what is a vector?

answer

A living organism that serves as a mode of transmission for a pathogen

question

An example of your body's so-called first line of defense against infections would be

answer

Skin

question

Which of the following terms is applied to any foreign substance hat stimulates a response from the immune system?

answer

Antigen

question

The immunity you get from a vaccination is acquired

answer

Artifically

question

Natural immunity is acquired by

answer

experiencing and recovering from a disease

question

The role of antibodies is to

answer

Destroy antigens and their toxins

question

Adults are particularly underprotected in regard to

answer

Retanus and diphtheria

question

To avoid catching another cold, which of the following will be the most useful strategy?

answer

Wash your hands periodically when you are with groups of people

question

Tuberculosis thrives in crowded places where infected people are in close proximity

answer

True

question

The mod of transmission for tuberculosis is

answer

Droplet spread

question

You have just taken your roommate to the hospital. She came down with what appeared to be flu two days ago, but you suspected meingitis when she complained of

answer

a severe headache and stiff neck.

question

The mode of transmission for Lyme disease is

answer

vector-based

question

Which of the following is the BEST defense against Lyme disease

answer

Check yourself thoroughly for ticks after being outdoors.

question

Which of the following is an acute infection of the lungs that progresses rapidly and often kills the victim?

answer

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

question

You are cleaning your garage when you find a place where deer mice have nested. You are aware they carry hantavirus, so your best option is to

answer

Soak the nest with disinfectant or bleach before removing and destroying it.

question

Hantaviris pulmonary syndrome is a viral infection that spreads when humans inhale dust contaminated with dried virusrodent urine- or saliva-contaminated materials, such as from nests.

answer

True

question

The west nile virus is transmitted to humans via

answer

Misquitoes

question

Toxic shock syndrome is most strongly linked to the use of

answer

super absorbent tampons

question

Hepatitis B and C are spread when the virus is introduced directly into

answer

body fluids

question

Most HIV-infected persons are considered to have AIDS when the Tcell count drops below a cetain point

answer

True

question

Most HIV indections occur through the exchange of blood, semen, or

answer

vaginal secretions

question

Women are at a much greater risk than men of contracting HIV through heterosexual contact

answer

True

question

The average incubation period for HIV infections is about

answer

Ten to twelve years

question

Which of the following is the MOST effective way to avoid HIV infection?

answer

Avoid sexual activity

question

Like many STD's, genital warts are a greater risk for those who have multiple sexual partners

answer

True

question

Which of the following are conidered reliable sources of health information

answer

Medical practioners, volunteer agencies, consumer organizations.

question

Benefits of self-care

answer

reduce healthcare cost, increase interest in health related activities

question

Pharmacists are required to give you a ________________ with each prescription medication you buy.

answer

Patient information sheet

question

A doctor of osteopathy (DO) is considered a

answer

Primary care provider

question

The main differences between an MD and a DO is the

answer

DO will usually place more emphasis on holistic medicine.

question

Chiropractors, acupuncturists, and homeopaths are best considered ______ health care practioners

answer

complementary

question

The primary method chiropractors use to treat illness is through

answer

manipulating the spinal column.

question

Research on the medical effectiveness of acupuncture indicates that

answer

it is an effective treatment for adult postoperative pain

question

Homeopathic remedies are based on

answer

using tiny quanities of herbs and minerals to stimulate the body's curative powers.

question

An alternative medical approach that stresses mind/body balance, proper diet, stress reduction, and relince on the body's own immune system to heal is called

answer

Naturopathy

question

The purpose of a medigap insurance policy is to

answer

Assist people in covering the out-of-pocket expenses associated with Medicare Parts A and B

question

Ellen has completed her 4 yr nursing program and passed her state exam to become an RN. How can she become certified as an APN? She

answer

must specialize in a clinical area and become certified

question

The established amount that the insuree must pay before the insurer reimberses for services is called

answer

The deductible

question

Kim is a high school graduate who wants to pursue a career as an allied health professioanl. All of the following will most likely be required, regardless of the field she chooses, EXCEPT

answer

a medical degree.

question

One of the most common trends in American Profession in the American hospitals in recent years is

answer

offering various community health and wellness programs

question

Chiropractic is the third largest health profession in the US

answer

True

question

It is best to tell your primary care physician if you are seeing an alternative practitioner

answer

True

question

There is currently a shortage of physicians in the US

answer

True

question

Medicare and Medicaid cover some home health care costs

answer

True

question

APN's have the same qualifications as family practice physicians

answer

False

question

The best way to enjoy good health in your later years is to esstablush a healthy lifestyle while young

answer

True

question

Hospital patients have a right to be told who is providing thier care

answer

True

question

If you are hired as a full-time employee by a company that offers a group health insurance plan to its full-time employees, you must be allowed to join the plan

answer

True

question

Health maintenance organizations generally have the highest out-of-pocket costs for patients

answer

False

question

A perferred provider organization is considered a form of managed care

answer

True

question

The federal government regulates both prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs

answer

True

question

Generic drugs are cheaper than name-brand drugs because they are typically manugactured with less rigorous government oversight

answer

False

question

The FDA permits drug companies to create an over-the-counter drug by reducing the strength of a prescription drug

answer

True

question

The most common weakness of health related infomericals on TV is that the

answer

validity is questionable.

question

2 Measures you can take to decrease your risk of identity theft

answer

Shred, don't give out important information.

question

2 Measures that you can take to avoid lashing out at your child

answer

Phone a friend, hug a pillow

question

The highest intentional injury rate for both genders occurs in which age group?

answer

20-24 year olds

question

Homicide, robbery, rape, and sexual assault are all

answer

Intentional injuries

question

_______ refers to violence committed ragainst a domestic partner

answer

Intimate partner violence

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