Breast Cancer
The World Health Organization (WHO) reported in 2015 that breast cancer is diagnosed in over 190,000 individuals every year.
Breast cancer accounts for 15% of all global cancer cases, making it the most common type of cancer in women. Risk factors for breast cancer include an unhealthy lifestyle, genetic inheritance in families with a history of the disease, obesity, prolonged use of contraceptives, and exposure to radiation. As women age, their chances of developing breast cancer increase (Elk & Landrine, 14). Thus, early detection is crucial and can be accomplished through screening methods like mammographic screening using X-Ray images.
Early identification of cancer enables intervention prior to metastasis. Usual treatment methods comprise surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, alongside alternative options like biological therapies. Nonetheless, managing breast cancer may lead to diverse complications and discomforts including d
...igestive issues, hair loss, and pain (Chawla, Neetu et al.).
99) Treatment can lead to bruising and potential infections. The precise origin of breast cancer remains uncertain, but it is controllable. Numerous scientists perceive it as a condition associated with one's lifestyle. Research indicates a correlation between breast cancer and diet, thus maintaining a balanced weight, regular exercise, and reducing intake of saturated fats and alcohol can aid in the prevention of breast cancer.
HER2 is a significant advancement in the treatment of breast cancer as it has the ability to specifically target and eliminate cancer cells without spreading to other areas (Lantz, Paula ; Jewel, 654). Additionally, it has proven effective in treating various other types of cancer and aids in reducing the pain and detrimental side effects associated with cancer treatment.
Cervical Cancer
The American Cancer Society reported that there were approximately 12,99
new cases of invasive cervical cancer in 2016, resulting in the death of around 4,120 women.
The main cause of cervical cancer is an infection from the human papillomavirus (HPV), with other risk factors including sexually transmitted diseases, a weakened immune system, smoking, and long-term use of oral contraceptives. Women who engage in early sexual activity or have multiple sexual partners are also at higher risk. Additionally, those with a family history of cervical cancer are more prone to developing the disease.
There are several ways to identify abnormal cervical cells, including a Pap smear test, visual inspection with acetic acid, or HPV screening. If any changes are detected in the cervix cells, a colposcopy is conducted to further examine the cervix. Treatment options may involve laser therapy for burning abnormal cells or freezing treatment for freezing them (Rajaram et al., 24).
Possible side effects of breast cancer and its treatment consist of irregular monthly periods, vaginal dryness, thinning bones, mood swings, and stress incontinence.
Both Cervarix and Gardasil are HPV vaccines that can prevent cervical cancer in women aged 10 to 25 (Lantz, Paula ; Jewel, 656). However, there are other ways to prevent cervical cancer. These include avoiding risk factors such as delaying sexual intercourse until late teens or older, using condoms during sexual intercourse to prevent HPV transmission, limiting the number of sexual partners, quitting smoking, and avoiding sexual activity with individuals who have genital warts or exhibit other symptoms.
Works Cited
- Chawla, Neetu et al. "Asian American women in California: a pooled analysis of predictors for breast and cervical cancer screening." American journal of public health 105.2 (2015): e98-e109.
The book "Cervical Cancer: Contemporary Management" was published in 2012 by Jaypee Brothers Medical Pub. It covers the topic of cervical cancer and provides up-to-date information. (Source: New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Pub, 2012, pp. 3-36).
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