question

Subunits of protein molecules are known as

answer

amino acids

question

Of the 20 different types of amino acids, ________ are considered essential.

answer

9

question

John is a healthy 20-year-old college student. He weighs 160 lbs and jogs at a moderate pace 3 days per week for 20 minutes. Based on this information, approximately how many grams of protein does he need daily?

answer

60 grams

question

Simple carbohydrates primarily provide

answer

energy

question

A good source of fiber (indigestible carbohydrate) includes

answer

dried beans

question

When hydrogen atoms are added to an unsaturated oil to cause more complete saturation, it produces

answer

trans fat

question

The current USDA "ChooseMyPlate.gov" website

answer

provides specific daily food recommendations based on your sex, size, age, and activity level

question

According to the American College Health Association survey, approximately what percentage of college students consumes the recommended 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily?

answer

6%

question

The "bad cholesterol," which leads to plaque deposits in blood vessels, is known as

answer

LDL

question

HDL cholesterol

answer

helps protect against heart disease

question

Organic compounds that we need in tiny amounts to promote growth and help maintain health are known as

answer

vitamins

question

Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?

answer

Vitamin A

question

A vitamin that helps maintain nervous system function is

answer

niacin

question

People with low vitamin intakes tend to not eat enough

answer

fruits

question

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for sodium is

answer

2300 mg or less per day

question

A disease associated with low calcium intake is known as

answer

osteoporosis

question

The most common nutrient deficiency worldwide is associated with

answer

iron

question

Anemia results in

answer

low blood oxygen levels

question

Humans are made up of approximately ________% water.

answer

60

question

A measure of the amount of chemical energy that a food provides is known as

answer

a calorie

question

Foods that typically make you feel full and keep you satisfied longer

answer

consist of higher amounts of fiber

question

Essential nutrients are

answer

nutrients that can only be obtained from the diet

question

Which nutrient makes up antibodies that protect us from disease, assists with building and repair of bone and skin, and helps to transport oxygen?

answer

protein

question

Overconsumption of food is often encouraged by

answer

restaurant portion sizes

question

According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Americans consume an average of approximately _____ calories more per day now than they did in 1970

answer

500

question

What major factor contributes to overconsumption of sweets, sodas and fruit drinks, alcoholic beverages, and salty snacks?

answer

advertising

question

A lifestyle factor that influences weight includes

answer

exercise

question

Women have a tendency to burn fewer calories than men due to

answer

their higher level of essential body fat

question

A pattern of losing/gaining weight is known as

answer

weight cycling

question

Underweight is defined as a BMI of

answer

<18.5

question

A problem associated with using prescription drugs to induce weight loss is that

answer

the person tends to regain the weight as soon as he or she discontinues the medication.

question

A disturbed pattern of eating, dieting, and perceptions of body image that lead to medical issues is known as

answer

an eating disorder

question

An eating disorder characterized by deliberate food restriction and severe, life-threatening weight loss is known as

answer

anorexia nervosa

question

An eating disorder characterized by bouts of binge eating followed by purging, laxative abuse, or excessive exercise is known as

answer

bulimia nervosa

question

A syndrome characterized by negative self-perception in which a person becomes obsessed with a physical defect is known as

answer

body dysmorphic disorder

question

An eating disorder characterized by out-of-control eating without purging is known as

answer

binge eating disorder

question

To lose weight, an individual should strive to achieve

answer

negative caloric balance

question

Overweight is defined as a BMI of

answer

25 to 29.9

question

One's baseline rate of energy use, dictated by the body's collective metabolic activities, is known as

answer

average an hour of physical activity daily

question

Obesity is defined as a BMI of

answer

>30

question

Successful weight loss can be best accomplished by

answer

making small dietary changes over time

question

The relationship between the amount of calories consumed in food and the amount of calories expended through metabolism and physical activity is known as

answer

energy balance

question

In the United States the average life expectancy for a female is

answer

81

question

Physical inactivity contributes to which of the following health conditions?

answer

heart disease

question

Research has shown that ________ decreases a person's risk for chronic disease.

answer

physical activity

question

Recent research has shown that most Americans are

answer

physically inactive

question

Being physically fit, getting regular medical exams, and having a healthy diet are all components of ________ wellness

answer

physical

question

Your friend is morbidly obese. When you express your concern to him about his health, he denies that his obesity will have any effect on his health and cites the example of his father, who is also obese and apparently healthy. Which stage of behavior change is your friend in regarding his obesity?

answer

precontemplation

question

A conviction that one can control events and factors in one's life is known as

answer

locus of control

question

John runs 3 miles, five days a week, because he enjoys the challenge and the way he feels afterward. John's reward for running is

answer

intrinsic

question

Recycling and using public transportation are examples of ________ wellness

answer

environmental

question

The ability to change body position with speed and accuracy is

answer

agility

question

The ability to perform a movement in a short period of time is

answer

speed

question

The principle that states that training levels will decrease towards initial levels when training is stopped is known as

answer

reversibility

question

How many minutes of moderate physical activity should an adult perform each week to maintain health?

answer

150 minutes

question

Exercise intensity is most closely related to

answer

how hard you exercise

question

Which of the following is a purpose of the exercise warm-up?

answer

increase muscle elasticity

question

Which of the following is a benefit of maintaining a good level of flexibility?

answer

prevention of low back pain

question

The ability to perform work or contract muscles with high force quickly defines

answer

power

question

Cardiorespiratory fitness is defined as

answer

the ability of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to supply oxygen to muscles

question

The lower chambers of the heart are called

answer

ventricles

question

The left ventricle pumps blood to

answer

the systemic circulation

question

During the ________ phase of the heart cycle, the ventricles relax and fill with blood.

answer

diastolic

question

Short-term, high-intensity training, such as sprinting, is known as

answer

anaerobic training

question

Training that involves continuous activity sustained for 20 or more minutes is known as

answer

aerobic training

question

Which of the following may occur as the result of cardiorespiratory training?

answer

improved oxygen delivery to muscles

question

With training, resting heart rate decreases. This is primarily the result of

answer

an increase in stroke volume

question

With training, you can typically improve your VO2max by

answer

15 to 20%

question

Training that alternates periods of high-intensity exercise with periods of lower intensity exercise or rest is known as

answer

interval training

question

Training that alternates exercise modes within a given program is

answer

cross-training

question

Air entering the body through the nose travels first through the ________ and then through the ________ before entering the lungs

answer

upper respiratory tract; lower respiratory tract

question

Chronic pain in the front of the lower leg is known as

answer

shin splints

question

A common overuse injury is

answer

plantar fasciitis

question

Muscular fitness is defined as

answer

the ability of the musculoskeletal system to perform daily activities without undue fatigue

question

An individual muscle cell within each skeletal muscle is called a

answer

muscle fiber

question

Type I muscle fibers (slow-twitch)

answer

utilize oxygen to contract.

question

Which of the following athletes is most likely to have the greatest percentage of fast-twitch muscle fibers?

answer

weight lifter

question

A muscle contraction with no change in muscle length is

answer

isometric

question

A muscle contraction with constant speed is

answer

isokinetic

question

A muscle contraction with overall muscle shortening is

answer

concentric

question

Loss of muscle mass and strength with aging is called

answer

sarcopenia

question

Which of the following is an example of a speed and agility drill?

answer

line sprints

question

Small fluid-filled sacks that lubricate the movement of muscles over muscle or bone are called

answer

bursae

question

If a stretch reflex is activated, the muscle will

answer

shorten

question

The sit-and-reach test measures flexibility in the

answer

hamstrings, lower back, and hips

question

A measure of overall joint stiffness during movement is

answer

dynamic flexibility

question

Stretching that involves using voluntary contractions to help facilitate relaxation is known as

answer

PNF stretching

question

Disk herniation is

answer

a permanent bulge of the intervertebral disk out of the normal space

question

Gentle stretching and relaxation of muscles will

answer

decrease stress hormones

question

Fibrous tissues that connects bone to bone are called

answer

ligaments

question

When a doctor taps your patellar tendon, your leg kicks out as a result of

answer

a reflex contraction of the quadriceps muscle

question

April is stretching her shoulder by extending her arm up and slowly rotating it back until she experiences mild discomfort. She then holds that position for 30 seconds. By this description, April is performing

answer

static stretching

question

Round spongy pads that act as shock absorbers in the spine are known as

answer

intervertebral disks

question

The most frequently eaten vegetables in America are

answer

iceberg lettuce and potatoes

question

Which of the following food choices would be considered the least healthy in terms of fat content?

answer

fettuccine Alfredo

question

People under stress often

answer

use sugar to alter energy levels

question

The glycemic index is a measure of the rate at which foods

answer

raise blood sugar levels

question

The fatty acids in most foods and in the body occur in the form of

answer

triglycerides

question

Fats that are solid at room temperature are

answer

saturated

question

According to a national survey of college students, which of the following represents the biggest impediment to academic success?

answer

stress

question

The region of the brain that releases hormones that first trigger the stress response is called the

answer

hypothalamus

question

The hormone secreted by the pituitary gland in response to stress is called

answer

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

question

Sarah narrowly avoided a traffic accident and is experiencing rapid heart rate and other symptoms of the fight-or-flight stress response. Based on her physical and emotional state, Sarah is in which stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

answer

alarm

question

Allostatic load can lead to

answer

high blood pressure

question

An acute stress disorder caused by experiencing an extremely traumatic event is

answer

post-traumatic stress disorder

question

A state of stress-induced physical and mental exhaustion is known as

answer

burnout

question

Jeff is a hard-driving, competitive, perfectionist. His personality type is most likely

answer

Type A

question

An event or circumstance to which the body tries to adapt is

answer

a stressor

question

When practicing progressive muscle relaxation, which part of the body should you start with?

answer

feet

question

A stress management technique that identifies muscular tension and releases it one muscle group at a time is called

answer

progressive muscle relaxation.

question

A set of physical or emotional reactions following a stressful event or circumstance is

answer

a stress response

question

Which of the following is considered negative stress?

answer

distress

question

Blood returns from the body back to the heart via the

answer

venous system

question

In a blood pressure reading of 110/70, 110 represents ________ pressure and 70 represents ________ pressure.

answer

systolic; diastolic

question

Which of the following is true of hypertension?

answer

Depression and high alcohol consumption increase the risk for hypertension.

question

Atherosclerosis that occurs in the extremities is called

answer

peripheral artery disease.

question

Chest pain due to ischemia is called

answer

angina pectoris.

question

A sporadic, quivering heartbeat pattern is known as what?

answer

fibrillation

question

Congestive heart failure results in

answer

an enlarged heart.

question

A hemorrhagic stroke is defined as

answer

a stroke resulting from a burst blood vessel.

question

An audible sound based on an irregular heart valve that allows turbulent blood flow through the heart is known as

answer

a heart murmur.

question

Blockage of blood flow to the brain is known as

answer

stroke.

question

________ and ________ fats can cause an increase in blood cholesterol levels.

answer

Trans; saturated

question

The heart works harder to transport blood in people who

answer

are overweight.

question

Which condition is a cluster of obesity-related risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes?

answer

metabolic syndrome

question

Hardening or stiffening of the arteries as plaque accumulates at injury sites in the inner linings of the arteries is known as

answer

atherosclerosis.

question

Pressure applied to the walls of the arteries during the heart's relaxation phase is known as

answer

diastolic pressure.

question

Hypertension can cause which of the following?

answer

blood vessel damage

question

Which ethnic group has the greatest risk for cardiovascular disease?

answer

African American

question

In type 2 diabetes

answer

body cells become resistant to insulin.

question

Hyperglycemia can damage which of the following?

answer

nerves

question

Which of the following statements is true regarding gestational diabetes?

answer

After the mother gives birth, her glucose usually returns to normal levels.

question

A common symptom of uncontrolled diabetes is

answer

excessive thirst

question

Which of the following is primarily caused by smoking?

answer

emphysema

question

In asthma, which of the following becomes inflamed and mucus-filled?

answer

bronchial tubes

question

Which of the following is a symptom of chronic bronchitis?

answer

increased mucus

question

________ causes bones to become thin.

answer

Osteoporosis

question

Increased intake of which of the following can help prevent osteoporosis?

answer

calcium

question

________ is the leading cause of disability in the United States.

answer

Arthritis

question

For which of the following age groups is the need for calcium the highest?

answer

adolescents

question

Which organ produces insulin?

answer

pancreas

question

Osteoarthritis involves breakdown of the ________.

answer

cartilage

question

Which of the following is an autoimmune disease involving insulin production?

answer

type 1 diabetes

question

________ follows cardiovascular disease as the second leading cause of death in the United States.

answer

Cancer

question

Leukemia is characterized by an increase in

answer

white blood cells.

question

Cancer is localized and often treatable when it is in

answer

Stage 1.

question

Most skin cancer deaths are caused by

answer

malignant melanomas.

question

A person with which eye color has the lowest risk of skin cancer?

answer

brown

question

The Pap test is the most effective way to detect early stage ________ cancer.

answer

cervical

question

A tumor that is non-cancerous is

answer

benign.

question

________ cancer is most common for males between the ages of 20 and 34.

answer

Testicular

question

A factor that lowers the risk for colon cancer and rectal cancer is

answer

a diet high in fiber.

question

Hepatitis, which can be transmitted through use of contaminated intravenous (IV) needles, can increase the risk of ________ cancer.

answer

liver

question

Ultraviolet (UV) rays are considered

answer

carcinogenic.

question

Cervical cancer is predominantly caused by

answer

human papillomavirus (HPV).

question

A primary disadvantage of treating cancer with radiation is

answer

it also destroys some healthy cells.

question

Which form of cancer treatment uses targeted beams of ionizing energy to destroy malignant cells?

answer

radiation

question

The two main types of lymphomas are ________ and ________.

answer

Hodgkin; non-Hodgkin

question

Addiction is defined as

answer

persistent, compulsive dependence on a behavior or substance.

question

Which of the following factors increases the rate at which your body will absorb alcohol?

answer

drinking a carbonated alcoholic beverage

question

Problems associated with long-term use of alcohol include

answer

shrinkage in brain size and weight.

question

A condition in which the liver cells are damaged and scarring occurs is which of the following?

answer

cirrhosis

question

A major cause of mental retardation in the United States is

answer

fetal alcohol syndrome.

question

The major psychoactive substance in tobacco is

answer

nicotine.

question

An excessive preoccupation with a behavior and an overwhelming need to perform it is defined as

answer

compulsion.

question

The American Cancer Society estimates that smoking causes approximately ________% of all lung cancer cases.

answer

90

question

Sarah is trying to quit smoking. After two days without cigarettes she is feeling irritable and restless. Sarah is most likely experiencing

answer

nicotine withdrawal.

question

The psychoactive substance in marijuana is known as

answer

THC.

question

A common side effect of designer or "club drugs" is

answer

hallucinations.

question

Cocaine may be described as both

answer

an anesthetic and a stimulant

question

Which drug is a hallucinogenic designer drug that has become popular again on college campuses and is taken to improve mood or get energized?

answer

ecstasy

question

A drug that depresses the central nervous system is

answer

heroin.

question

Heavy episodic (binge) drinking is defined as ________ or more drinks in a row for men or ________ or more drinks in a row for women.

answer

5; 4

question

Which of the following represents the number one cause of preventable death among undergraduates in the United States?

answer

alcohol

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