Physiology Ch. 27 Multiple Choice – Flashcards
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The most important risk for testicular cancer in young males is ________. - sexually transmitted infections - failure of the testis to make their normal decent - smoking - a diet high in fat
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failure of the testis to make their normal decent
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The dartos and cremaster muscles are important to the integrity of the male reproductive system. Which of the following is true about the role they play? - They regulate the temperature of the testes. - They contract to push sperm along the ductus deferens. - They contract to allow ejaculation. - They are responsible for penile erection.
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They regulate the temperature of the testes.
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How do the testes respond to exposure to excessive body warmth? - Excessive warmth is actually beneficial in that it speeds up the maturation of sperm. - They move close to the pelvic cavity. - They move away from the pelvic cavity. - Excessive warmth has no effect on the testicles because of their location in the scrotum.
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They move away from the pelvic cavity.
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The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called ________. - sustenocytes - interstitial endocrine cells - spermatogonia - spermatocytes
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interstitial endocrine cells
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Which of the following occurs as a result of undescended testes? - Inadequate blood supply will retard the development of the testes. - Male sex hormones will not be circulated in the body. - Inadequate or nonviable sperm will be produced. - Sperm will have no means of exit from the body.
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Inadequate or nonviable sperm will be produced.
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The ability of sperm cells to move along the ductus deferens is due to ________. - peristaltic contractions - enzymatic activity - gravity - hormonal action
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peristaltic contractions
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The duct system of the male reproductive system does not include the ________. -epididymis -corpus spongiosum -urethra -ductus deferens
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corpus spongiosum
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Which of the following glands are responsible for about 70% of the volume of semen? - the prostate - the bulbo-urethral glands - the seminal glands - the pituitary
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the seminal glands
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Erection of the penis results from ________. - a sympathetic reflex - a parasympathetic reflex - dilation of the veins in the penis - parasympathetic activation of the bulbo-urethral glands
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a parasympathetic reflex
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Select the correct statement about male sexual response. - Ejaculation is the result of parasympathetic stimulation. - Sympathetic impulses are responsible for causing penile arteriolar dilation, resulting in erection. - Erection is the result of vascular spaces in the erectile tissues filling with blood. - Expansion of the penile tissues results in dilation of the venous outflow.
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Erection is the result of vascular spaces in the erectile tissues filling with blood.
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Why doesn't semen enter the urinary bladder during ejaculation? - There is no urge to urinate during sexual intercourse because of the suppression of LH by testosterone buildup in the blood. - Ejaculation is a parasympathetic reflex resulting in no response by urinary contraction muscles. - The smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes. - There is no common duct between the reproductive system and the urinary system
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The smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes.
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If gametes were diploid like somatic cells, how many chromosomes would the zygote contain? - triple the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the chromosome number would continue to triple and normal development would not occur - half the diploid number with no change in development - twice the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the chromosome number would continue to double and normal development could not occur - There is no relationship between gametes and somatic cells.
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twice the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the chromosome number would continue to double and normal development could not occur
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Human egg and sperm are similar in that ________. - they are about the same size - they have the same number of chromosomes - about the same number of each is produced per month - they have the same degree of motility
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they have the same number of chromosomes
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Which of the choices below is not a function of testosterone? - contributes to male sexual behavior and spermatogenesis - stimulates mammary gland development - stimulates the male pattern of development - stimulates protein synthesis
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stimulates mammary gland development
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Which male hormone inhibits the secretion of FSH? - inhibin - ICSH - ACTH - GnRH
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inhibin
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Which of the choices below is not a part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis? - hypothalamus - thalamus - interstitial endocrine cells - anterior pituitary gland
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thalamus
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Select the correct statement about testosterone control. - FSH stimulates testicular production of testosterone. - GnRH from the hypothalamus causes FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary. - Inhibin and testosterone exert positive feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary. - The pineal gland is believed to be the gland that exerts the most influence in testosterone control
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GnRH from the hypothalamus causes FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary.
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A boy who has not passed through puberty sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary such that FSH is no longer released, but LH is normal. After he grows to maturity, one would expect that he would ________. - be impotent (unable to have an erection) - not develop secondary sex characteristics - have impaired function of interstitial endocrine cells - be sterile
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be sterile
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A low secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the normal male adult would cause ________. - increased spermatogenesis - excessive beard growth - shrinkage of the anterior pituitary gland - decreased testosterone secretion
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decreased testosterone secretion
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Which of the following hormones stimulates the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins? - testosterone - GnRH - LH - FSH
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GnRH
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All but one of the following statements is true of uterine function. Select the statement that is not true of uterine function. - Its rhythmic, reverse peristalsis can propel sperm toward the egg. - The narrow portion of the uterus near the cervix is the most typical site of fertilization. - The endometrium has a functional layer that the embryo will implant into. - The myometrium contracts to expel the fetus during child birth.
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The narrow portion of the uterus near the cervix is the most typical site of fertilization.
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The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site for fertilization, are called the ________. - fimbriae - Graafian follicles - infundibula - uterine tubes
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uterine tubes
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Fertilization generally occurs in the ________. - ovary - uterus - vagina - uterine tube
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uterine tube
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Which of the choices below is not a function of the vagina? - serves as the birth canal - receives semen from the penis during sexual intercourse - serves as a passageway for menstrual flow - serves as a passageway for the primary oocyte
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serves as a passageway for the primary oocyte
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Which of the following is a correct statement about uterine tubes? - The ampulla is the narrow constricted region. - The infundibulum is the funnel-shaped region near the ovary. - The mesometrium supports the uterine tubes along their entire length. - The isthmus is the normal site of fertilization.
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The infundibulum is the funnel-shaped region near the ovary.
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Which of the following female structures is homologous to the male scrotum? - clitoris - labia majora - labia minora - vagina
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labia majora
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Which of the following statements is true concerning the mammary glands of both males and females? - All lumps identified in breast tissue are malignant. - The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that are actually part of the integumentary system. - Both sexes are equally prone to breast cancer. - The only time hormones target breast tissue is during pregnancy and lactation.
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The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that are actually part of the integumentary system.
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The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that ________. - during spermatogenesis two more polar bodies are produced - spermatogenesis involves mitosis and meiosis, but oogenesis involves meiosis only - in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell - the mature ovum is n, while the sperm is 2n
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in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell
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Occasionally three polar bodies are found clinging to the mature ovum. One came from an unequal division of the ovum, but from where did the other two arise? - The first polar body has also divided to produce two polar bodies. - One is an undeveloped primary oocyte that failed to mature. - What you really see are two polar bodies and the sperm that will fertilize the egg. - There were originally four polar bodies and one disappeared.
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The first polar body has also divided to produce two polar bodies.
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In humans, separation of the cells at the two-cell state following fertilization may lead to the production of twins, which in this case would be ________. - fraternal - genetically identical - potentially of different sexes - dizygotic
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genetically identical
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The oral contraceptive pill, informally called "the pill" contains an estrogen and progesterone or a synthetic mimic of this hormone. The combination of these two hormones taken in the pill and circulating in the blood work because. - The hormones create an acid condition in the vagina that acts as a spermicide. - The hormones prevent the proliferative or secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and the embryo will have no place to implant. - The hormones cause the woman's body to mimic the activities of a pregnancy and disrupt the ovarian cycle, preventing ovulation. - The hormones cause a thickening of the mucus plug at the cervix that prevents sperm from penetrating the womb and reaching the ovulated egg.
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The hormones cause the woman's body to mimic the activities of a pregnancy and disrupt the ovarian cycle, preventing ovulation.
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Effects of estrogen include ________. - growth of the breasts at puberty - increased oiliness of the skin - growth of the larynx - deepening of the voice
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growth of the breasts at puberty
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Which of the choices below is not a function of testosterone? - stimulates mammary gland development - contributes to male sexual behavior and spermatogenesis - stimulates protein synthesis - stimulates the male pattern of development
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stimulates mammary gland development
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During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle ________. - the Graafian follicle forms - estrogen reaches its highest levels - progesterone levels are at their highest - LH reaches its highest levels
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progesterone levels are at their highest
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Select the correct statement about the uterine cycle. - The menstrual phase of the cycle is normally from day 1 to day 8. - During the proliferative phase, levels of progesterone rise as the follicle begins to produce more hormone. - If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained by a hormone secreted by the developing embryo. - During the secretory phase, estrogen levels are at their highest.
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If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained by a hormone secreted by the developing embryo.
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Normally menstruation occurs when ________. - the corpus luteum secretes estrogen - blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease - blood levels of estrogen and progesterone increase - blood levels of FSH fall off
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blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease
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Which of the following will occur immediately after ovulation? - The endometrium enters its secretory phase. - The secretion of anterior pituitary gonadotropins is enhanced. - The corpus luteum secretes estrogen only. - The corpus luteum prepares to become a corpus albicans.
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The endometrium enters its secretory phase.
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Which of the following statements about the female reproductive process is not true? - Rebuilding the endometrium is under the control of prolactin. - The monthly discharge of the uterus (menses) is initiated by the decrease in secretion of female hormones. - Ovulation usually occurs 14 days after the beginning of menses. - Fertilization usually occurs in the uterine tubes.
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Rebuilding the endometrium is under the control of prolactin.
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All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true except ________. - estrogen is secreted by the developing follicle in the follicular phase of the cycle - FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium - the corpus luteum is formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation - a decrease in the levels of ovarian hormones signals menstruation
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FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium
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Which of the following phases or processes in the monthly reproductive cycle of the female occur simultaneously? - early follicular development and the secretory phase in the uterus - maximal steroid secretion by the corpus luteum and menstruation - regression of the corpus luteum and a decrease in ovarian progesterone secretion - maximal LH secretion and menstruation
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regression of the corpus luteum and a decrease in ovarian progesterone secretion
