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MILD ALLERGIC REACTIONS

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examples: stuffy nose, sneezing, itching around eyes, itchy skin, rash (annoying but not dangerous)

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BAD ALLERGIC REACTIONS

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examples: trouble breathing, swelling of the tongue and face, fainting, dizziness (life threatening)

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EPINEPHRINE PEN

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prescribed device that has medicine in it; administered for people who have life-threatening allergies

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HEART ATTACK - UNCONTROLLABLE RISK FACTORS

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age, gender, heredity

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HEART ATTACK - CONTROLLABLE RISK FACTORS

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hypertension, smoking, stress, inactivity, high-cholesterol, uncontrolled diabetes

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ASPIRIN

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given if a person is experiencing symptoms of a heart attack and there are no allergies to aspirin or serious bleeding/stroke

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ANGINA PECTORIS

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chest pain

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2 MINUTES / 2 HOURS

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if a person's heart attack symptoms don't go away within two minutes, call 911 because most people die within two hours of the first onset of symptoms

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FAINTING

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a short period when a person briefly stops responding (less than a minute) and then seems fine

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FIRST AID ACTIONS FOR FAINTING

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have person lie down, look for signs if injury, elevate legs 12 inches (unless there is a head, neck or spine injury suspected), if person doesn't improve or stops responding, call 911

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INSULIN

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the hormone that helps turn sugar into energy

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PANCREAS

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the gland that produces insulin

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STROKE

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when blood stops flowing to a part of the brain (clot or aneurysm) Nervous System!

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SIGNS OF A STROKE

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sudden numbness, weakness, confusion, severe headache, trouble speaking and/or walking

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SIGNS OF DIABETIC EMERGENCY

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confusion, sleepiness, hunger, thirst, sweating, pale skin color

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AURA

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a sensation or forewarning prior to the onset of a seizure

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SEIZURE

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abnormal electrical activity in the brain

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CAUSES OF SEIZURES (NON-EPILEPSY)

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head injury, low blood sugar, heat-related injury, poison, sudden cardiac arrest

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FIRST AID FOR A SEIZURE

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protect the victim from injury (move away objects), place something soft under their head, call 911, do not restrain victim or put anything in his mouth, stay with the victim, roll onto their side (if no head, neck or spine injury is suspected)

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SHOCK

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failure of the circulatory system to get oxygen-rich blood to the vital organs

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SIGNS OF SHOCK

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weak, faint or dizzy, nauseous or thirsty, pale or gray skin, restless, agitated or confused, cold & clammy skin

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FIRST AID FOR SHOCK

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have person lie on their back, elevate legs (if no head, neck or spine injury is suspected), cover with a blanket

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FIRST AID FOR MINOR BLEEDING

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washing the affected area then applying direct pressure

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MINIMIZE RISK OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION WHEN CONTROLLING EXTERNAL BLEEDING

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use protective barriers such as gloves, minimize contact with blood, wash your hands before and immediately after giving care

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BLOODY GAUZE PAD ON AN OPEN WOUND

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leave it there and add more gauze to help stop the bleeding

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DRESSING

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clean material used to stop bleeding (gauze or clean cloth--not Ranch, Italian or Thousand Island)

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BANDAGE

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material used to protect or cover an injured body part; may be used to apply pressure

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TOURNIQUET

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use personal protective equipment, place it about two inches above the injury, tighten tourniquet until bleeding stops, note the time it was placed, do not remove until someone with more advanced training takes over

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FIRST AID FOR NOSEBLEEDS

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have person press both sides of nostrils while the person leans FORWARD

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FIRST AID FOR LOST ADULT TOOTH

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do not hold tooth by the root or try to reinsert the tooth, rinse tooth in water, place in a cup of milk, call the dentist

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FIRST AID FOR EYE INJURIES

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victim should keep both eyes closed, use running water to rinse irritant out of the eye (keep injured eye lower while rinsing)

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FIRST AID FOR PENETRATING AND PUNCTURING OBJECTS

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most importantly, do not remove object!

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AMPUTATION INFORMATION

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do not place the amputated body part directly on ice because extreme cold can injure it--rinse with clean water, cover with clean dressing, place in watertight bag, place that bag in another container with ice and water, label it, keep with injured person

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GANGRENE

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when tissues become black and die due to lack of blood circulation or infection--this leads to the part having to be amputated

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CONTUSION

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another name for a bruise

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HEAD, NECK AND SPINE INJURIES

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only move a victim if: there is immediate danger, it is necessary to provide CPR, the person is having trouble breathing, is vomiting or has fluids in their mouth

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COLD PACK FOR FRACTURES, SPRAINS OR STRAINS

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using a bag with ice and water (not chemical cold pack), it should be applied for 20 minutes

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R.I.C.E.

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Rest Ice Compression Elevation

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SPRAIN

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injury to a joint (ie: ankle)

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STRAIN

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injury to a muscle (ie: back)

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SPLINT

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a splint keeps an injured body part from moving; do not tie the splint too tightly; do not splint if it is causing further pain

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FIRST DEGREE BURNS

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skin looks red and swollen; person feels pain/tenderness; cool area immediately with cold (not ice) water; do not use home remedies

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SECOND DEGREE BURNS

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skin has blisters; person may show signs of shock because this is the most painful burn (nerve endings are still intact)

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THIRD DEGREE BURNS

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skin has charred tissue; this is a definite 911 call!

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ELECTRICAL INJURIES

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**make sure the scene is safe before approaching!; do not touch victim if attached to power source or until it is turned off

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PUNCTURE WOUNDS

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highest risk of infection; do not remove an object that has deeply punctured the skin

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BEE STINGS

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remove a bee stinger by scraping it away with a credit card edge (do not use tweezers!); wash the area with soap and water; place ice on the affected area to relieve pain

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POISONOUS SPIDERS/SCORPIONS

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signs are severe pain at the bite site, muscle cramps, fever, headache, vomiting, breathing problems, seizures and/or the victim does not respond

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TICKS

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Deer Tick (Lyme disease) - most ticks are harmless, but some carry serious diseases; remove a tick ASAP with tweezers; place tick in a plastic bag to give to a doctor for testing

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HEAT CRAMPS SIGNS

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muscle cramps, sweating, headache

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HEAT CRAMPS FIRST AID

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have the person rest and cool off; drink something with sugar and electrolytes, apply bag of ice and water for 20 minutes

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HEAT EXHAUSTION SIGNS

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nausea, dizziness, vomiting, muscle cramps, faint or fatigued, sweating

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HEAT EXHAUSTION FIRST AID

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call 911, get person to lie down in a cool place, remove clothing (as much as possible), cool person by spraying with cool water or damp cloths, have person drink something with sugar and electrolytes

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HEAT STROKE SIGNS

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confusion, seizures, nausea, dizziness, vomiting, muscle cramps, faint or fatigued, NO sweating

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HEAT STROKE FIRST AID

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call 911; get person in cool water up to their neck if possible just until their behavior is normal again; check to see if person needs CPR; if person can drink, sports drinks are the best

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HEAT STROKE CAUSES

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prolonged exposure to heat or sources of heat, wearing improper clothing, having poor hydration or illness (MOST SERIOUS HEAT RELATED ILLNESS)

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FROSTBITE SIGNS

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skin is white, grayish-yellow or waxy in appearance; area is cold, numb or hard; skin doesn't move when you push it

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FROSTBITE COMMON AREAS

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ears, fingers, toes, nose

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FROSTBITE FIRST AID

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be gentle with frostbitten area; do not try to thaw the frozen part if chance for refreezing

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HYPOTHERMIA (LOW BODY TEMPERATURE) SIGNS

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skin is cool to the touch, shivering, confusion, changed personality, sleepy, unconcerned (apathy), stiff/rigid muscles, cold/blue skin, may appear dead

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HYPOTHERMIA (LOW BODY TEMPERATURE) FIRST AID

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remove victim from the cold, remove wet clothing and pat the body dry; put dry clothes on the person and cover with a blanket, towels or even newspapers (cover their head but not their face); call 911 especially if person stops responding

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INGESTED POISONS

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poisons taken by mouth

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INHALED POISONS

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poisons breathed in from nose or mouth

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ABSORBED POISONS

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poisons that have come in contact with the skin or in the eyes

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POISONS SIGNS/SYMPTOMS

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look for spilled or leaking bottles/boxes; sick feelings may include headache, nausea, upset stomach, rash; unconsciousness

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1-800-222-1222

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poison control center phone number

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INFORMATION FOR POISON CONTROL CENTER

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name or description of poison, how much poison was taken, victim's age or weight, time of poisoning, person's condition

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85%

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85% of poison victims are under the age of five :(

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