First Aid – Primary Brain Tumors (do pics first so flip) – Flashcards
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Adult brain tumor characteristics
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Most are supratentorial, half are metastases (well circumscribed at gray-white junction)
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Cause of clinical presentation
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Mass effects (seizures, dementia, focal lesions)
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Three most common adult primary brain tumors
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glioblastoma multiforme>meningioma>schwannoma
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grave prognosis (<1 year), cerebral hemispheres, can cross corpus callosum ("butterfly glioma") stain for GFAP, what term goes with this?
<img src="https://chmanchacentro.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/grave-prognosis.jpg" title="grave prognosis (<1 year), cerebral hemispheres, can cross corpus callosum ("butterfly glioma") stain for gfap, what term goes with this?" alt="grave prognosis (
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Glioblastoma multiforme pseudopalisading (pleomorphic tumor cells with central areas of necrosis and hemorrhage)
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Glioblastoma multiforme: how common? survival? location? stain? histo?
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common; <1 year; cerebral hemispheres and can cross corpus callosum; GFAP; histo= pseudopalisdading pleomorphic tumor cells that border areas of necrosis and blood
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Antoni A and B
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Schwannoma
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Oligodendrocytes = fried eggs cells
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Oligodendroglioma
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relatively rare, slow growing, usually frontal lobes, chicken-wire capillary pattern with "fried-egg" oligodendrocytes often calcified
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oligodendroglioma
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Hyper or hypopituitarism
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pituitary adenoma
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most commonly prolactinoma bitemporal hemiaopia (pressure on optic chiasm), hyper or hypopituitary sequelae from Rathke's pouch
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pituitary adenoma
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childhood peak incidence primary brain tumors
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pilocytic astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, ependymoma, hemangioblastoma, craniopharyngioma
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usually well circumscribed, most often in posterior fossa (in kids), may be supratentorial GFAP positive, benign, good prognosis Rosenthal fibers—eosinophilic, corkscrew fibers, cystic and solid; has a CYST with PROTRUDING NODULE
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pilocytic astrocytoma
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Rosenthal fibers
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pilocytic astrocytoma
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Solid, small blue cells. Radiosensitive
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Medulloblastoma
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hydrocephalus" alt="A form of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET); present with coordination problems; occurs in cerebellar vermis; compress 4th ventricle --> hydrocephalus">
A form of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET); present with coordination problems; occurs in cerebellar vermis; compress 4th ventricle --> hydrocephalus
hydrocephalus" alt="A form of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET); present with coordination problems; occurs in cerebellar vermis; compress 4th ventricle --> hydrocephalus">answer
Medulloblastoma
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highly malignant cerebellar tumor—can compress 4th ventricle causing hydrocephalus PNET—primitive neuroectodermal tumor rosettes/pseudorosettes, solid, small blue cells, radiosensitive
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medulloblastoma
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ependymal cell tumor usually in the 4th ventricle (hydrocephalus). poor prognosis perivascular pseudorosettes, rod-shaped blepharoplasts (basal ciliary bodies) near nucleus.
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Ependymoma
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Characteristic perivascular pseudorosettes. Rod-shaped blepharoplasts
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Ependymoma
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usually cerebellar—foamy cells and high vascularity associated with vHL syndrome if found with retinal angiomas can produce EPO causing secondary polycythemia see thin walled capillaries with minimal intervening parenchyma
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Hemangioblastoma
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secondary polycythemia" alt="Foamy cells and high vascularity; associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome when found with retinal angiomas; can produce erythropoietin --> secondary polycythemia">
Foamy cells and high vascularity; associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome when found with retinal angiomas; can produce erythropoietin --> secondary polycythemia
secondary polycythemia" alt="Foamy cells and high vascularity; associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome when found with retinal angiomas; can produce erythropoietin --> secondary polycythemia">answer
Hemangioblastoma
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From Rathke's pouch (derived from outpouching of mouth), can have calcifications; benign; bitemporal hemianopsia
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Craniopharyngioma
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benign childhood tumor (most common childhood supratentorial tumor), confused with pituitary adenoma (because it can also cause bitemporal hemianopia). derived from remnants of Rathke's pouch, calcification is common
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craniopharyngioma
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meningioma: how common? aggressive or benign? location? arises from? histo?
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common; benign; usually asymptomatic but can present with seizures; occurs in convexities of hemispheres and parasagittal region; arises from arachnoid cells and is extra axial (so external to brain parenchyma) and can have a dural attachment called a tail (see picture); histo= spindle cells concentrically arranged in whorled pattern; psammoma bodies are laminated calcifications
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brain tumor with estrogen r's
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meningioma
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s100 + & location
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schwannoma; cerebellopontine angle usually but possible along any peripheral nerve; often with CN VIII--> vestibular schwannoma, see bilaterally with NF-2
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mneumonic for oligodendroglia
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"oh leg go my ego" for fried egg appearance
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pituitary adenoma
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prolactinoma; bitemporal hemianopsia due to pressure on optic chiasm; hyper or hypopituitarism are sequelae (prolactinoma --> hypogonadism)
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mnemonic for adult brain cancer causes
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MGM Studios Mets, Glioblastoma, Meningioma, Schwannoma (also have hemangioblastoma -von HL w/ retinal angiomas and can produce erythropoietin-; Oligodendroglia and Pituitary adenoma- prolactinioma)
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mnemonic for childhood brain cancer causes
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Animal Kingdom, Magic Kingdom, Epcot Astrocytoma, Medullobastoma, Ependymoma (also have craniopharyngioma)
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which brain tumor matches the following: pseudopalisading necrosis polycythemia neurofibromatosis type 2 assoc w/ von hippel-lindau foamy cells, high vascularity hyperprolactinemia --> galactorrhea, amenorrhea, anovulation
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glioblastoma multiforme hemangioblastoma schwannoma hemangioblastoma hemangioblastoma pituitary adenoma
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which brain tumor matches the following: psammoma bodies fired egg appearance perivascular pseudorosettes bitemporal hemianopia worst prognosis child w/ hydrocephalus homer-wright pseudorosettes
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meningioma oligodendroglia ependyoma pituitary adenoma (adult); craniopharyngioma (child) glioblastoma multiforme meduloblastoma or ependyoma meduloblastoma
