7th grade Civics 1st semester exam study guide – Flashcards
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original jurisdiction
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the authority to hear cases for the first time
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democracy
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a government in which citizens hold the power to rule
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repeal
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to cancel a law
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3/5 compromise
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agreement providing that enslaved persons would count as 3/5 of other persons in determining representation in Congress (5 slaves count as 3 people)
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slave trade and commerce compromise
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south agreed that Congress could regulate trade between the states and other countries. North agreed that Congress could not tax exports, or interfere with the slave trade for 20 years (1808)
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Bill of Rights
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the first 10 amendments to the Constitution protect our civil rights
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interest
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payment people receive when they lend money or allow someone else to use their money
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immigrants
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aliens who come to U.S. with the intention of living here permanently
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discrimination
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the practice of unfair and less than equal treatment toward a particular group
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representative democracy
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a government in which citizens choose a smaller group (representatives) to govern on their behalf
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delegates
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a representative to a meeting
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Article I
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deals with Legislative branch powers and responsibilities
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Article II
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deals with Executive branch powers and responsibilities
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Article III
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deals with Judicial branch powers and responsibilities
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Article IV
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deals with states
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Article V
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deals with Amendments
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Article VI
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Constitution is "Law of the Land"
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Article VII
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deals with ratification process
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19th Amendment
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guaranteed the right to vote for women
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plank
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each individual part of a political party's platform
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disfranchise
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not allow to vote
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disfranchised African Americans
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residency requirements, literacy requirements, poll tax, property qualifications, had to be engaged in lawful business and never been convicted of a crime (vagrancy)
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district court
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federal courts where trials are held and lawsuits are begun
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necessary and proper clause
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allows Congress to exercise powers that are not specifically listed in the Constitution (allows Congress to exercise implied powers)
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amnesty
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a pardon to a group of people
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productivity
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the degree to which resources are being used efficiently to produce goods and services
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economics
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the study of how we make decisions in a world where resources are limited ( sometimes called science of decision making)
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exclusive jurisdiction
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authority of only federal courts to hear and decide cases
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boycott
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a refusal to buy certain goods
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13th, 14th, and 15th admendment
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civil war admendments
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13th amendment
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outlawed slavery
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14th amendment
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gave citizenship to african americans and equal protection under the law
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15th amendment
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guaranteed voting right to african americans
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poll tax
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a sum of money required of voters before they are permitted to cast a ballot
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theocracy
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a system of government where religious leaders rule
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opinion
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states the facts of the case, announces the ruling and explains the courts reasoning in reaching the decision (the decision of the supreme court)
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expressed powers
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powers that congress has that aren't listed in the constitution
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seniority
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years of service which is used as a consideration for assigning commitee members
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witness
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someone that saw a crime that accured and testifies in court
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division of labor
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the breaking down of a job into separate smaller tasks to be performed individually
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needs
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something required for survival
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deport
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to send an alien or immigrant back to his or her own country
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civics
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study of government, citizens- rights and responsiblities
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precedent
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a ruling that is used to determine the outcome of a later or similar case
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bicameral
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two house congress
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congress
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The house of Representatives and Senate
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slander
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a spoken untruth that is harmful to someone's reputation
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eminent domain
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the right of government to take private property for public use
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Alabama Constitution of 1901
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one of the largest in the Western World, still used today, has 772 amendments as of 10/17/13
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constituents
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a person from legislator's district
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constitutional
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in accordence of constitution
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concurrent jurisdiction
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authority for both state and federal to hear and decide cases
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supply
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the amount of goods and services that producers are able to sell during a given time
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enterpreneur
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people who start a new business
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terraism
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use of violence by groups against civilians to achieve a political goal
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carpet baggers
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Northerners who came South to get rich after the Civil War
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seven
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number of Articles
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abridge
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to shorten
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New Jersey Plan
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called for 3 branches of government, legislature would have one house with all states having equal representation
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amendments
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any change in the constitution
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petition
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a formal request
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suffrage
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the right to vote
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platform
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party's principles, beliefs, and positions on election issues
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jurisdiction
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an authority to hear and decide a case
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ex post facto laws
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a law that allows a person to be punished for an action that was not against the law when it was committed
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census
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a population count
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plaintiff
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a person or party filling a lawsuit
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profit
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the money a business receives for its product above and over its cost
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standard of living
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material well being for an individual group measured by how well their necessities and luxuries are satisfied
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naturalization
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legal process to obtain citizenship
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segregation
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social seperation of races
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Virginia Plan
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govenment with 3 branches- legislative, Executive, and Judicial; legislative divided into 2 houses- representation of both based on population
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24th Amendment
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forbid poll tax
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dictatorship
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a government controlled by one person
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scalawags
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Alabama whites who supported Republican party
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remand
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to send a case back to a lower court to be tried again
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franking privilege
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senators send job related mail for free
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perjury
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telling a lie under oath (as in court)
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warranty
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a promise by a manufacturer to repair or replace a product that is broken
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wants
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thing that are not required for survival, luxary
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affirmative action
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taking special steps to help minorities and women gain acess to jobs and opportunities that were denied them in the past because of discrimination
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racial profiling
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singling out an individual as a suspect due to appearance of ethnicity
