6th Grade Social Studies Final Review – Flashcards
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pharaohs
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Rulers of ancient Egypt; they had all power and authority in the government.
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Confucius
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Chinese philosopher who supported the idea of filial piety.
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Shi Huangdi
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The first emperor of China; a cruel and tough ruler who united China with a system of standardization.
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Wu Di
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He started China's first civil service system to help oversee the day-to-day business of running the government.
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Augustus
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The first emperor of Rome whose leadership brought about a long period of Pax Romana (Roman Peace).
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Julius Caesar
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Roman general who conquered Gaul and later became dictator of Rome; assassinated because the Senate believed he wanted to end the Republic and become King.
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Hammurabi
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King of Babylon who compiled the first written set of laws.
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King Tut
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A boy pharaoh; Howard carter found his tomb untouched by grave robbers.
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Sumerians
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The highest social class in Sumer was the nobles.
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Hatshepsut
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The first female to rule as pharaoh in Egypt.
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migration
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Movement of people from one place to another in search of food.
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delta
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A triangular shaped area of soil, islands and marshes located on the northern tip of the Nile River.
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cuneiform
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The Sumerian writing system.
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scribe
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Someone who wrote things for others.
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cultural diffusion
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The spread of ideas from one place to others.
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Legalism
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The belief that rulers should use harsh punishment to control their people.
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irrigation
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The use of canals and dikes to bring water where it was needed or keep water out of certain areas. Mesopotamia, Egypt and Indian civilizations used this
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oligarchy
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A system where a small group controls the government; used in Sparta.
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surplus
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An extra supply.
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social class
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The nobles were the highest social class in Sumer.
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The Ten Commandments
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A set of laws that became an important part of three major religions.
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Mohenjo-Daro
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An invasion or natural disasters may have caused this civilization to disappear.
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dictator
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An absolute ruler; Julius Caesar is one example.
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agora
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A public gathering place in ancient Greece.
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monotheism
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The belief in one God. ex. Judaism and Christianity
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polytheism
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The belief in many gods. ex. the ancient Egyptians and Greeks
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subsist
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To survive.
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majority rule
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All government decisions in Athens were made by this; when more than 50% of the people agree on a decision.
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Code of Hammurabi
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The world's first written set of laws and punishments for breaking them.
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patrician
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The wealthy people of Rome who controlled much of the government.
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plebeian
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The common people of ancient Rome. ex. merchants and workers who did not have much money
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cultural borrowing
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Adapting customs from one culture for use in another.
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ziggurat
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A huge mud-brick temple built in ancient Sumer.
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division of labor
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When each member of a society does a specific job.
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nomads
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People with no permanent homes who are always on the move.
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river valley
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Early farming settlements always developed near this kind of area.
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The Nile River
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This made the land of Egypt fertile; "the giver of life"; deposited rich, black silt after flooding.
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primary source
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Historical records made by people who were there at the time. ex) a letter written by Julius Caesar
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Mesopotamia
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The land between the rivers (Tigris and Euphrates).
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dikes
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Structures (mounds of earth or low walls) used to keep flooding rivers within their banks.
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artifact
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An object or tool made and used by humans long ago.
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Sparta
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Young men in this city-state spent most of their time preparing to be soldiers.
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republic
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A form of government where citizens elect representatives to make all government decisions.
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monarchy
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A system of government where one person rules everything. ex) King
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hunter
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Someone who kills wild animals for food.
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gatherer
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Someone who gathers and collects berries, seeds and nuts for food.
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Ancient Greece
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It's geography of rugged land and high mountains made it very hard to travel by land. This made the Greeks fiercely independent and forced them to use the sea for trading. They became great sailors because of this.
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River Valleys
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People always settle here because the land is always more fertile near rivers; the best place to start a civilization.
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Phoenician Alphabet
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This writing system based on sounds letters make spread throughout the region since the Phoenicians were excellent sailors and used their alphabet to write trading receipts.
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China
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It's geography of high mountains to the north and deserts to the west made it very hard to travel and trade with outsiders. It was isolated.
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agriculture
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After farming was developed, people could build permanent settlements since they no longer needed to move around to find food.
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Ancient Greek Values
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They had a deep appreciation for the arts and believed that human beings were beautiful and creative. A powerful mind and a strong body were very important characteristics each Greek should have.
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Sparta
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Military power was stressed above all else. All boys had to go to military school and join the army.
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Athens
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Developed a government known as democracy. All decisions were made by majority rule in an assembly.
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feudal system
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A system of trading loyalties for protection in the Middle Ages.
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Black Death
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A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351.
