question

you are growing NIH 3T3 (mouse embryonic fibroblasts) in a Petri dish, you provide these cells with a medium containing amino acids, glucose, vitamins, and salts necessary for their survival, but you run out of serum to supplement the medium - WITHOUT the addition of serum, what will MOST likely happen to these cells?

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the cells will remain VIABLE, but will NOT grow and divide

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Src-protein operates as a _____________________.

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protein kinase

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Src-protein CAN serve as a ______________________.

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kinase substrate

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Src-protein does NOT ________________________.

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phosphorylate ADP to make ATP

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mutations in the EGF receptor (EGF-R) that contribute to the development of cancer are MOST often due to:

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truncation of the ectodomain of the receptor

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question

provide FOUR different examples of a tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor that is often altered in cancer cells:

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1. ErbB2 2. Kit 3. FGF-R2 4. PDGF-Rβ

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question

provide an example of a tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor that is NOT often altered in cancer cells:

answer

VEGF

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question

in cells infected with simian sarcoma virus, the sis oncogene causes the cells to release increased amounts of Sis protein, which is recognized by PDGF-receptor molecules on the cells' surface - this type of signaling loop is an example of:

answer

AUTOCRINE signaling

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question

when a growth factor receptor is NOT bound to ligand, it is MOST likely in ___________________ configuration.

answer

MONOMERIC

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question

TGF-β receptors have:

answer

1. an extracellular ligand-binding 2. a transmembrane domain

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TGF-β receptors have kinase domains that...

answer

phosphorylate serine and threonine residues

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Type 1 and Type II TGF-β receptors form __________________.

answer

heterodimers

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the LIGANDS of nuclear receptors are ___________________.

answer

hydrophobic

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the LIGANDS of nuclear receptors may ACTIVATE ________________________.

answer

TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS

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the LIGANDS of nuclear receptors include:

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1. steroid sex hormones 2. retinoids 3. vitamin D

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INTEGRINS are ____________________ receptors

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cell surface

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cell surface receptors that are able to create mechanical stability by tethering cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) are known as:

answer

INTEGRINS

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MUTATIONS often occur at codons ____, _____, or _____.

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12, 13, or 61

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ONCOGENIC mutations usually result in:

answer

HIGHER levels of GTP-bound Ras AND LOWER levels of GDP-bound Ras

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cells often have COMPROMISED activity of ________________________.

answer

GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs)

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the OVER-EXPRESSION of GROWTH RECEPTORS helps to promote cancer growth by:

answer

1. stimulating the dimerization and trans-phosphorylation of the receptors 2. promoting mitogenic signaling 3. turning ON DOWN-stream signaling

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ligand-INDEPENDENT signaling of receptor-tyrosine kinases can result from:

answer

1. mutations resulting in truncation of the receptor ectodomain 2. amino acid substitutions in the cytoplasmic domains of receptors

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5 – Growth Factors, Receptors, and Cancer – Flashcards

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