question

The ____ structure is quite different from that of an operational or transactional database.

answer

data warehouse

question

The database structure in a DBMS is stored as a ____.

answer

collection of files

question

____________________ exists when it is possible to make changes in the data storage characteristics without affecting the application program's ability to access the data.

answer

data inpendence

question

In early computer file systems, a(n) ___________________________________ was hired to create a computer-based system that would track data and produce required reports.

answer

data processing specialist

question

A(n) ___________________________________ is a collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database.

answer

database management system

question

Data ____________________ is a discipline that focuses on proper generation, storage and retrieval of data.

answer

management

question

XML data is ____

answer

semistructured

question

____ provide(s) a description of the data characteristics and the set of relationships that link the data found within the database.

answer

metadata

question

true or false....M:N relationships are not appropriate in a relational model.

answer

true

question

True or false... The relational model is hardware-dependent and software-independent.

answer

false

question

____ are normally expressed in the form of rules.

answer

contraints

question

True or false ... Business rules apply to businesses and government groups, but not to other types of organizations such as religious groups or research laboratories.

answer

false

question

True or false A manager and a programmer usually have the same view of the same data.

answer

false

question

____ are important because they help to ensure data integrity.

answer

contraints

question

True or false.... The terms data model and database model are often used interchangeably.

answer

true

question

One of the limitations of the ____ model is that there is a lack of standards.

answer

hierarchical

question

Students and classes have a ____ relationship.

answer

many to many

question

A(n) ____________________ is a brief, precise, and unambiguous description of a policy, procedure, or principle within a specific organization.

answer

business rule

question

A ____ contains at least all of the attribute names and characteristics for each table in the system.

answer

data dictionary

question

Codd's rule of ____ states: Application programs and ad hoc facilities are logically unaffected when changes are made to the table structures that preserve the original table values (changing order of columns or inserting columns).

answer

logical data independence

question

the proper use of ____________________ keys is crucial to controlling data redundancy.

answer

foreign

question

The relational operators have the property of ____________________; that is, the use of relational algebra operators on existing relations (tables) produces new relations.

answer

closure

question

A ____ is a textual representation of the database tables where each table is listed by its name followed by the list of its attributes in parentheses.

answer

relational schema

question

The ____________________ catalog can be described as a detailed system data dictionary that describes all objects within the database, including data about table names, the table's creator and creation date, the number of columns in each table, the data type corresponding to each column, index filenames, index creators, authorized users, and access privileges.

answer

system

question

To avoid nulls, some designers use special codes, known as ____________________, to indicate the absence of some value.

answer

flags

question

True or false A foreign key must exist in both tables that have a relationship.

answer

false

question

____ logic, used extensively in mathematics, provides a framework in which an assertion (statement of fact) can be verified as either true or false.

answer

predicate

question

A derived attribute ____.

answer

need not be physically stored within the database

question

A ____ relationship exists when three entities are associated

answer

tenary

question

A(n) ____________________ is the attribute's set of possible values.

answer

domain

question

True or false ... The existence of a mandatory relationship indicates that the minimum cardinality is 1 for the mandatory entity.

answer

false

question

An entity is said to be ____-dependent if it can exist in the database only when it is associated with another related entity occurrence.

answer

existence

question

A ____ attribute is one that cannot be subdivided.

answer

simple

question

A(n) ____________________ attribute need not be physically stored within the database.

answer

derived

question

A(n) ____________________ attribute cannot be subdivided.

answer

simple

question

True or false... A composite identifier is a primary key composed of more than one attribute.

answer

true

question

One important inheritance characteristic is that all entity subtypes inherit their ____ key attribute from their supertype.

answer

primary

question

True or false...d An entity cluster is a "virtual" entity type used to represent multiple entities and relationships in the ERD.

answer

true

question

True or false At the implementation level, the supertype and its subtype(s) depicted in the specialization hierarchy maintain a 1:1 relationship.

answer

true

question

the property of ____ enables an entity subtype to inherit the attributes and relationships of the supertype.

answer

inheritance

question

The conflicts between design efficiency, information requirements, and processing speed are often resolved through ____.

answer

compromises that include renormalization

question

True or false A good relational DBMS excels at managing denormalized relations.

answer

false

question

A dependency based on only a part of a composite primary key is called a(n) ____________________.

answer

partial dependency

question

A ____ exists when there are functional dependencies such that Y is functionally dependent on X and Z is functionally dependent on Y, and X is the primary key.

answer

transitive dependency

question

True or false With parrtial dependencies, data redundancies occur because every row entry requires duplication of data.

answer

true

question

For most business transactional databases, we should normalize relations into ____.

answer

3NF

question

Before converting a table into 3NF, it is imperative the table already be in ____.

answer

2NF

question

true or false Relational models view the data as part of a table or collection of tables in which all key values must be identified.

answer

true

question

The preferred placement for a foreign key when working with a 1:1 relationship is to ____.

answer

place the foreign key in one of the entities

question

The "____" characteristic of a primary key states that: The PK must uniquely identify each entity instance. A primary key must be able to guarantee unique values. It cannot contain nulls.

answer

unique values

question

A(n) ____ might be written by a programmer or it might be created through a DBMS utility program.

answer

application program

question

___ data are the result of formatting to facilitate storage, use and generation of information.

answer

structured

question

End-user data is ____.

answer

raw facts of interest to the end-user

question

____________________ is the result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning.

answer

information

question

A(n) ____ database is designed to support a company's day-to-day operations

answer

transactional

question

A ____ is a collection of related records.

answer

file

question

True or false....... Data processing can be as simple as organizing data to reveal patterns.

answer

true

question

True or false .... Corporations use only structured data.

answer

false

question

A(n) ____ is anything about which data are to be collected and stored.

answer

entity

question

True or false .... End-user interfaces require the end user to manually generate SQL code.

answer

false

question

The ____ model was developed to allow designers to use a graphical tool to examine structures rather than describing them with text.

answer

entity relationship

question

Business rules are derived from ____.

answer

a detailed description of an organization's operations

question

The ____________________ defines the portion of the database "seen" by the application programs that produce information from the data.

answer

subschema

question

an_____ is a relatively simple representation of more complex real-world data structures.

answer

data model

question

When you can change the internal model without affecting the conceptual model, you have ____________________ independence.

answer

logical

question

A verb associating two nouns in a business rule translates to a(n) ____ in the data model.

answer

relationship

question

true or false.... business rules must be rendered in writing

answer

true

question

The network model has structural level dependence.

answer

true

question

A(n) _________ is an orderly arrangement used to logically access rows in a table

answer

index

question

All primary key entries are unique, and no part of a primary key may be ____

answer

null

question

The _________ relationship is the relational database norm.

answer

1:M

question

The logical view of the relational database is facilitated by the creation of data relationships based on a logical construct known as a(n) ____________________.

answer

relation

question

True or false.... A left outer join on tables CUSTOMER and AGENT yields all of the rows in the CUSTOMER table, including those that do not have a matching value in the AGENT table

answer

true

question

true or false.... The practical significance of taking the logical view of a database is that it serves as a reminder of the simple file concept of data storage.

answer

true

question

In the following table description, ____ is the primary key. PRODUCT (PROD_CODE, PROD_DESCRIPT, PROD_PRICE, PROD_ON_HAND, VEND_CODE)

answer

PROD_CODE

question

true or false.... Attributes do not have a domain.

answer

false

question

_______relationships are most common

answer

binary

question

Attributes may share a ____.

answer

domain

question

A ____ attribute can be further subdivided to yield additional attributes.

answer

composite

question

A(n) ____________________ attribute cannot be subdivided.

answer

simple

question

true or false.... Relationships operate only in one direction

answer

false

question

true or false..... A composite identifier is a primary key composed of more than one attribute.

answer

true

question

Another word for existence-independent is ____.

answer

strong

question

True or false...... Ideally, a primary key is composed of several attributes.

answer

false

question

A ____ key is a real-world, generally accepted identifier used to uniquely identify real-world objects

answer

natural

question

true or false ..... implementating non-overlapping subtypes requires the use of one discriminator attribute for each subtype

answer

false

question

The ____________________ constraint specifies whether each entity supertype occurrence must also be a member of at least one subtype.

answer

completeness

question

true or false... To model time-variant data, you must create a new entity in a M:N relationship with the original entity.

answer

false

question

____ relationships occur when there are multiple relationship paths between related entities.

answer

redundant

question

From a structural point of view, 2NF is better than ____.

answer

1NF

question

true or false.... Atomic attributes are attributes that can be further divided.

answer

false

question

A(n) ____________________ derives its name from the fact that a group of multiple entries of the same type can exist for any single key attribute occurrence.

answer

repeating group

question

true or false.... Repeating groups must be eliminated by making sure that each column defines a single entity.

answer

false

question

According to naming conventions described in Chapter 2, ____ would be the best name for a column representing the charges per hour in a table named JOB.

answer

JOB_CHG_HOUR

question

Before converting a table into 3NF, it is imperative the table already be in ____.

answer

2NF

question

True or false... Denormalization produces a lower normal form.

answer

true

question

True or false.... One disadvantage of a database system over previous data management approaches is increased costs.

answer

true

question

Raw data must be properly ____________________ for storage, processing and presentation.

answer

formatted

question

Accurate, relevant, and timely information is the key to ____.

answer

good decision making

question

___________________________________ is a special language used to represent and manipulate data elements in a textual format.

answer

XML

question

true or false.....In Chen notation, entities and relationships must be oriented horizontally.

answer

false

question

true or false... The hierarchical model is software-independent.

answer

false

question

A(n) ____________________ is a representation of the relational database's entities, the attributes within those entities and the relationships between those entities.

answer

relational diagram

question

14.Students and classes have a ____ relationship.

answer

many-to-many

question

Data modeling starts with a very complex representation, and as knowledge of the problem is gained, the model is simplified.

answer

false

question

true or false... A data model is usually graphical.

answer

true

question

(n) ____ represents a particular type of object in the real world.

answer

entity

question

the relational model's creator, E. F. Codd, used the term relation as a synonym for ____.

answer

table

question

____ combines all rows from two tables, excluding duplicate rows.

answer

UNION

question

___ yields only the rows that appear in both tables.

answer

INTERSECT

question

true or false... Only a single attribute, not multiple attributes, can define functional dependence.

answer

false

question

In a relational table, each column has a specific range of values known as the ____________________ domain.

answer

attribute

question

True or false... As rare as 1:1 relationships should be, certain conditions absolutely require their use. True

answer

true

question

Since it is used to link the tables that originally were related in a M:N relationship, the composite entity structure includes—as foreign keys—at least the ____ keys of the tables that are to be linked.

answer

primary

question

A relationship is an association between ____

answer

entities

question

Participation is ____________________ if one entity occurrence does not require a corresponding entity occurrence in a particular relationship.

answer

optional

question

true or false... The Crow's Foot model is less implementation-oriented than the Chen model.

answer

false

question

true or false.... In both the Chen and Crow's Foot models, an entity is represented with a rectangle containing the entity's name.

answer

true

question

In an ER diagram, primary keys are indicated by ____.

answer

underlining

question

In the relationship "EMPLOYEE claims DEPENDENT" the DEPENDENT entity is ____________________ on the EMPLOYEE entity.

answer

existence-dependent

question

A derived attribute is indicated in the Chen model by a ____

answer

dashed line

question

true or false... fWithin a specialization hierarchy, a supertype can exist only within the context of a subtype.

answer

false

question

If one exists, a data modeler uses a ____ as the primary key of the entity being modeled.

answer

natural identifier

question

____________________ completeness means that not every supertype occurrence is a member of a subtype.

answer

partial

question

The ____________________ constraint specifies whether each entity supertype occurrence must also be a member of at least one subtype.

answer

completeness

question

From a strictly database point of view, ____ attribute values can be calculated when they are needed to write reports or invoices.

answer

derived

question

____________________ is a process to help reduce the likelihood of data anomalies.

answer

normalization

question

45. If database tables are treated as though they were files in a file system, the _____________________________________________ never has a chance to demonstrate its superior data-handling capabilities.

answer

RDBMS it stands for relational database management system

question

true or false... A table is in BCNF if every determinant in the table is a candidate key.

answer

true

question

true or false... with parrtial dependencies, data redundancies occur because every row entry requires duplication of data.

answer

true

question

Data redundancy produces ____.

answer

data integrity problems

question

1. ____ provide(s) a description of the data characteristics and the set of relationships that link the data found within the database.

answer

meta data

question

Most decision-support data are based on historical data obtained from ____.

answer

operational

question

4. A workgroup database is a(n)____ database.

answer

multiuser

question

5.The organization of the data within the folders in a manual file system was determined by ____.

answer

its expected use

question

6.____________________ exists when different and conflicting versions of the same data appear in different places.

answer

data inconstancy

question

7. Data ____________________ is a discipline that focuses on proper generation, storage and retrieval of data.

answer

management

question

8. true or false A data warehouse can store data derived from many sources.

answer

true

question

10. In the ____ model, the basic logical structure is represented as an upside-down tree.

answer

hierarchical

question

11.MySQL is an example of a(n) ____.

answer

relational data model

question

14. The ____ model uses the concept of inheritance.

answer

object-oriented

question

15. The ____ model is said to be a semantic data model.

answer

object-oriented

question

16. The ____________________ is the conceptual organization of the entire database as viewed by the database administrator.

answer

schema

question

17. true or false.. The entity relationship model is limited to conceptual modeling, with no implementation component.

answer

true

question

20. ____, also known as RESTRICT, yields values for all rows found in a table that satisfy a given condition.

answer

SELECT

question

23. A ____ key is defined as a key that is used strictly for data retrieval purposes.

answer

secondary

question

26. ____ yields a vertical subset of a table.

answer

PROJECT

question

27. If the foreign key contains either matching values or nulls, the table that makes use of that foreign key is said to exhibit ____________________ integrity

answer

referential

question

28. true or false.. If the foreign key contains either matching values or nulls, the table that makes use of that foreign key is said to exhibit ____________________ integrity

answer

true

question

30. In the original ERM described by Chen, relationships do not contain ____________________.

answer

attributes

question

31. The associative entity is also known as a ____ entity.

answer

composite

question

34. In the Chen model, a multivalued attribute is connected to the owning entity with a double line.

answer

ERD "entity relationship diagram "

question

35. In an ER diagram, primary keys are indicated by ____.

answer

underlining

question

36. A ____ attribute is one that cannot be subdivided.

answer

simple

question

38. ____ is the bottom-up process of identifying a higher-level, more generic entity supertype from lower-level entity subtypes.

answer

generalization

question

42. The default comparison condition for the subtype discriminator attribute is the ____ comparison.

answer

equality

question

43. ____________________ refers to the level of detail represented by the values stored in a table's row.

answer

granularity

question

44. A relational table must not contain a(n) ____.

answer

repeating group

question

45. A table that displays data redundancies yields ____.

answer

anomalies

question

46. When designing a database, you should ____.

answer

make sure entities are in normal form before table structure are created

question

48. true or false... It is possible for a table in 2NF to exhibit transitive dependency, where one or more nonprime attributes functionally determine other nonprime attributes.

answer

true

question

49. true or false... A table is in BCNF if every determinant in the table is a foreign key.

answer

false

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