161-181 – Flashcard
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In a society with two exogamous lineages or moieties, who is the preferred cross-cousin bride for a male ego
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MBD
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Among the Yanomami of Venezuela and Brazil, as in many societies with unilineal descent, which of the following is true
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Marriage between cross-cousins is preferred; marriage between parallel cousins is considered incest
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What term refers to one of two descent groups in a given population
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moiety
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With unilineal descent, sex with cross-cousins is proper, but sex with parallel cousins is considered incestuous. Why
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Parallel cousins are considered closer relatives than cross-cousins.
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A recent cross-cultural study of 87 societies, all of which had incest taboos, investigated the rate at which such taboos were broken. The results of this study add to the evidence that
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although tabooed, incest does happen.
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The incest taboo is a cultural universal, but
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not all cultures define incest the same way
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There is no simple or universally accepted explanation for the fact that all cultures ban incest. However, the most accepted explanation for the incest taboo is
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a widespread and well-founded fear of biological degeneration
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What term refers to the culturally sanctioned practice of marrying someone within a group to which one belongs?
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endogamy
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Which of the following marital customs functions to maintain distinctions between groups?
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progeny price
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In the United States, the rise in female employment, especially in professional careers, when coupled with ________, has dramatically increased household incomes in the upper classes. This pattern has been one factor sharpening the contrast in household income between the richest and poorest populations of Americans
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homogamy
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Which of the following is an example of a rule of endogamy?
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a taboo on marrying members of the same totemic group
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How do the rules of endogamy function in society?
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They encourage the extension of affinal bonds to an ever-widening circle of people
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To understand royal endogamy, it is useful to distinguish between the manifest and latent functions of customs and behavior. The manifest function of a custom refers to the reasons people in a society give it. Its latent function is
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an effect the custom has on the society that its members don't mention or recognize.
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Anthropologist Edmund Leach (1955) observed that, depending on the society, several different kinds of rights are allocated by marriage. According to Leach, marriage can, but doesn't always, accomplish each of the following EXCEPT
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give either or both spouses rights over the latent and manifest functions of the other
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A cross-cultural study that systematically compared romantic love in many cultures found
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evidence that romantic love may be a universal, although romantic love and marriage do not necessarily go together
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A Nuer woman married to a woman can be the pater of a child she did not father. Native American berdaches, biological men who represent a third gender, sometimes assume the role of a wife when married to a man with whom they share the products of their labor. Cross-cultural examples such as these illustrate
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how, if they were to be made legal, same-sex marriages could easily benefit from the same legal rights different-sex marriages already enjoy
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A lobola, a substantial marital gift from the husband and his kin to the wife and her kin among the BaThonga of Mozambique, is
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widespread in patrilineal societies
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What is the term for the marital exchange in which the bride's family or kin group provides substantial gifts when their daughter marries
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dowry
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Divorce tends to be more common
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in matrilineal than in patrilineal societies.
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What is the name of the custom by which a widower marries the sister of his deceased wife
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sororate marriage
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Polygamy, although formally outlawed, has survived in Turkey since the Ottoman period, when having
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sororate marriage
