1234567890 - Flashcards | StudyHippo.com

Q: phenotype

the way genes are expressed in an organism\'s physical form as a result of genotype interaction with environmental factors

Q: hypodescent

sometimes called the \"one drop of blood rule\" the assignment of children of racially \" mixed\" unions to the subordinate group

question

race

answer

a flawed system of classification, with no biological basis, that uses certain physical characteristics to divide the human population into supposedly discrete groups

question

racism

answer

individual thoughts and actions and institutional patterns and policies that create unequal access to power, resources, and opportunities based on imagined differences among groups

question

genotype

answer

the inherited genetic factors that provide the framework for an organism's physical form

question

phenotype

answer

the way genes are expressed in an organism's physical form as a result of genotype interaction with environmental factors

question

colonialism

answer

the practice by which a nation-state extends political, economic, and military power beyond its own borders over an extended period of time to secure access to raw materials, cheap labor, and markets in other countries or regions

question

miscegenation

answer

a demeaning historical term for interracial marriage

question

white supremacy

answer

the belief that whites are biologically different and superior to people of other races

question

whiteness

answer

a culturally constructed concept originating in1691 Virginia designed to establish clear boundaries of who is white and who is not, a process central to the formation of U.S racial stratification

question

Jim Crow

answer

Laws implemented after the U.S civil war to legally enforce segregation, particularly in the South, after the end of slavery

question

hypodescent

answer

sometimes called the "one drop of blood rule" the assignment of children of racially " mixed" unions to the subordinate group

question

nativism

answer

favoring certain long-term inhabitants over new immigrants

question

eugenics

answer

a pseudoscience attempting to scientifically prove the existence of separate human races to improve the population's genetic composition by favoring some races over others

question

racialization

answer

to categorize, differentiate, and attribute a particular character to a person or group of people

question

individual racism

answer

personal prejudiced beliefs and discriminatory actions based on race

question

institutional racism

answer

patterns by which racial inequality is structured through key cultural institutions, policies, and systems

question

racial ideology

answer

a set of popular ideas about race that allows the discriminatory behaviors of individuals and institutions to seem reasonable, rational, and normal

question

A historical term meant to belittle and vilify "mixed" marriages is:

answer

miscegenation

question

Individual thoughts and actions and institutional patterns and policies that create unequal access to power, resources, and opportunities based on imagined differences among groups are referred to as:

answer

racism

question

What is described in the text as "an invisible package of unearned assets" that are the legacy of generations of racial discrimination?

answer

white privilege

question

The way people actually look is the result of their genetic traits and the environment they live in. This is known as their:

answer

phenotype

question

What is another name for the "one drop rule" that is used for determining race?

answer

hypodescent

question

Which term refers to laws implemented after the US Civil War to legally enforce segregation, particularly in the South, after the end of slavery?

answer

Jim Crow

question

The process that preserves an organism through a chemical process that turns it partially or wholly into rock is called:

answer

fossilization

question

Around 15,000 yBP, modern Homo sapiens had left Asia and migrated to:

answer

North and South America

question

Complex innovations that allow humans to cope with the environment are called:

answer

cultural adaptations

question

A group of related organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile, viable offspring are called a:

answer

species

question

Gene migration is defined as:

answer

exchange of genes between populations

question

A group of people who share an idea of cultural and ancestral connection and who see themselves as distinct from people in other groups is described as a(n):

answer

ethnicity

question

How long has the Iraqi ethnicity existed in the Middle East?

answer

never

question

The process though which new immigrants and their children enculturate into the dominant national culture but retain a distinct ethnic culture is referred to as:

answer

multiculturalism

question

What term was used in the past to describe a group of people but now refers to a country?

answer

nation

question

The invented sense of connection and shared traditions that underlies identification with a particular ethnic group or nation whose members likely will never meet refers to the concept of:

answer

imagined community

question

The process by which minorities adopt the patterns and norms of the dominant culture and cease to exist as separate groups is known as:

answer

assimilation

question

Ida Susser's initial research focused on:

answer

the student movement at Kent State University (Ohio).

question

Ida Susser's approach to research on HIV prevention in South Africa exemplifies:

answer

engaged anthropology.

question

Improved conditions across the globe indicate that the Millennial goal of achieving gender equality:

answer

is in fact far from complete, even though conditions have improved somewhat.

question

Matthew Gutmann's research in Mexico indicates that:

answer

masculine identity is in flux and negotiable.

question

By studying the "fag discourse" in US schools, anthropologists have learned that:

answer

girls can increase their status by performing masculine behavior.

question

The process through which a sense of gender becomes normative and seems natural is called:

answer

enculturation.

question

According to the text, increased participation in the global economy means that many women who migrate from the global South find work as ________ in industrialized nations.

answer

nannies

question

Rape of men and women was one of the most brutal and powerful ways that gender stratification was performed in:

answer

The civil war of El Savador

question

Women who form intimate spiritual, emotional, and sexual relationships with other women in Paramaribo, Suriname, are called:

answer

mati

question

________________ is a social scientist who wrote about the link between sexuality and power, describing the ways that sexuality is an arena in which appropriate behavior is defined, relations of power are worked out, and inequality and stratification are created, enforced, and contested.

answer

Michel Foucault

question

Sociologist Mignon Moore found that the intersection of ________ and ________ most impacted the identities of the women in her book Invisible Families (2011).

answer

race; sexuality

question

DOMA, the Defense of Marriage Act, stated which of the following about marriage?

answer

Marriage is the legal union between one man and one woman.

question

Sex tourists in the Dominican Republic are typically:

answer

white European men

question

The lives of European women living in the colonies were restricted in all EXCEPT which of the following gender-specific ways?

answer

religious

question

Heterosexuality in the United States:

answer

is a relatively new invention, and not the historical norm.

question

For anthropologists, ________ refers to the observable physical differences between male and female human beings, especially the biological differences related to human reproduction.

answer

sex

question

Medical data indicate that ________ of individuals are born without the biological traits that make them easily classified biologically as male or female.

answer

less than 2%

question

Which of the following factors would a cultural constructionist consider studying when investigating human sexuality?

answer

a christian dating forum

question

Mapping the global scope of diverse human sexual beliefs and behaviors is called the:

answer

ethnocartography of human sexuality.

question

Which of the following phenomenon is currently placing stress on kinship systems worldwide?

answer

globalization

question

Nation-states draw heavily on ideas of which of the following in order to create a sense of connection among very different people found within their national borders?

answer

kinship and family

question

Countries such as Norway, Sweden, and Denmark are among those that have explicitly worked to narrow stratification through high taxation of wealth and which of the following efforts?

answer

generous social benefits

question

As a ritual ceremony, the potlatch serves to establish social status not by wealth and power but by the prestige earned via a person's capacity for which of the following?

answer

generosity

question

Efforts to establish more egalitarian systems of economic and social relations within highly stratified societies include which of the following communities?

answer

Hutterite

question

Theorist Max Weber argued that analyzing emerging structures of stratification required an examination of which of the following?

answer

power and prestige

question

Of all the systems of stratification and power in a society, which of the following is commonly the most difficult to see clearly and to discuss openly?

answer

class

question

Patterns of reciprocity:

answer

still exist, even in contemporary societies that base economic relations on the exchange of money for services.

question

Which of the following is another key to the social reproduction of class and was defined by Bourdieu as the knowledge, habits, and tastes learned from parents and family that people use to gain access to scarce and valuable resources in society?

answer

cultural capital

question

In India's caste system, the population is divided into how many different castes, or varna?

answer

four

question

Which of the following reveal the way power is distributed in a society?

answer

income patterns

question

Which of the following is the term used to describe a framework for analyzing many factors that determine how class is lived rather than examining class in isolation?

answer

intersectionality

question

Which of the following statements is true?

answer

Each society develops its own patterns of stratification that differentiate people into groups or classes.

question

Which of the following is a pattern of relationship in which group members equally share resources and responsibilities over time based on mutual exchange?

answer

reciprocity

question

Which of the following is a system of power based on wealth, income, and status that creates an unequal distribution of a society's resources?

answer

class

question

Systems of stratification and power such as class:

answer

are not intrinsic to human culture

question

Karl Marx argued that the proletariat were unable to develop a political awareness of their class position because:

answer

they were continually occupied with the struggle to make ends meet.

question

The preferred term for individuals of an alternate gender in Native American cultures is:

answer

two-spirits

question

The "man the hunter, woman the gatherer" debate is based on the idea that:

answer

during the evolutionary process, male aggression became imprinted in human DNA.

question

Anthropologists define ________ as the expectations of thought and behavior that each culture assigns to individuals.

answer

gender

question

Violence perpetuated through sexually related physical assaults such as rape is called:

answer

sexual violence

question

Margaret Mead's work in the islands of the western Pacific contributed which of the following to a greater understanding of human sexuality?

answer

This work challenged the assumptions that U.S. attitudes about sexuality were universal traits fixed in human nature.

question

Early anthropologists considered which of the following groups as key to understanding each culture's economic, political, and religious dynamics?

answer

descent groups

question

Pierre Bourdieu worked to understand the relationship between class, culture, and power by examining which of the following phenomenon in schools?

answer

social reproduction

question

Anthropologists trace the roots of which of the following patterns of social stratification to the rise of intensive agriculture and populous market towns?

answer

extreme stratification

question

A marginalized group outside of India's primary castes who are typically assigned the most spiritually polluting work and are deemed "untouchable" by the general population are the:

answer

dalits

question

Which of the following is a type of society that is based on the sharing of resources to ensure group success with a relative absence of hierarchy and violence within or among groups?

answer

egalitarian

question

Systems of class stratify individuals' life chances and affect their possibilities for upward social:

answer

mobility

question

The income gaps between the highest earners and the lowest earners in the United States have:

answer

increased substantially during the past five decades due to changes in the tax code and stagnating salaries.

question

achieved status

answer

Measure given based on work put in. A social position attained by a person's own efforts and skills.

question

ascribed status

answer

Born status, you don't have a choice. A social position that a person occupies simply by birth or through a culturally determined right.

question

age set

answer

a group of people close in age who go through certain rituals, such as circumcision, at the same time

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assimilation

answer

The process through which minorities accept the patterns and norms of the dominant culture and cease to exist as separate groups.

question

authority

answer

the right to take certain forms of action as a leader, group gives you rights to act in their regard

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band

answer

Small loosely organized groups of people held together by informal means

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big man/big woman system

answer

Category of political organization midway between tribes and chiefdoms

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bourgeoisie

answer

Marxist term for the capitalist class that owns the means of production.

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caste system

answer

A closed system of strati?ca-tion in a society

question

chiefdom

answer

An autonomous politi-cal unit composed of a number of villages or communities under the permanent control of a paramount chief. Kinship/lineage.

question

class status/social class

answer

Status refers to a person's position in society.

question

class system

answer

A system of power based on wealth, income, and status that cre-ates an unequal distribution of a society's resources

question

civil society

answer

A local nongovernmental organization that challenges state policies and uneven development, and advocates for resources and opportunities for members of its local communities

question

confederacy

answer

A loose union of independent states

question

cultural capital

answer

The knowledge, habits, and tastes learned from par-ents and family that individuals can use to gain access to scarce and valuable resources in society

question

custom

answer

Practice routinely followed by a group of people.

question

dalit

answer

outcasts, untouchables from india

question

egalitarian society

answer

Society where:

question

elites

answer

Members of a social group in a stratified society who have privileges denied to the majority of the population.

question

empire

answer

States expanded into larger units through conquest and the occupation or annexation of new territories.

question

ethnicity

answer

A sense of historical, cultural, and sometimes ancestral connection to a group of people who are imagined to be distinct from those outside the group.

question

ethnic cleansing

answer

E?orts by representatives of one ethnic or reli-gious group to remove or destroy another group in a particular geo-graphic area.

question

eugenics

answer

attempted to use scienti?c meth-odologies to prove the existence of separate races and, in particular, the superi-ority of the white "race" and the inferiority of all nonwhites.

question

factionalism

answer

Represented by the party system. The splintering of the political elites based not just on points of view but on personalities. Tend to coalesce before elections and then break apart.

question

genocide

answer

The deliberate and sys-tematic destruction of an ethnic or religious group.

question

habitus

answer

Bourdieu's term to describe the self-perceptions and beliefs that develop as part of one's social identity and shape one's conceptions of the world and where one ?ts in it.

question

hegemony

answer

The ability of a dominant group to create consent and agreement within a population without the use or threat of force.

question

hypodescent

answer

Sometimes called the "one drop of blood rule"; the assign-ment of children of racially "mixed" unions to the subordinate group.

question

imagined community

answer

The invented sense of connection and shared traditions that underlies identi?ca-tion with a particular ethnic group or nation whose members likely will never meet.

question

income

answer

Money from work.

question

influence

answer

the ability to achieve a desired end by exerting social or moral pressure on someone or some group

question

institutional racism

answer

Patterns by which racial inequality is structured through key cultural institutions, policies, and systems.

question

intersectionality

answer

An analytic frame-work for assessing how factors such as race, gender, and class interact to shape individual life chances and societal patterns of strati?cation. map

question

jim crow

answer

Laws implemented after the U.S. Civil War to legally enforce segregation, particularly in the South, after the end of slavery

question

law

answer

maintaining power relationships through discrimination, keeps social order

question

legal anthropology/critical legal anthropology

answer

study of socially accepted ways of maintaining social order and resolving conflict

question

life chances

answer

Your relative odds for success within the political economic structure. The lower your prestige, the lower your - and vice versa.

question

means of production

answer

The facto-ries, machines, tools, raw materials, land, and ?nancial capital needed to make things

question

melting pot

answer

A metaphor used to describe the process of immigrant assimilation into U.S. dominant culture.

question

militarism/militarization

answer

The contested social process through which a civil society organizes for the production of mili-tary violence.

question

miscegenation

answer

A demeaning historical term for interracial marriage.

question

mobility

answer

Ability to move or be moved between classes

question

moka

answer

term for a large public feast with political motives in papua new guinea

question

multiculturalism

answer

A pattern of ethnic relations in which new immigrants and their children enculturate into the dominant national culture and yet retain an ethnic culture

question

nation/nationalism

answer

Nationalism emerges when a sense of ethnic community combines with a desire to create and maintain a nation-state in a location where that sense of common destiny can be lived out

question

nation-state

answer

located within a geographic terri-tory with enforced borders, where the population shares a sense of culture, ancestry, and destiny as a people

question

norm

answer

Expectations for the way group members will behave while in a group.

question

origin myths

answer

A story told about the founding and history of a particular group to reinforce a sense of com-mon identity

question

policing

answer

regulating, controlling, or keeping in order

question

political anthropology

answer

the study of social power in human society

question

political organization

answer

The ways in which societies are organized to plan group activities, make decisions affecting members of the group, select leadership, and settle disputes within the group and with other groups.

question

potlatch redistribution

answer

Elaborate redistribution ceremony practiced among the Kwakiutl of the Paci?c Northwest.

question

power

answer

Ability to exert control over other people and to make decisions that are going to affect them.

question

prestige

answer

A social resource reflected in others' good opinions, respect, and willingness to be influenced.

question

primogeniture

answer

the right of an eldest son to succeed to the estate of his ancestor to the exclusion of all others

question

prison system

answer

administers justice through incarceration or execution

question

proletariat

answer

Marxist term for the class of laborers who own only their labor. Working class.

question

republic

answer

A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting

question

race/racialization

answer

A ?awed system of classi?ca-tion, with no biological basis, that uses certain physical characteristics to divide the human population into supposedly discrete group

question

racial ideology

answer

A system of beliefs that reinforce and reproduce assumptions about individuals belonging to a particular racial group

question

ranked society

answer

Societies in which people or, more usually, kinship groups are ordered on a continuum in relation to each other. (horticultural and pastoral societies are usually this)

question

sectarian conflict

answer

conflict based on perceived differences between divisions or sects within a religion

question

situational identity

answer

Is role we temporarily inhabit that is function of both our desires and expectations of others in the situation

question

slavery

answer

An ascribed status forced on a person.

question

social capital

answer

What you consider the wealth of the relationships you have. Also the strength and relative influence of each of the people in the world. Benefits of these relationships: one degree of social capital.

question

social control

answer

Process by which people maintain orderly life in groups.

question

social group

answer

A collection of people who regularly interact with one another on the basis of shared expectations concerning behavior and who share a sense of common identity.

question

social justice

answer

Fair treatment of all people in a society

question

social mobility

answer

The movement of one's class position, upward or downward, in strati?ed societies.

question

social movement

answer

Collective group actions in response to uneven devel-opment, inequality, and injustice that seek to build institutional net-works to transform cultural patterns and government policies.

question

social reproduction

answer

The phenomenon whereby social and class relations of prestige or lack of prestige are passed from one generation to the next. bordieau

question

social stratification

answer

A system in which categories of people are ranked in a hierarchy

question

state

answer

An autonomous regional structure of political, economic, and military rule with a central govern-ment authorized to make laws and use force to maintain order and defend its territory

question

status

answer

A person's standing or rank in relation to others, many times falsely based on wealth, power, or influence.

question

terrorism

answer

Is a violent action to achieve political ends

question

trial

answer

A formal deciding of a case in a court of law

question

tribe

answer

Most are organized via unilineal principal either property/rights inherited from either mom or dad side, but not both.

question

war

answer

fighting for political gain

question

whiteness

answer

a set of ideologies, discourses and practices not only associated with "white people", but also considered the norm

question

wealth

answer

Total sum of economic resources, whether in land, goods, or money.

question

agency

answer

The potential power of indi-viduals and groups to contest cul-tural norms, values, symbols, mental maps of reality, institutions, and structures of power

question

A historical term meant to belittle and vilify "mixed" marriages is:

answer

miscegenation

question

Individual thoughts and actions and institutional patterns and policies that create unequal access to power, resources, and opportunities based on imagined differences among groups are referred to as:

answer

racism

question

What is described in the text as "an invisible package of unearned assets" that are the legacy of generations of racial discrimination?

answer

white privilege

question

The way people actually look is the result of their genetic traits and the environment they live in. This is known as their:

answer

phenotype

question

What is another name for the "one drop rule" that is used for determining race?

answer

hypodescent

question

Which term refers to laws implemented after the US Civil War to legally enforce segregation, particularly in the South, after the end of slavery?

answer

Jim Crow

question

The process that preserves an organism through a chemical process that turns it partially or wholly into rock is called:

answer

fossilization

question

Around 15,000 yBP, modern Homo sapiens had left Asia and migrated to:

answer

North and South America

question

Complex innovations that allow humans to cope with the environment are called

answer

cultural adaptations

question

A group of related organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile, viable offspring are called a:

answer

species

question

Gene migration is defined as:

answer

exchange of genes between populations

question

A group of people who share an idea of cultural and ancestral connection and who see themselves as distinct from people in other groups is described as a(n):

answer

ethnicity

question

How long has the Iraqi ethnicity existed in the Middle East?

answer

never

question

The process though which new immigrants and their children enculturate into the dominant national culture but retain a distinct ethnic culture is referred to as:

answer

multiculturalism

question

What term was used in the past to describe a group of people but now refers to a country?

answer

nation

question

The invented sense of connection and shared traditions that underlies identification with a particular ethnic group or nation whose members likely will never meet refers to the concept of:

answer

imagined community

question

The process by which minorities adopt the patterns and norms of the dominant culture and cease to exist as separate groups is known as:

answer

assimilation

question

Improved conditions across the globe indicate that the Millennial goal of achieving gender equality:

answer

is in fact far from complete, even though conditions have improved somewhat

question

Among the eight UN Millennial Goals, one that highlights gender issues specifically is to:

answer

promote gender equality and empower women

question

The restudy of women's role in the Trobriand Island exchanges indicated that:

answer

women exchanged banana fiber skirts during funerary activities

question

Early feminist anthropological studies focused on identifying:

answer

the underlying roots of universal male dominance

question

Ida Susser's approach to research on HIV prevention in South Africa exemplifies:

answer

engaged anthropology

question

The preferred term for individuals of an alternate gender in Native American cultures is:

answer

Two-Spirits

question

Rape of men and women was one of the most brutal and powerful ways that gender stratification was performed in:

answer

the civil war of El Salvador

question

The phrases "boys will be boys" and "it's a girls' thing" reflect gender:

answer

stereotypes

question

Under the rules of machismo, the machista is considered:

answer

a manly man

question

Mati may engage in sexual relationships with:

answer

men and women

question

Which of the following statements about the mati of Suriname is true?

answer

Mati regard sexuality as a flexible behavior rather than a fixed identity

question

Margaret Mead's work in the islands of the western Pacific contributed which of the following to a greater understanding of human sexuality?

answer

This work challenged the assumptions that U.S. attitudes about sexuality were universal traits fixed in human nature

question

Harvard-trained biologist and zoologist Alfred Kinsey's study on human sexuality revealed which of the following?

answer

a continuum of sexual behavior

question

Heterosexuality in the United States:

answer

is a relatively new invention, and not the historical norm

question

The lives of European women living in the colonies were restricted in all EXCEPT which of the following gender-specific ways?

answer

religious

question

Which of the following is a descent group that is constructed through the mother's side of the family?

answer

matrilineal

question

Which of the following builds kinship ties between two people who are not typically immediate biological kin?

answer

marriage

question

Families and kinship networks have the power to provide support and to nurture, as well as to ensure reproduction of which of the following?

answer

the next generation

question

A patrilineal descent group traces kinships through which side of the family?

answer

father's

question

Which of the following phenomenon is currently placing stress on kinship systems worldwide?

answer

globalization

question

Which of the following commonly creates socially recognized relationships that may involve physical and emotional intimacy, sexual pleasure, reproduction and raising of children, mutual support and companionship, and shared legal rights to property and inheritance?

answer

marriage

question

The incest taboo universally prohibits sexual relations:

answer

between parents and children and siblings

question

Which type of marriage between two individuals is negotiated in order to form economic and political alliances between larger kinship groups?

answer

arranged

question

Which of the following statements about marriage is true?

answer

Marriage occurs in every culture in some form, but its exact characteristics vary widely

question

Similar to membership in a family, citizenship in a nation-state derives mostly from:

answer

birth and biology

question

Which of the following types of marriage specifically involves the union of one man to two or more women?

answer

polygyny

question

The marriage practice in which one woman is married to two or more men is considered

answer

polyandry

question

The form of reproductive technology that involves the creation of genetically identical copies of cells or whole organisms is called:

answer

cloning

question

One way in which humans construct kinship groups is by tracking genealogical:

answer

descent

question

Early anthropologists considered which of the following groups as key to understanding each culture's economic, political, and religious dynamics?

answer

descent groups

question

Leith Mullings argues that class cannot be studied in isolation but rather must be considered together with race and gender as interlocking systems of:

answer

power

question

Which of the following is defined as the act of gift giving within a ranked society that serves as a form of sharing accumulated wealth and enhancing the chief's prestige?

answer

redistribution

question

Theorist Max Weber argued that analyzing emerging structures of stratification required an examination of which of the following?

answer

power and prestige

question

Karl Marx examined social inequality by distinguishing between which two distinct classes of people?

answer

bourgeoisie and proletariat

question

Which of the following members of a ranked society do not accumulate great wealth, despite their high prestige?

answer

chiefs

question

In ranked societies, positions of high prestige such as that of a chief are largely:

answer

hereditary

question

The income gaps between the highest earners and the lowest earners in the United States have:

answer

increased substantially during the past five decades due to changes in the tax code and stagnating salaries

question

The movement of one's class position-whether upward or downward-in stratified societies is called:

answer

social mobility

question

Which of the following is the term used to describe a framework for analyzing many factors that determine how class is lived rather than examining class in isolation?

answer

intersectionality

question

Which of the following is another key to the social reproduction of class and was defined by Bourdieu as the knowledge, habits, and tastes learned from parents and family that people use to gain access to scarce and valuable resources in society?

answer

cultural capital

question

In the United States, an individual's life chances are:

answer

stratified by class as well as race and gender

question

Which of the following statements is true?

answer

Class is rarely discussed in the United States and consequently is largely off the radar screen regarding public discourse

question

Which of the following is a type of status that is inherited or assigned at birth and is passed down from generation to generation with rigidly enforced boundaries among caste groups?

answer

ascribed

question

The total value of what someone owns-including stocks, bonds, and real estate-minus any debt, such as a mortgage, student educational loans, or credit card debt, is considered:

answer

wealth

question

Which of the following statements is true?

answer

Each society develops its own patterns of stratification that differentiate people into groups or classes

question

Matthew Gutmann's research in Mexico indicates that:

answer

masculine identity is in flux and negotiable

question

By studying the "fag discourse" in US schools, anthropologists have learned that:

answer

girls can improve their status by performing masculine behavior

question

An uneven distribution of power and access to resources, opportunities, rights, and privileges in which gender shapes who has access to a group's resources, opportunities, rights and privileges is known as gender:

answer

stratification

question

Medical data indicate that ___________ of individuals are born without the biological traits that make them easily classified biologically as male or female

answer

less than 2 percent

question

Anne Fausto-sterling's analysis of biological sexual identity identifies:

answer

four sexes, including hijras

question

In Kano, Nigeria, Rudolf Gaudio found that the code term for men who have sex with other men is:

answer

masu harka

question

_____________ are key cultural institutions through which we learn what it means to be heterosexual

answer

weddings

question

Masu harka and yan daudu see homosexual behavior as:

answer

compatible with marrying women and having families, and as compatible with their Muslim faith

question

Mapping the global scope of diverse human sexual beliefs and behaviors is called the:

answer

ethnocartography of human sexuality

question

Individuals learn basic patterns of human behavior from their families in a process termed:

answer

enculturation

question

Which of the following types of marriage consists of one individual married to one other individual only (most commonly one man married to one woman)?

answer

monogamy

question

A patrilineal descent group traces kinships through which side of the family?

answer

fathers

question

__________ is a gift exchange practice that helps stabilize a marriage by establishing a vested interest for both the groom's and bride's extended families in the success of the marriage

answer

bridewealth

question

Which of the following types of descent groups traces kinship through both the mother and the father?

answer

ambilineal

question

Kinship includes:

answer

biological descent and marriage alliances, but also practices such as fostering and fictive kin

question

Which of the following statements about kinship is true?

answer

kinship is the system that determines who is related to whom in a given society

question

individuals in descent groups whose primary relationships are determined in the United States via "blood" relations are generally called which of the following types of relatives?

answer

consanguineal

question

Nation-states draw heavily on ideas of which of the following in order to create a sense of connection among very different people found within their national borders?

answer

kinship and family

question

the practice of exchanging a gift from the groom and his family to the bride's family in order to formalize and legalize the marriage is called:

answer

bridewealth

question

New kinship groups created through affinal relationships are:

answer

linked through affinity and alliance, not through shared biology or common descent

question

ida susser's initial research focused on:

answer

the student movement at Kent State University (Ohio)

question

Through the Zar Cult of Sudan, women:

answer

resisted subordination by speaking out while in a trance state

question

Individuals whose culture identifies them as "neither man nor women" in India are called:

answer

hijras

question

Studies of physical differences indicate that:

answer

human male and female bodies are more similar than different

question

the "wedding industry" is which of the following?

answer

the network of commercial activities and social institutions that market weddings in the United States

question

All the women in Patty Kelly's research in a brothel in Chiapas, Mexico, used the brothel as a way to do all of the following, EXCEPT:

answer

work out unresolved childhood issues

question

Which of the following is NOT a motivation that cultural anthropologist Denise Brennan lists for young, rural, poor Dominican women to migrate to towns like Sosua?

answer

to have a vacation

question

Which of the following does NOT fit in the definition of sexuality in the text?

answer

the public display of wealth to gain community status

question

Clans that do not permit marriages within the group are considered:

answer

exogamous

question

Early anthropologists identified how many primary systems used to classify relatives in the parental generation, including the bifurcate merging system?

answer

four

question

Both matrilineal and patrilineal patterns of descent build kinship groups through either one genealogical line (the mother's side) or the other (the father's side), which reflects which type of descent?

answer

unilineal

question

Which of the following terms is defined as the system of meaning and power that cultures create to determine who is related to whom and to define their mutual expectations, rights, and responsibilities?

answer

kinship

question

Enculturation that takes place within a family shapes individuals' lives:

answer

outside of the household, including ways they think about gender roles, the division of labor, religious practices, warfare, politics, migration, and nationalism

question

Looking cross-culturally, anthropologists argue that:

answer

definitions of marriage vary across cultures and over time

question

Which type of assisted reproductive technology involves the implantation of a woman's egg that has been fertilized in a laboratory?

answer

in vitro fertilization

question

Ambilineal descent groups such as Samoans, Maori, and Hawaiians are sometimes referred to as:

answer

cognatic descent groups

question

The concept of kinship groups based chiefly on biological assumptions and the nuclear family consisting of solely a mother, a father, and their children is:

answer

a Euro-American ideal

question

Which of the following cultures has generally NOT constructed large social networks based on descent and kinship connections?

answer

United States

question

Artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, surrogacy, and cloning are four forms of which of the following types of technologies?

answer

reproductive

question

Which of the following are the two primary forms of gift exchange that formalize and legalize marriages, while establishing a relationship tie or alliance between kinship groups?

answer

bridewealth and dowry

question

A type of descent group that is based on a claim to a founding ancestor but lacks genealogical documentation is a:

answer

clan

question

First cousin marriages (between the children of two siblings) are legally prohibited:

answer

in some states in the United States of America

question

Max Weber referred to the opportunities that individuals have to improve their quality of life and realize their life goals as:

answer

life chances

question

According to Max Weber, the reputation, influence, and deference bestowed on certain people because of their membership in certain groups are called:

answer

prestige

question

Pierre Bourdieu worked to understand the relationship between class, culture, and power by examining which of the following phenomenon in schools?

answer

social reproduction

question

Anthropologists such as Setha Low have demonstrated that class is largely invisible in the United States due to which of the following actions carried out by portions of the population?

answer

voluntary isolation

question

According to Karl Marx, the bourgeoisie consisted of a capitalist class of individuals who owned the means of:

answer

production

question

Working-class people who lacked land to grow their own food, tools to make their own products, and capital to build workshops and therefore had to sell their labor were considered which of the following classes of people, according to Karl Marx?

answer

proletariat

question

Systems of class stratify individuals' life chances and affect their possibilities for upward social:

answer

mobility

question

Patterns of reciprocity:

answer

still exist, even in contemporary societies that base economic relations on the exchange of money for services.

question

Archaeological evidence suggests that hierarchy, violence, and aggression:

answer

emerged relatively recently in human history

question

The unequal distribution of a society's resources within a class system typically:

answer

involves moving surpluses steadily upward into the hands of the elite

question

Karl Marx argued that the proletariat were unable to develop a political awareness of their class position because:

answer

they were continually occupied with the struggle to make ends meet

question

Which of the following is a pattern of relationship in which group members equally share resources and responsibilities over time based on mutual exchange?

answer

reciprocity

question

For a chief in a ranked society, his or her rank and status are reinforced through reciprocity and:

answer

generosity

question

Theorist Pierre Bourdieu found that which of the following systems did not provide opportunities for social class mobility, but instead helped reproduce the social class relations that already existed?

answer

educational

question

Proponents of poverty as a structural problem trace its roots to dysfunctional aspects of the:

answer

economic system

question

A marginalized group outside of India's primary castes who are typically assigned the most spiritually polluting work and are deemed "untouchable" by the general population are the:

answer

Dalits

question

Globalization has produced unprecedented opportunities for the creation of wealth:

answer

but it has also produced widespread poverty worldwide

question

For Bourdieu, which of the following concepts is defined as a set of common perceptions that shape expectations and aspirations and guide an individual in assessing his or her life chances and the potential for social mobility?

answer

habitus

question

Karl Marx argued that capitalists increased their wealth by extracting the surplus labor value from which of the following?

answer

workers

question

Which of the following is a type of society that is based on the sharing of resources to ensure group success with a relative absence of hierarchy and violence within or among groups?

answer

egalitarian

question

Which of the following is defined as a closed system of social stratification in which members are organized into hierarchically ranked groups with unequal access to rewards and privileges based on ascribed status?

answer

caste

question

As a ritual ceremony, the potlatch serves to establish social status not by wealth and power but by the prestige earned via a person's capacity for which of the following?

answer

generosity

question

In addition to the role of the media and voluntary isolation among portions of the population, which of the following also contributes to the invisibility of class and inequality in the United States?

answer

consumer culture

question

Of all the systems of stratification and power in a society, which of the following is commonly the most difficult to see clearly and to discuss openly?

answer

class

question

Categories found within a class system serve as a basis for unequal access to which of the following?

answer

status

question

Which of the following consists of wages earned from work, plus dividends and interest on investments along with rents and royalties?

answer

income

question

Karl Marx argued that the proletariat were unable to develop a political awareness of their class position because

answer

they were continually occupied with the struggle to make ends meet

question

Which of the following is a type of status that is established and changeable during a person's lifetime?

answer

achieved

question

Countries such as Norway, Sweden, and Denmark are among those that have explicitly worked to narrow stratification through high taxation of wealth and which of the following efforts?

answer

generous social benefits

question

A famous redistribution ceremony that is commonly practiced among Native American groups such as the Kwakiutl of the Pacific Northwest is called:

answer

potlatch

question

Which of the following is a system of power based on wealth, income, and status that creates an unequal distribution of a society's resources?

answer

class

question

Cousins who are children of a father's brother or a mother's sister are considered which type of cousin?

answer

parallel cousins

question

Most people in the world practice which type of descent as their primary strategy to track kin group membership?

answer

patrilineal

question

The process through which a sense of gender becomes normative and seems natural is called:

answer

enculturation

question

The United States requires that individuals identify legally as:

answer

either male or female

question

Anthropologist Patty Kelly found that men who visited the brothel in Chiapas were mostly:

answer

local working-class men

question

________________ is a social scientist who wrote about the link between sexuality and power, describing the ways that sexuality is an arena in which appropriate behavior is defined, relations of power are worked out, and inequality and stratification are created, enforced, and contested.

answer

Michel Foucault

question

All of the women in Patty Kelly's research in a brothel in Chiapas, Mexico, used the brothel as a way to do all of the following, EXCEPT:

answer

work out unresolved childhood issues

question

A key group that the credit card industry in the United States explicitly targets is:

answer

college students.

question

The belief that one's own culture or way of life is normal and natural, and viewing the different practices of other people as strange and unnatural, is called:

answer

ethnocentrism

question

Culture is more than a set of ideas or patterns of behavior shared by a group of people because it also includes which of the following general mechanisms created by people to promote and maintain their core values?

answer

powerful institutions

question

Which of the following is defined as fundamental ideas about what is important, what makes a good life, and what is true, right, and beautiful?

answer

values

question

In order to engage in cultural relativism as a research strategy, anthropologists must:

answer

attempt to understand a group's beliefs and practices within their own cultural context.

question

Which of the following is defined as the process of learning culture?

answer

enculturation

question

The uneven distribution of resources and privileges, often along lines of gender, racial or ethnic group, class, age, family, religion, sexuality, or legal status, is termed:

answer

stratification.

question

Early anthropologists suggested that all cultures would naturally evolve through the same sequence of stages, a concept known as:

answer

unilineal cultural evolution.

question

Franz Boas (1858-1942) rejected unilineal cultural evolution, advocating for which of the following approaches instead?

answer

historical particularism

question

From the film, Sex and Social Dance, we learn that:

answer

Societal change can be "charted" on the dance-floor: as societies change, so, too, might the forms of dance.

question

________ influences what people consider unthinkable or undoable thoughts, which leads to the establishment of "natural truths" among a group of people.

answer

The hegemony of ideas

question

Margaret Mead (1901-1979) was a student of Franz Boas, and her research suggested the powerful role of ________ in shaping behavior, especially behavior that has powerful biological origins.

answer

enculturation

question

According to the film, "Sex and Social Dance," ballroom dancing in the U.S.:

answer

-Shows a romantic, rather than sexual, image of the couple who are supposed to move with each other in perfect harmony.

question

People are biological creatures as well as rational human beings. In order to gain a complete understanding of any aspect of human behavior, the field of anthropology adopts what strategy?

answer

four-field approach

question

Which of the following is a powerful enculturation tool that teaches us how to be "successful" in consumer culture?

answer

advertising

question

Ideas or rules about how people should behave in particular situations or toward certain other people are considered:

answer

norms.

question

Cultural anthropologists like to hang out with the people they are studying as they work, celebrate, dance, or play games, and ask lots of questions while they are doing it. This is known as:

answer

participant observation.

question

Changes in communication technology that have allowed military spouses to switch from mailing letters to their partners in Afghanistan to chatting with them on Skype are an example of what dynamic of globalism?

answer

time-space compression

question

Individuals and groups have the power to contest cultural norms, values, mental maps of reality, symbols, institutions, and structures of power, which is a potential known as:

answer

agency.

question

South Korea has developed amazingly, with huge corporations making vast amounts of money and giving everyone there a high standard of living, while the vast majority of people in the Central American nation of Guatemala are plagued by extreme poverty, violence, and poor living conditions. This is an example of:

answer

uneven development.

question

Humans learn culture from people and cultural institutions that surround them:

answer

over their entire lives.

question

An emic approach to the study of culture is one that emphasizes:

answer

The description of a culture from the point of view of the members of the culture.

question

Global forces are expanding rapidly and moving into local communities everywhere. The author notes that many people in local communities respond with:

answer

active resistance.

question

During Dr. Baxter's field research, she "ate out of the wrong side of the platter" when she was invited to eat in the home of a Palestinian family. This is an example of:

answer

The misunderstandings that can occur when a researcher (or other outsider) to do participant observation.

question

Culture is a shared experience that is:

answer

constantly contested, negotiated, and changing.

question

The export of television shows worldwide and the knowledge of other cultures that is subsequently disseminated to even remote areas of the world are an example of which of the following concepts?

answer

cosmopolitanism

question

In the 1920s, Italian immigrants were considered dark, strange, and often subhuman by the "white" majority in the United States, who were then primarily of northern European descent. But today, the descendants of these immigrants are considered ordinary "white" folk. This demonstrates the concept of:

answer

assimilation.

question

A questionable science that claims to be improving the human race by advocating in favor of certain races and unequal treatment for others is:

answer

eugenics

question

The Indian American community has broken down many old barriers once held in India, but has chosen to deny efforts by the members of the South Asian Lesbian and Gay Alliance (SALGA) to participate in the India Day Parade. This illustrates the concept of:

answer

ethnic boundary markers.

question

Anthropological research reveals that most ethnic groups and nations are recent historical creations, our connection to people within these groups is relatively new, and our shared traditions are recently invented. In addition, most members will never meet each other. Therefore, most nations today are:

answer

imagined communities.

question

A marriage between a white person and someone of an "inferior race" was referred to as:

answer

miscegenation.

question

Chinese immigrants in the United States have a long history, but many Chinese American communities still have a distinct Chinese character where they retain many aspects of traditional Chinese cultures. This example illustrates the concept of:

answer

multiculturalism.

question

The ________ is composed of strategies for production, distribution, and consumption of goods.

answer

economy

question

The idea that government policies should favor people born in the United States over immigrants such as Mexicans or Canadians (legal or otherwise) is known as:

answer

nativism

question

A person who believes that Italians are somehow "inferior" and therefore refuses to give an Italian person a job is demonstrating:

answer

individual racism.

question

The desire of Scots to have their own independent country of Scotland, separate from the United Kingdom, which they are a part of now, illustrates the concept of:

answer

nationalism.

question

What study claims to be a science, but in reality only promotes the idea that biological races exist and favors one race over others?

answer

eugenics

question

According to the lecture on 'The Global Economy', outsourcing and offshoring are the primary strategies used under flexible accumulation, because ______________.

answer

These strategies drastically reduce the cost of production.

question

In Zimbabwe, guerrilla fighters turned to spirit mediums to receive the blessing of ancient Shona kings and gain legitimacy and unity in their fight against British colonialism. This allowed them to promote what concept?

answer

nationalism

question

Based on the lecture on 'The Global Economy', which of the following statements best reflects the meaning of Wallerstein's theory of core and periphery?

answer

-Core nations and peripheral nations are in an integrated economic relationship with one another. A relationship that is increasingly tied to international political systems.

question

Practices like segregation that separate groups of people and relegate one group to inferior conditions like run-down schools while the other group gets top-of-the-line schools with the latest equipment is an example of:

answer

institutional racism.

question

The British Empire's military, economic, and political control over Malaysia was an aspect of British:

answer

colonialism.

question

Wealth is a factor in determining race in what two countries?

answer

Brazil and the Dominican Republic

question

As part of a territorial conflict in Bosnia, ethnic Croats expelled, imprisoned, or killed the Muslim people who they had lived peacefully next door to for more than five hundred years. This illustrates the concept of:

answer

ethnic cleansing.

question

Prior to 1800, the French were a scattered collection of urban and rural people who spoke different languages, celebrated different holidays and festivals, and practiced different religions. Then, in the early 1800s, the development of schools and a road system brought people closer together, and along with a growing economy and a national language united them as French, rather than Gascons, Burgundians, and Parisians. This illustrates the idea of:

answer

ethnogenesis.

question

The Tutsi and Hutu originally considered themselves a single group of people differing primarily by occupation; however, the Belgium colonial administration began treating the pastoral Tutsi people as different and superior to the Hutu farmers. Eventually, these two groups of people began to see each other as different as well. This is an example of:

answer

ethnogenesis

question

Investigations of Côte d'Ivoire do not reveal which of the following complex dynamics seen in the global economy?

answer

commodity chains that help to reinforce distinct national territories

question

Modernization is best defined as:

answer

a theory that predicts that former colonies would progress along the same lines as the industrialized nations.

question

The widespread idea in the nineteenth century that it was okay to discriminate against nonwhite people (Italian, Irish, Jewish, and African) because they were biologically different, and not fully human, was called:

answer

white supremacy.

question

The goods exchanged in the Triangle Trade did not include:

answer

drugs.

question

In Jewish tradition, in order to be Jewish, a person must have a Jewish mother, follow the Jewish religion, and abide by kosher food limitations. While these are not ironclad, these customs set off traditional Jewish people from others and demonstrate the concept of:

answer

ethnic boundary markers.

question

A set of ideas about a group of people, such as "All Irishmen are drunks who beat their wives" or "All Arabs are terrorists," that then makes it seem natural and normal to discriminate against them is referred to as:

answer

racist ideology.

question

Matthew Gutmann's research in Mexico indicates that:

answer

masculine identity is in flux and negotiable.

question

Which of the following is key to the social reproduction of class and was defined as the knowledge, practices, and tastes learned from parents and family that people use to gain access to scarce and valuable resources in society?

answer

cultural capital

question

According the the film, China Blue, migrant girls often remain in factories they dislike because:

answer

Without permission to leave by the factory owner/manager, a girl will likely not receive her 1st month's pay as it is held by the factory.

question

According to Karl Marx, the bourgeoisie consisted of a capitalist class of individuals who owned the means of:

answer

production

question

According the film, Caste at Birth:

answer

-The ideology of the caste system is based on Hindu teachings.

question

Patterns of reciprocity:

answer

still exist, even in contemporary societies that base economic relations on the exchange of money for services.

question

An example of an achieved status is:

answer

Occupation.

question

A famous redistribution ceremony that is commonly practiced among Native American groups such as the Kwakiutl of the Pacific Northwest is called:

answer

potlatch.

question

The preferred term for individuals of an alternate gender in Native American cultures is:

answer

Two-Spirits.

question

In China Blue, factory owner Mr. Lam:

answer

Feels intense pressure from the corporations that he supplies and so maintains harsh conditions to remain competitive.

question

Ascribed status is defined as:

answer

A social position that a person is born into.

question

Which of the following members of a ranked society do not accumulate great wealth, despite their high prestige?

answer

chiefs

question

Violence perpetuated through sexually related physical assaults such as rape is called:

answer

sexual violence.

question

In the film, Subtext of a Yale Education, New Haven, CT (where Yale University is located):

answer

is the 4th poorest city in its size category in the U.S.

question

An uneven distribution of power and access to resources, opportunities, rights, and privileges in which gender shapes who has access to a group's resources, opportunities, rights, and privileges is known as gender:

answer

stratification.

question

Women who form intimate spiritual, emotional, and sexual relationships with other women in Paramaribo, Suriname, are called:

answer

mati.

question

DOMA, the Defense of Marriage Act, stated which of the following about marriage?

answer

Marriage is the legal union between one man and one woman.

question

________ is the term anthropologists use to refer to physical differences in primary and secondary sexual characteristics.

answer

Sexual dimorphism

question

Which of the following is a type of society that is based on the sharing of resources to ensure group success with a relative absence of hierarchy and violence within or among groups?

answer

egalitarian

question

Hegemony is best is best described as:

answer

Ideologies or patterns of belief usually constructed by elites that attempt to justify the stratification system, making it part of the dominant cultural pattern.

question

Inequalities of wealth, power, privilege, and access to resources, coupled with poor health that impacts victims' lives in painful ways, are known as:

answer

structural violence

question

In the film, The Subtext of a Yale Education, the term subcontracting refers to:

answer

Hiring non-union workers, generally at lower wages.

question

Anthropologists define ________ as the expectations of thought and behavior that each culture assigns to individuals.

answer

gender

question

The "wedding industry" is which of the following?

answer

the network of commercial activities and social institutions that market weddings in the United States

question

The income gaps between the highest earners and the lowest earners in the United States have:

answer

increased substantially during the past five decades due to changes in the tax code and stagnating salaries.

question

Sex tourists in the Dominican Republic are typically:

answer

white European men.

question

An independent territory under the control of a centralized government that makes laws and exercises military, economic, and political power to maintain order and defend this territory is a political structure known as a:

answer

state.

question

The traditional political system of Micronesia of matrilineal clans headed by chiefs and dispersed across many islands, which allows them to readily recover from disastrous situations, is known as:

answer

chiefdoms.

question

Foragers move over a particular territory and form small, kin-based groups that are referred to as:

answer

bands

question

What is the primary difference between Illunga's and Mike's initial interpretations of Illunga's fish harvest? (Illunga's was the first fish harvest).

answer

Illunga is happy because he was able to both share fish and make some money, but Mike believes it was a failure because the profit was minimal.

question

The dominant group in a state reinforces its ability to create consent and agreement about what is normal and appropriate through the promotion of intense feelings of:

answer

nationalism.

question

In the film, The Kayapo Out of the Forest, the Kayapo tribes of Brazilian Indians were attempting to:

answer

-Bring international attention to their cause.

question

Modernization of agricultural production in Malaysia led to increasing inequality between the rich and the poor, but the poor laborers were able to find ways to resist the domination of the wealthy without risking confrontation through foot-dragging, slowdowns, false compliance with regulations, theft, sabotage, trickery, and arson. These are all examples of:

answer

agency.

question

Multiband groups of indigenous people who live outside the control of a centralized state and see themselves as one people with their own sets of leaders and loyalties are referred to as:

answer

tribes

question

Which of these is a true statement about modern warfare in state societies?

answer

The negative impact on women is greater than that on men.

question

The ability of a dominant group to create consent and agreement within a population without the use or threat of force is referred to as:

answer

hegemony.

question

Sexual violence by combatants during warfare can be considered a "weapon of war" for the following reason(s):

answer

-It increases the incentive for civilian's to flee the warzone.

question

What does Mike realize about the importance of children in Kalambayans hunt together?

answer

-Children frequently die and therefore having many children is highly valued.

question

What is the significance of the insult muena tshitua in Kalambayan culture?

answer

It is the worst insult because life depends on sharing. "Greedy"

question

What does Mike ultimately come to understand about his consumption of Tshitshampa (the local Kalambayan alcohol)?

answer

That it numbed the pain of witnessing death and poverty daily.

question

Did Belgian colonial cotton production improve and sustain travel and transportation between Kalambyi and the rest of Zaire (DRC)?

answer

No. The Belgian roads, bridges and ferries were not maintained as cotton lost its value.

question

How did the experience of colonialism shape the Kalambayans' response to Mike Tidwell's offer to teach them fish farming?

answer

Their experience of producing for the profit of white people leads them to be distrustful of Mke.

question

In the film, The Kayapo Out of the Forest, technology played a critical role in the protest of the dam. What was this role?

answer

The Kayapo used film technology to publicize their message in Brazil and around the world.

question

What is the ndondo and what role does it play in Kalambayan politics?

answer

It is a past sacrifice that can give one man the awareness and power of all living animals. Three candidates for chief claim to be its rightful inheritors.

question

The ability of a person, group, or institution to use action or influence to affect change is known as:

answer

power.

question

The economically efficient strategy of cooperative gathering, coordinated hunting, and reciprocal sharing of resources while resisting hierarchy and domination sustained human beings through most of our existence and is referred to as:

answer

egalitarianism

question

What seems to increase the likelihood of conflict and warfare in humans?

answer

Industrialization.

question

When people engage in contentious politics outside the mainstream political process to address specific social issues such as inequality or injustice in an effort to transform cultural patterns or government policies, this is known as a:

answer

social movement.

question

In a capitalist economic system:

answer

-Most people sell their labor for money.

question

The following statement(s) can be made about "comfort women" during WW2:

answer

Comfort women were really sex slaves, forced to "service" Japanese soldiers.

question

Which of these is NOT a common feature of warfare in state societies?

answer

Inter-state warfare is virtually identical to predatory killing.

question

The Occupy Wall Street movement was able to gain support by focusing on inequality with the motto "We are the 99 percent," and combining physical and virtual elements of their protest. This is an example of:

answer

the framing process.

question

The forces that spur migration from the country of origin and draw new immigrants to a particular new destination country.

answer

Pushes and pulls

question

The factors that enable or inhibit migration

answer

Bridges and barriers

question

The movement of people facilitated by the support of networks of family and friends who have already immigrated.

answer

Chain migration

question

An organization created for mutual support by immigrants from the same home town or region

answer

Hometown association

question

Resources transferred from migrants working abroad to individuals, families, and institutions in their country of origin

answer

Remmittances

question

An accumulation of factors that create a culture in which migration comes to be expected

answer

Cumulative causation

question

A person who moves in search of a low-skill and low-wage job, often filling an economic niche that native-born workers will not fill

answer

Labor immigrant

question

A policy that allows labor immigrants to enter a country temporarily to work

answer

Guest worker program

question

A highly trained individual who moves to fill an economic niche in a middle-class profession often marked by shortages in the receiving country

answer

Professional Immigrant

question

Migration of highly skilled professionals from developing countries to developed countries

answer

Brain drain

question

Assets and skills such as language, education, and social networks that can be mobilized in lieu of or as complementary to financial capital.

answer

Social capital

question

A person who moves to a new location to conduct trade and establish business

answer

Entrepreneurial immigrant

question

A person who has been forced to move beyond his or her national borders because of persecution, armed conflict, or natural disasters

answer

Refugee

question

A person who has been forced to move within his or her country of origin because of persecution, armed conflict, or natural disasters.

answer

Internally displaced person

question

A person who left his or her home country as an adult

answer

First-generation immigrant

question

The child of immigrants who is born and raised in the new host country

answer

Second-generation immigrant

question

The child of immigrants who is born in the family's home country but at a young age moves with his or her parents to a new host country

answer

1.5 generation immigrant

question

The movement of people within their own national borders

answer

Internal migration

question

The practice of maintaining active participation in social, economic, religious, and political spheres across national borders

answer

Transnationalism

question

The absence of disease and infirmity, as well as the presence of physical, mental, and social well-being

answer

Health

question

A discrete natural entity that can be clinically identified and treated by health professionals

answer

Disease

question

The individual patient's experience of sickness

answer

Illness

question

Local systems of health and healing rooted in culturally specific norms and values

answer

Ethnomedicine

question

The documentation and description of the local use of natural substances in healing remedies and practices

answer

Ethnopharmacology

question

A practice often associated with Western medicine, that seeks to apply the principles of biology and the natural sciences to the practice of diagnosing disease and promoting health

answer

Biomedicine

question

The complete collection of microorganisms in the human body's ecosystem

answer

Human microbiome

question

The significant improvements in human health made over the course of the twentieth century that were not, however, distributed evenly across the world's population

answer

Health transition

question

An approach to the study of health and illness that analyzes the impact of inequality and stratification within systems of power on individual and group health outcomes

answer

Critical medical anthropology

question

The movement of diseases, medical treatments, and entire health care systems, as well as those seeking medical care, across national borders

answer

Medical migration

question

The intersection of multiple cultural approaches to healing

answer

Medical pluralism 1

question

The personal stories that people tell to explain their illnesses

answer

Illness narratives

question

Hmong refugees, quag dab peg (what the Hmong people called the illness), seizures, doctor treated her caused the big seizure that made her go brain dead, thought she was going to die but lived until she was 30 through the treatment of her parents. Example of...

answer

Medical pluralism 2

question

"urban" decay

answer

Clarkston

question

What study claims to be a science, but in reality only promotes the idea that biological races exist and favors one race over others? a. Zionism b. fascism c. institutional racism d. segregation e. eugenics

answer

e. eugenics

question

In Zimbabwe, guerrilla fighters turned to spirit mediums to receive the blessing of ancient Shona kings and gain legitimacy and unity in their fight against British colonialism. This allowed them to promote what concept? a. resistance b. spiritualism c. defiance d. nationalism e. colonialism

answer

d. nationalism

question

The British Empire's military, economic, and political control over Malaysia was an aspect of British: a. fascism. b. raj. c. colonialism. d. globalism. e. imperialism.

answer

c. colonialism.

question

According to the lecture on 'The Global Economy', outsourcing and offshoring are the primary strategies used under flexible accumulation, because ______________. a. Both strategies promote economic equality. b.These strategies drastically reduce the cost of production. c. Both strategies are a central aspect of Fordism d. These strategies enable peripheral countries to become core countries e. Because these strategies inevitably lead to economic stability among peripheral nations.

answer

b.These strategies drastically reduce the cost of production.

question

A questionable science that claims to be improving the human race by advocating in favor of certain races and unequal treatment for others is: a. eugenics. b. Aryanism. c. institutional racism. d. fascism. e. nativism

answer

a. eugenics.

question

Anthropological research reveals that most ethnic groups and nations are recent historical creations, our connection to people within these groups is relatively new, and our shared traditions are recently invented. In addition, most members will never meet each other. Therefore, most nations today are: a. imagined communities. b. conglomerates. c. nation-states. d. empires. e. achieved entities.

answer

a. imagined communities.

question

Chinese immigrants in the United States have a long history, but many Chinese American communities still have a distinct Chinese character where they retain many aspects of traditional Chinese cultures. This example illustrates the concept of: a. integration. b. biculturalism. c. amalgamation. d. multiculturalism. e. naturalization.

answer

d. multiculturalism.

question

Based on the lecture on 'The Global Economy', which of the following statements best reflects the meaning of Wallerstein's theory of core and periphery? a. Core nations and peripheral nations are in an integrated economic relationship with one another. A relationship that is increasingly tied to international political systems. b. The core and periphery are abstract concepts that have limited real life application. c. Core nations are most often former colonial powers, while peripheral nations are most often formerly colonized nations. d. Colonialism does not contribute to the determination of which nations make up core and which nations become the periphery. e. Both a and c.

answer

e. Both a and c.

question

In the 1920s, Italian immigrants were considered dark, strange, and often subhuman by the "white" majority in the United States, who were then primarily of northern European descent. But today, the descendents of these immigrants are considered ordinary "white" folk. This demonstrates the concept of: a. incorporation. b. indoctrination. c. nationalization. d. assimilation. e. segregation.

answer

d. assimilation.

question

The widespread idea in the nineteenth century that it was okay to discriminate against nonwhite people (Italian, Irish, Jewish, and African) because they were biologically different, and not fully human, was called: a. institutional racism. b. eugenics. c. white supremacy. d. miscegenation. e. fascism.

answer

c. white supremacy.

question

The desire of Scots to have their own independent country of Scotland, separate from the United Kingdom, which they are a part of now, illustrates the concept of: a. nationalism. b. partition. c. schism. d. separation. e. dominion.

answer

a. nationalism.

question

Prior to 1800, the French were a scattered collection of urban and rural people who spoke different languages, celebrated different holidays and festivals, and practiced different religions. Then, in the early 1800s, the development of schools and a road system brought people closer together, and along with a growing economy and a national language united them as French, rather than Gascons, Burgundians, and Parisians. This illustrates the idea of: a. ethnic making. b. nation building. c. dominion. d. unification. e. ethnogenesis.

answer

e. ethnogenesis.

question

however, the Belgium colonial administration began treating the pastoral Tutsi people as different and superior to the Hutu farmers. Eventually, these two groups of people began to see each other as different as well. This is an example of: a. ethnogenesis. b. apartheid. c. colonialism. d. ethnic making. e. ethnic division.

answer

a. ethnogenesis.

question

The Indian American community has broken down many old barriers once held in India, but has chosen to deny efforts by the members of the South Asian Lesbian and Gay Alliance (SALGA) to participate in the India Day Parade. This illustrates the concept of: a. ethnic boundary markers. b. control of identity. c. rationalization of self. d. ethnogenesis. e. ethnic making.

answer

a. ethnic boundary markers.

question

Wealth is a factor in determining race in what two countries? a. Brazil and the United States b. the Dominican Republic and Malaysia c. Brazil and the Dominican Republic d. Malaysia and United States e. Brazil and Malaysia

answer

c. Brazil and the Dominican Republic

question

A person who believes that Italians are somehow "inferior" and therefore refuses to give an Italian person a job is demonstrating: a. nativism. b. fascism. c. racist ideology. d. individual racism. e. eugenics.

answer

d. individual racism.

question

Franz Boas rejected unilinear cultural evolution, advocating for which approach instead?

answer

Historical particularism

question

Culture is a shared experience that is

answer

constantly contested, negotiated, and changing

question

Culture is more than a set of ideas or patterns of behavior shared by a group of people because it also includes

answer

powerful institutions

question

Early anthropologists suggested that all cultures would naturally evolve through the same sequence of stages, a concept known as

answer

unilineal cultural evolution

question

Margaret Mead was a student of Franz Boas, and her research suggested the powerful role of ________ in shaping behavior, especially behavior that has powerful biological origins.

answer

enculturation

question

South Korea has developed amazingly, with huge corporations making vast amounts of money and giving everyone there a high standard of living, while the vast majority of people in the Central American nation of Guatemala are plagued by extreme poverty, violence, and poor living conditions. This is an example of:

answer

uneven development

question

________ influences what people consider unthinkable or undoable thoughts, which leads to the establishment of "natural truths" among a group of people.

answer

the hegemony of ideas

question

The uneven distribution of resources and privileges, often along lines of gender, racial or ethnic group, class, age, family, religion, sexuality, or legal status, is termed:

answer

stratification

question

Ideas or rules about how people should behave in particular situations or toward certain other people are considered:

answer

norms

question

According to the film, "Sex and Social Dance," ballroom dancing in the U.S.:

answer

1. Shows a romantic, rather than sexual, image of the couple who are supposed to move with each other in perfect harmony.

question

The belief that one's own culture or way of life is normal and natural, and viewing the different practices of other people as strange and unnatural, is called:

answer

ethnocentralism

question

Individuals and groups have the power to contest cultural norms, values, mental maps of reality, symbols, institutions, and structures of power, which is a potential known as:

answer

agency

question

A key group that the credit card industry in the United States explicitly targets is:

answer

college students

question

The export of television shows worldwide and the knowledge of other cultures that is subsequently disseminated to even remote areas of the world are an example of which of the following concepts?

answer

cosmopolitanism

question

Humans learn culture from people and cultural institutions that surround them:

answer

over their entire lives

question

Which of the following is defined as the process of learning culture?

answer

enculturation

question

During Dr. Baxter's field research, she "ate out of the wrong side of the platter" when she was invited to eat in the home of a Palestinian family. This is an example of:

answer

The misunderstandings that can occur when a researcher (or other outsider) does participant observation.

question

Which of the following is a powerful enculturation tool that teaches us how to be "successful" in consumer culture?

answer

advertising

question

Which of the following is defined as fundamental ideas about what is important, what makes a good life, and what is true, right, and beautiful?

answer

values

question

In order to engage in cultural relativism as a research strategy, anthropologists must:

answer

attempt to understand a group's beliefs and practices within their own cultural context

question

Global forces are expanding rapidly and moving into local communities everywhere. The author notes that many people in local communities respond with:

answer

active resistance

question

From the film, Sex and Social Dance, we learn that:

answer

societal change can be "charted" on the dance floor: as societies change, so, too, might the forms of dance

question

Cultural anthropologists like to hang out with the people they are studying as they work, celebrate, dance, or play games, and ask lots of questions while they are doing it. This is known as:

answer

participant observation

question

Changes in communication technology that have allowed military spouses to switch from mailing letters to their partners in Afghanistan to chatting with them on Skype are an example of what dynamic of globalism?

answer

time-space compression

question

People are biological creatures as well as rational human beings. In order to gain a complete understanding of any aspect of human behavior, the field of anthropology adopts what strategy?

answer

four-field approach

question

An emic approach to the study of culture is one that emphasizes:

answer

the description of a culture from the point of view of the members of the culture

question

A marriage between a white person and someone of an "inferior race" was referred to as:

answer

miscegenation

question

In the 1920s, Italian immigrants were considered dark, strange, and often subhuman by the "white" majority in the United States, who were then primarily of northern European descent. But today, the descendents of these immigrants are considered ordinary "white" folk. This demonstrates the concept of:

answer

assimilation

question

In Zimbabwe, guerrilla fighters turned to spirit mediums to receive the blessing of ancient Shona kings and gain legitimacy and unity in their fight against British colonialism. This allowed them to promote what concept?

answer

nationalism

question

A set of ideas about a group of people, such as "All Irishmen are drunks who beat their wives" or "All Arabs are terrorists," that then makes it seem natural and normal to discriminate against them is referred to as:

answer

racist ideology

question

The British Empire's military, economic, and political control over Malaysia was an aspect of British:

answer

colonialism

question

Practices like segregation that separate groups of people and relegate one group to inferior conditions like run-down schools while the other group gets top-of-the-line schools with the latest equipment is an example of:

answer

institutional racism

question

A person who believes that Italians are somehow "inferior" and therefore refuses to give an Italian person a job is demonstrating:

answer

individual racism

question

According to the lecture on 'The Global Economy', outsourcing and offshoring are the primary strategies used under flexible accumulation, because ______________.

answer

these strategies drastically reduce the cost of production

question

The Tutsi and Hutu originally considered themselves a single group of people differing primarily by occupation; however, the Belgium colonial administration began treating the pastoral Tutsi people as different and superior to the Hutu farmers. Eventually, these two groups of people began to see each other as different as well. This is an example of:

answer

ethnogenesis

question

Anthropological research reveals that most ethnic groups and nations are recent historical creations, our connection to people within these groups is relatively new, and our shared traditions are recently invented. In addition, most members will never meet each other. Therefore, most nations today are:

answer

imagined communities

question

The idea that government policies should favor people born in the United States over immigrants such as Mexicans or Canadians (legal or otherwise) is known as:

answer

nativism

question

Based on the lecture on 'The Global Economy', which of the following statements best reflects the meaning of Wallerstein's theory of core and periphery?

answer

1. Core nations and peripheral nations are in an integrated economic relationship with one another- a relationship that is increasingly tied to international political systems.

question

The widespread idea in the nineteenth century that it was okay to discriminate against nonwhite people (Italian, Irish, Jewish, and African) because they were biologically different, and not fully human, was called:

answer

white supremacy

question

As part of a territorial conflict in Bosnia, ethnic Croats expelled, imprisoned, or killed the Muslim people who they had lived peacefully next door to for more than five hundred years. This illustrates the concept of:

answer

ethnic cleansing

question

The desire of Scots to have their own independent country of Scotland, separate from the United Kingdom, which they are a part of now, illustrates the concept of:

answer

nationalism

question

In Jewish tradition, in order to be Jewish, a person must have a Jewish mother, follow the Jewish religion, and abide by kosher food limitations. While these are not ironclad, these customs set off traditional Jewish people from others and demonstrate the concept of:

answer

ethnic boundary markers

question

The ________ is composed of strategies for production, distribution, and consumption of goods.

answer

economy

question

Investigations of Côte d'Ivoire do not reveal which of the following complex dynamics seen in the global economy?

answer

commodity chains that help to reinforce distinct national territories

question

The goods exchanged in the Triangle Trade included:

answer

fur, sugar, cotton, and people

question

The Indian American community has broken down many old barriers once held in India, but has chosen to deny efforts by the members of the South Asian Lesbian and Gay Alliance (SALGA) to participate in the India Day Parade. This illustrates the concept of:

answer

ethnic boundary markers

question

Wealth is a factor in determining race in what two countries?

answer

Brazil and the Dominican Republic

question

A questionable science that claims to be improving the human race by advocating in favor of certain races and unequal treatment for others is:

answer

eugenics

question

Prior to 1800, the French were a scattered collection of urban and rural people who spoke different languages, celebrated different holidays and festivals, and practiced different religions. Then, in the early 1800s, the development of schools and a road system brought people closer together, and along with a growing economy and a national language united them as French, rather than Gascons, Burgundians, and Parisians. This illustrates the idea of:

answer

ethnogenesis

question

What study claims to be a science, but in reality only promotes the idea that biological races exist and favors one race over others?

answer

eugenics

question

Modernization is best defined as:

answer

a theory that predicts that former colonies would progress along the same lines as the industrialized nations

question

Chinese immigrants in the United States have a long history, but many Chinese American communities still have a distinct Chinese character where they retain many aspects of traditional Chinese cultures. This example illustrates the concept of:

answer

multiculturalism

question

The income gaps between the highest earners and the lowest earners in the United States have ___ due to ____

answer

increased substantially during the past five decades due to change in the tax code and stagnating salaries

question

Anthropologists define ________ as the expectations of thought and behavior that each culture assigns to individuals.

answer

gender

question

The "wedding industry" is which of the following?

answer

the network of commercial activities and social institutions that market weddings in the United States

question

Which of the following members of a ranked society do not accumulate great wealth, despite their high prestige?

answer

chiefs

question

Matthew Gutmann's research in Mexico indicates that:

answer

masculine identity is in flux and negotiable

question

Patterns of reciprocity:

answer

still exist, even in contemporary societies that base economic relations on the exchange of money for services

question

An example of achieved status is

answer

occupation

question

In the film, The Subtext of a Yale Education, the term subcontracting refers to:

answer

hiring non-union workers, generally at lower wages

question

DOMA, the Defense of Marriage Act, stated which of the following about marriage?

answer

marriage is the legal union between one man and one woman

question

According to the film, Caste at Birth:

answer

1. the ideology of the caste system is based on hindu teachings

question

According to the film, China Blue, migrant girls often remain in factories they dislike because

answer

Without permission to leave by the factory owner/manager, a girl will likely not receive her 1st month's pay as it is held by the factory

question

Women who form intimate spiritual, emotional, and sexual relationships with other women in Paramaribo, Suriname, are called:

answer

mati

question

Hegemony is best described as:

answer

Ideologies or patterns of beliefs usually constructed by elites that attempt to justify the stratification system, making it part of the dominant cultural pattern

question

In the film, Subtext of a Yale Education, New Haven, CT (where Yale University is located):

answer

is the 4th poorest city in its size category in the U.S.

question

According to Karl Marx, the bourgeoisie consisted of a capitalist class of individuals who owned the means of:

answer

production

question

Which of the following is a type of society that is based on the sharing of resources to ensure group success with a relative absence of hierarchy and violence within or among groups?

answer

egalitarian

question

The preferred term for individuals of an alternate gender in Native American cultures is:

answer

Two-Spirits

question

Ascribed status is defined as:

answer

a social position that a person is born into

question

Violence perpetuated through sexually related physical assaults such as rape is called:

answer

sexual violence

question

An uneven distribution of power and access to resources, opportunities, rights, and privileges in which gender shapes who has access to a group's resources, opportunities, rights, and privileges is known as gender:

answer

stratification

question

A famous redistribution ceremony that is commonly practiced among Native American groups such as the Kwakiutl of the Pacific Northwest is called:

answer

potlatch

question

________ is the term anthropologists use to refer to physical differences in primary and secondary sexual characteristics.

answer

sexual dimorphism

question

Inequalities of wealth, power, privilege, and access to resources, coupled with poor health that impacts victims' lives in painful ways, are known as:

answer

structural violence

question

Sex tourists in the Dominican Republic are typically

answer

white European men

question

In China Blue, factory owner Mr. Lam

answer

Feels intense pressure from the corporations that he supplies and so maintains harsh conditions to remain competitive

question

Which of the following is key to the social reproduction of class and was defined as the knowledge, practices, and tastes learned from parents and family that people use to gain access to scarce and valuable resources in society?

answer

cultural capital

question

Margaret Mead (1901-1979) was a student of Franz Boas, and her research suggested the powerful role of ________ in shaping behavior, especially behavior that has powerful biological origins

answer

Enculturation

question

Which of the following is a powerful enculturation tool that teaches us how to be "successful" in consumer culture?

answer

Advertising

question

Ideas or rules about how people should behave in particular situations or toward certain other people are considered:

answer

Norms

question

In order to engage in cultural relativism as a research strategy, anthropologists must:

answer

attempt to understand a group's beliefs and practices within their own cultural context.

question

The uneven distribution of resources and privileges, often along lines of gender, racial or ethnic group, class, age, family, religion, sexuality, or legal status, is termed

answer

stratification

question

Cultural anthropologists like to hang out with the people they are studying as they work, celebrate, dance, or play games, and ask lots of questions while they are doing it. This is known as:

answer

participant observation

question

Humans learn culture from people and cultural institutions that surround them:

answer

over their entire lives

question

________ influences what people consider unthinkable or undoable thoughts, which leads to the establishment of "natural truths" among a group of people.

answer

the hegemony of ideas

question

According to the film, "Sex and Social Dance," ballroom dancing in the U.S.:

answer

Shows a romantic, rather than sexual, image of the couple who are supposed to move with each other in perfect harmony.

question

A key group that the credit card industry in the United States explicitly targets is:

answer

college students

question

Culture is a shared experience that is:

answer

constantly contested, negotiated, and changing.

question

Individuals and groups have the power to contest cultural norms, values, mental maps of reality, symbols, institutions, and structures of power, which is a potential known as:

answer

agency

question

An emic approach to the study of culture is one that emphasizes:

answer

The description of a culture from the point of view of the members of the culture.

question

Global forces are expanding rapidly and moving into local communities everywhere. The author notes that many people in local communities respond with:

answer

active resistance

question

People are biological creatures as well as rational human beings. In order to gain a complete understanding of any aspect of human behavior, the field of anthropology adopts what strategy?

answer

four-feild approach

question

The export of television shows worldwide and the knowledge of other cultures that is subsequently disseminated to even remote areas of the world are an example of which of the following concepts?

answer

cosmopolitan

question

Changes in communication technology that have allowed military spouses to switch from mailing letters to their partners in Afghanistan to chatting with them on Skype are an example of what dynamic of globalism?

answer

time space compression

question

South Korea has developed amazingly, with huge corporations making vast amounts of money and giving everyone there a high standard of living, while the vast majority of people in the Central American nation of Guatemala are plagued by extreme poverty, violence, and poor living conditions. This is an example of:

answer

uneven development

question

The belief that one's own culture or way of life is normal and natural, and viewing the different practices of other people as strange and unnatural, is called:

answer

ethnocentrism.

question

Culture is more than a set of ideas or patterns of behavior shared by a group of people because it also includes which of the following general mechanisms created by people to promote and maintain their core values?

answer

powerful institutions

question

Which of the following is defined as fundamental ideas about what is important, what makes a good life, and what is true, right, and beautiful?

answer

values

question

From the film, Sex and Social Dance, we learn that:

answer

Societal change can be "charted" on the dance-floor: as societies change, so, too, might the forms of dance.

question

Which of the following is defined as the process of learning culture?

answer

enculturation

question

Franz Boas (1858-1942) rejected unilineal cultural evolution, advocating for which of the following approaches instead?

answer

historical particularism

question

Early anthropologists suggested that all cultures would naturally evolve through the same sequence of stages, a concept known as:

answer

unilineal cultural evolution.

question

During Dr. Baxter's field research, she "ate out of the wrong side of the platter" when she was invited to eat in the home of a Palestinian family. This is an example of:

answer

Rudeness that caused a fundamental breach in Dr. Baxter's relations with her consultants.

question

Prior to 1800, the French were a scattered collection of urban and rural people who spoke different languages, celebrated different holidays and festivals, and practiced different religions. Then, in the early 1800s, the development of schools and a road system brought people closer together, and along with a growing economy and a national language united them as French, rather than Gascons, Burgundians, and Parisians. This illustrates the idea of:

answer

ethnogenesis.

question

A questionable science that claims to be improving the human race by advocating in favor of certain races and unequal treatment for others is:

answer

eugenics

question

The ________ is composed of strategies for production, distribution, and consumption of goods.

answer

economy

question

In the 1920s, Italian immigrants were considered dark, strange, and often subhuman by the "white" majority in the United States, who were then primarily of northern European descent. But today, the descendents of these immigrants are considered ordinary "white" folk. This demonstrates the concept of:

answer

assimilation

question

The widespread idea in the nineteenth century that it was okay to discriminate against nonwhite people (Italian, Irish, Jewish, and African) because they were biologically different, and not fully human, was called:

answer

white supremacy

question

Investigations of Côte d'Ivoire do not reveal which of the following complex dynamics seen in the global economy?

answer

commodity chains that help to reinforce distinct national territories

question

The British Empire's military, economic, and political control over Malaysia was an aspect of British:

answer

colonialism

question

a theory that predicts that former colonies would progress along the same lines as the industrialized nations.

answer

Modernization is best defined as:

question

According to the lecture on 'The Global Economy', outsourcing and offshoring are the primary strategies used under flexible accumulation, because ______________.

answer

These strategies drastically reduce the cost of production.

question

A person who believes that Italians are somehow "inferior" and therefore refuses to give an Italian person a job is demonstrating:

answer

individual racism

question

Practices like segregation that separate groups of people and relegate one group to inferior conditions like run-down schools while the other group gets top-of-the-line schools with the latest equipment is an example of:

answer

institutional racism

question

Chinese immigrants in the United States have a long history, but many Chinese American communities still have a distinct Chinese character where they retain many aspects of traditional Chinese cultures. This example illustrates the concept of:

answer

multiculturalism

question

A marriage between a white person and someone of an "inferior race" was referred to as:

answer

miscegenation

question

The Indian American community has broken down many old barriers once held in India, but has chosen to deny efforts by the members of the South Asian Lesbian and Gay Alliance (SALGA) to participate in the India Day Parade. This illustrates the concept of:

answer

ethnic boundary markers

question

In Jewish tradition, in order to be Jewish, a person must have a Jewish mother, follow the Jewish religion, and abide by kosher food limitations. While these are not ironclad, these customs set off traditional Jewish people from others and demonstrate the concept of:

answer

ethnic boundary markers

question

The Tutsi and Hutu originally considered themselves a single group of people differing primarily by occupation; however, the Belgium colonial administration began treating the pastoral Tutsi people as different and superior to the Hutu farmers. Eventually, these two groups of people began to see each other as different as well. This is an example of:

answer

ethno genesis

question

Wealth is a factor in determining race in what two countries?

answer

Brazil and the Dominican Republic

question

The desire of Scots to have their own independent country of Scotland, separate from the United Kingdom, which they are a part of now, illustrates the concept of:

answer

nationalism

question

Based on the lecture on 'The Global Economy', which of the following statements best reflects the meaning of Wallerstein's theory of core and periphery?

answer

Core nations and peripheral nations are in an integrated economic relationship with one another. A relationship that is increasingly tied to international political systems.

question

The goods exchanged in the Triangle Trade did not include:

answer

drugs

question

A set of ideas about a group of people, such as "All Irishmen are drunks who beat their wives" or "All Arabs are terrorists," that then makes it seem natural and normal to discriminate against them is referred to as:

answer

racial ideology

question

Anthropological research reveals that most ethnic groups and nations are recent historical creations, our connection to people within these groups is relatively new, and our shared traditions are recently invented. In addition, most members will never meet each other. Therefore, most nations today are:

answer

imagined community

question

As part of a territorial conflict in Bosnia, ethnic Croats expelled, imprisoned, or killed the Muslim people who they had lived peacefully next door to for more than five hundred years. This illustrates the concept of:

answer

ethnic cleansing

question

The idea that government policies should favor people born in the United States over immigrants such as Mexicans or Canadians (legal or otherwise) is known as

answer

nativism

question

In Zimbabwe, guerrilla fighters turned to spirit mediums to receive the blessing of ancient Shona kings and gain legitimacy and unity in their fight against British colonialism. This allowed them to promote what concept?

answer

nationalism

question

What study claims to be a science, but in reality only promotes the idea that biological races exist and favors one race over others

answer

eugenics

question

Matthew Gutmann's research in Mexico indicates that

answer

masculine identity is in flux and negotiable.

question

According the the film, China Blue, migrant girls often remain in factories they dislike because:

answer

Without permission toleave by the facotry owner/manager, a girl will likely not receive her 1st month's pay as it is held by the factory.

question

Hegemony is best is best described as

answer

Ideologies or patterns of belief usually constructed by elites that attempt to justify the stratification system, making it part of the dominant cultural pattern.

question

________ is the term anthropologists use to refer to physical differences in primary and secondary sexual characteristics.

answer

sexual dimorphism

question

The "wedding industry" is which of the following?

answer

the network of commercial activities and social institutions that market weddings in the United States

question

Which of the following is a type of society that is based on the sharing of resources to ensure group success with a relative absence of hierarchy and violence within or among groups?

answer

egalitarian

question

According the film, Caste at Birth:

answer

The ideology of the caste system is based on Hindu teachings. // Dalits (or "untouchables") work at jobs that are considered to be impure. // It is typical for members of the upper castes to think the system is fair.

question

In the film, Subtext of a Yale Education, New Haven, CT (where Yale University is located):

answer

is the 4th poorest city in its size category in the U.S.

question

The income gaps between the highest earners and the lowest earners in the United States have:

answer

increased substantially during the past five decades due to changes in the tax code and stagnating salaries.

question

In China Blue, factory owner Mr. Lam:

answer

Feels intense pressure from the corporations that he supplies and so maintains harsh conditions to remain competitive.

question

Ascribed status is defined as:

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A social position that a person is born into

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An uneven distribution of power and access to resources, opportunities, rights, and privileges in which gender shapes who has access to a group's resources, opportunities, rights, and privileges is known as gender:

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stratification

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Sex tourists in the Dominican Republic are typically:

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white European men

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The preferred term for individuals of an alternate gender in Native American cultures is:

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two-spirits

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Inequalities of wealth, power, privilege, and access to resources, coupled with poor health that impacts victims' lives in painful ways, are known as:

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structural violence

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In the film, The Subtext of a Yale Education, the term subcontracting refers to

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Hiring non-union workers, generally at lower wages.

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DOMA, the Defense of Marriage Act, stated which of the following about marriage?

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Marriage is the legal union between one man and one woman.

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Anthropologists define ________ as the expectations of thought and behavior that each culture assigns to individuals.

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gender

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Which of the following is key to the social reproduction of class and was defined as the knowledge, practices, and tastes learned from parents and family that people use to gain access to scarce and valuable resources in society?

answer

cultural capital

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Which of the following members of a ranked society do not accumulate great wealth, despite their high prestige?

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chiefs

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Women who form intimate spiritual, emotional, and sexual relationships with other women in Paramaribo, Suriname, are called:

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mati

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A famous redistribution ceremony that is commonly practiced among Native American groups such as the Kwakiutl of the Pacific Northwest is called:

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potlach

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An example of an achieved status is:

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occupation

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The ability of a person, group, or institution to use action or influence to affect change is known as:

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power

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Foragers move over a particular territory and form small, kin-based groups that are referred to as:

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bands

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What is the significance of the insult muena tshitua in Kalambayan culture?

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It is the worst insult because life depends on sharing.

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The economically efficient strategy of cooperative gathering, coordinated hunting, and reciprocal sharing of resources while resisting hierarchy and domination sustained human beings through most of our existence and is referred to as:

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egalitarianism

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The ability of a dominant group to create consent and agreement within a population without the use or threat of force is referred to as:

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hegemony

question

Which of these is NOT a common feature of warfare in state societies?

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Inter-state warfare is virtually identical to predatory killing.

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Sexual violence by combatants during warfare can be considered a "weapon of war" for the following reason(s)

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It increases the incentive for civilian's to flee the warzone.

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What seems to increase the likelihood of conflict and warfare in humans?

answer

Industrialization

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The following statement(s) can be made about "comfort women" during WW2:

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Comfort women were really sex slaves, forced to "service" Japanese soldiers.

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Did Belgian colonial cotton production improve and sustain travel and transportation between Kalambyi and the rest of Zaire (DRC)?

answer

No. The Belgian roads, bridges and ferries were not maintained as cotton lost its value.

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The dominant group in a state reinforces its ability to create consent and agreement about what is normal and appropriate through the promotion of intense feelings of:

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nationalism

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When people engage in contentious politics outside the mainstream political process to address specific social issues such as inequality or injustice in an effort to transform cultural patterns or government policies, this is known as a:

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social movement

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The traditional political system of Micronesia of matrilineal clans headed by chiefs and dispersed across many islands, which allows them to readily recover from disastrous situations, is known as:

answer

chiefdoms

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An independent territory under the control of a centralized government that makes laws and exercises military, economic, and political power to maintain order and defend this territory is a political structure known as a:

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state

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The Occupy Wall Street movement was able to gain support by focusing on inequality with the motto "We are the 99 percent," and combining physical and virtual elements of their protest. This is an example of:

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the framing process

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Multiband groups of indigenous people who live outside the control of a centralized state and see themselves as one people with their own sets of leaders and loyalties are referred to as:

answer

tribes

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In the film, The Kayapo Out of the Forest, the Kayapo tribes of Brazilian Indians were attempting to:

answer

Bring international attention to their cause.

question

What is the primary difference between Illunga's and Mike's initial interpretations of Ilunga's fish harvest? (Ilunga's was the first fish harvest).

answer

Ilunga is happy because he was able to both share fish and make some money, but Mike believes it was a failure because the profit was minimal.

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What does Mike realize about the importance of children in Kalambayans hunt together?

answer

Children frequently die and therefore having many children is highly valued.

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In the film, The Kayapo Out of the Forest, technology played a critical role in the protest of the dam. What was this role?

answer

The Kayapo used film technology to publicize their message in Brazil and around the world.

question

Which of these is a true statement about modern warfare in state societies?

answer

The negative impact on women is greater than that on men.

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How did the experience of colonialism shape the Kalambayans' response to Mike Tidwell's offer to teach them fish farming?

answer

Their experience of producing for the profit of white people leads them to be distrustful of Mike.

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What does Mike ultimately come to understand about his consumption of Tshitshampa (the local Kalambayan alcohol)?

answer

That it numbed the pain of witnessing death and poverty daily.

question

Modernization of agricultural production in Malaysia led to increasing inequality between the rich and the poor, but the poor laborers were able to find ways to resist the domination of the wealthy without risking confrontation through foot-dragging, slowdowns, false compliance with regulations, theft, sabotage, trickery, and arson. These are all examples of:

answer

agency

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In a capitalist economic system:

answer

Most people sell their labor for money.

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What is the ndondo and what role does it play in Kalambayan politics?

answer

It is a past sacrifice that can give one man the awareness and power of all living animals. Three candidates for chief claim to be its rightful inheritors.

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