1&2 Psych Test
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\"Why\" questions refer to which of psychology's goals... a. description b. understanding c. providing d. prescription e. protection
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b
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Before going to college you must take the SAT because psychologists believe that they can _____ your success in college based on your score a. predict b. understand c. describe d. prescribe e. profit from
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a
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Psychology's past is centuries old because it is an outgrowth of which of the following disciplines a. philosophy b. biology c. anthropology d. alchemy e. Christianity
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a
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The Father of Psychology and the founder of the first psychological laboratory was a. B. F. Skinner b. Sigmund Freud c. John B. Watson d. Wilhelm Wundt e. William James
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d
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The structuralist school of psychology a. used introspection to analyze conscious experience b. relied heavily on the concept of natural selection c. was concerned with experiences as \"wholes\" d. used dream analysis to reveal the unconscious e. focused almost exclusively on self-actualization
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a
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Structuralism was trying to do with conscious experience what a. functionalism did with concepts b. psychology did with introspection c. physics did with relativity d. chemistry did with atoms and elements e. humanists did with fulfilling potential
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d
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The American Psychologist associated with functionalism is a. William James b. B.F. Skinner c. Edward Titchener d. John Watson e. Wilhelm Wundt
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a
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The functionalists were interested in how thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and habits help people and animals a. form meaningful Gestalts b. experience the phi phenomenon c. adapt to their environment d. for connections between stimuli and responses e. think critically when solving problems
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c
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The structuralists differed from the functionalists primarily in their a. use of experimental techniques b. attempt to analyze experience into basic elements c. use of introspection to study mental life d. desire to help clients reach self-actualization e. belief that the mind was the subject matter of psychology
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b
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A social scientist who characterizes his work as the study of the relationship between environmental events and the behavior they produce without regard for experience or consciousness in a a. functionalist b. structuralist c. Gestalt psychologist d. behaviorist e. psychoanalyst
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d
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According to John B. Watson, psychology is the study of a. the mind b. conscious experience c. mental states d. behavior e. our nervous systems
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d
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According to John B. Watson, introspection was a. a valid method of research b. unscientific c. the cornerstone of behaviorism d. the study of the mind in use e. a variable that adds reliability to research
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b
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\"Experience cannot be analyzed successfully into its elements\" would likely be said by a a. Gestalt psychologist b. behaviorist c. structuralist d. functionalist e. humanist
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a
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Of the following, who is associated with the Gestalt school of psychology? a. Pavlov b. Skinner c. Wertheimer d. Watson e. Freud
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c
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The psychodynamic view emphasizes the role of _____ in development a. external rewards b. internal impulses, desires and conflicts c. subjective experiences, potentials and ideals d. physiology, genetics, biochemistry and evolution e. nature as well as nurture
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b
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Of the following, who is associated with psychodynamic psychology? a. Rogers b. Wundt c. Freud d. James e. Skinner
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c
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Psychodynamic psychology differs from other approaches because it is based on ... a. animal rather than human models b. thoughts and impulses outside of conscious experience c. introspection by trained subjects d. laboratory studies in controlled settings e. the nature vs. nurture argument
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b
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Freud stresses the role of ______ in shaping our personalities a. the structure of the mind b. the function of our behaviors c. our history of rewards and punishments d. the unconscious e. core values and standards
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d
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The perspective that emphasizes free will, self-actualization, and the self image is a. humanistic psychology b. behaviorist psychology c. psychoanalytic psychology d. functional psychology e. structuralism
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a
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Of the theorists listed below, who helped develop the humanistic approach a. Rogers b. Skinner c. Wundt d. Freud e. James
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a
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John B. Watson was a pioneer in which of the following perspectives of psychology? a. biological b. functionalism c. psychoanalytic d. structuralism e. behaviorism
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e
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Psychologists who specialize in the treatment of human emotional problems are called ______ psychologists a. psychiatric b. personality c. clinical d. consulting e. humanistic
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c
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Psychiatrists differ from psychologists in that psychiatrists... a. are physicians with a specialization in abnormal behavior and psychotherapy b. are extensively trained in the theories and techniques of Sigmund Freud c. are generally more eclectic than psychologists d. have a Masters Degree or a Ph. D. with special training in psychological theory and research methods e. cannot prescribe drugs
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a
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Who among the following can prescribe drugs to treat emotional problems? a. psychiatrist b. social worker c. psychologist d. Gestalt therapist
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a
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A psychologist may... a. teach b. do research c. serve as a consultant to business, industry, government... d. perform all of the above e. perform none of the above
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d
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Those who label themselves as applied researchers a. seek information for which practical uses are planned b. probably are involved in direct counseling of patients in a clinic c. are applying psychological skills in a job situation d. seek knowledge for its own sake e. focus exclusively on reviewing case studies to gain knowledge
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a
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Those who label themselves as \"basic researchers\" a. seek information for which immediate uses are planned b. probably are involved in direct counseling of patients in a clinic c. are applying psychological skills in a job situation d. seek knowledge for its own sake e. study the uses and side effects of psychodynamic drugs
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d
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________ is the ability to evaluate, compare, analyze, critique, and synthesize information a. hypothesize b. transductive thinking c. deductive thinking d. creative thinking e. critical thinking
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e
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A psychologist using the method of naturalistic observation would... a. carefully design controlled situations in which to observe behavior b. rely on observations of subjects' responses to questionnaires c. observe behavior as it happens outside the laboratory or clinic
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c
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The problem of observers seeing only what they expect to see is called.... a. observers bias b. the experimenter effect c. the effects of the observer d. the halo effect e. the hindsight bias
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a
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One who praises a dog for its loyalty and devotion to its master is committing a(n)... a. deductive-inductive confusion b. scientific generalization c. confusion of cause and effect d. error of critical analysis e. anthropomorphic fallacy
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e
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A correlation study is one that determines... a. the relationship between the independent and dependent variables b. the effects of the observer on the observed c. cause-effect relationships d. the relationship between two events e. causation
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d
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A correlation coefficient of -1.09 indicates a(n) a. strong positive correlation b. strong negative correlation c. cause-effect relationship d. lack of related variable e. error in computation
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e
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A negative correlation means that as one variable increases the other... a. increases b. decreases c. remains constant d. increases then decreases e. decreases then increases
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b
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Which of the following coefficients of correlation indicates the strongest relationship between the two variables? a. -.98 b. .9 c. 0 d. 1.2 e. .92
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a
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Correlation does not prove causation a. true b. false
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a
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An experiment is performed to see if background music improves learning. Two groups study the same material; one while listening to music and the other with out music. The independent variable is... a. learning b. size of the group c. material studied d. music e. time
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d
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The conditions that a researcher wishes to prevent from affecting the experiment are called a. constants b. dependent variables c. extraneous variables d. independent variables e. erroneous variables
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c
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_______ variables are the suspected cause in an experiment a. independent b. dependent c. extraneous d. erroneous e. control
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a
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In an experiment to find out if taking LSD increases IQ scores, the IQ scores would be a. the independent variable b. a control variable c. an extraneous variable d. the dependent variable e. the hypothesis
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d
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The chief function of a control group in an experiment is that it a. allows mathematical relationships to be established b. provides a point of reference against which the behavior of the experimental group can be compared c. eliminates all extraneous variables d. is not really necessary e. ensure a true representative sample of the population
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b
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When subjects in an experiment are chosen so that each has an equal chance of being in either the experimental or the control group, we say that the subjects have been assigned a. alternately b. hypothetically c. randomly d. consecutively e. purposefully
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c
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The statistical technique that combines results of a large number of studies is called a. experimental correlation b. statistical analysis c. theory review d. hypothetical analysis e. meta-analysis
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e
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In a weight reducution experiment, an overweight individual was given what the researcher called a new type of diet pill that would help curb his desire to eat. In fact, the pill really contained powdered milk, but ever since the individual started taking the pill he reported that his desire to eat decreased. This illustrates... a. curvilinear relationship b. effect of extraneous variables c. natural experiment d. hindsight bias e. placebo effect
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e
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You want to test peoples' reactions to a new artificial sweetener, and so you give them coffee with two different kinds of sweetener. Although you know which sweetener is which, you don't let them know which sweetener they are getting. This type of experiment is called... a. a double-blind experiment b. a single blind experiment c. placebo effect d. placebo bias e. observer effect
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b
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The experimenter effect refers to the a. tendency of experimenters to select promising subjects for research b. tendency of the subjects to alter the behavior of the experimenter c. importance of controlling the \"maze-bright\" effects in animal experiments d. tendency of the experimenter to purposely alter the results of the experiment e. tendency of experimenters ot influence subjects' behavior
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e
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A teacher believes that one group of children is very bright and that another group is below average in ability. Actually, the groups are identical, but the first group progresses more rapidly than the second. This demonstrates a. the self-fulfilling prophecy b. the placebo effect c. observer bias d. the ethical problems with field experiments e. the hindsight bias
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a
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An in-depth focus on a single individual best describes a. single-blind experiment b. double-blind experiment c. correlational study d. a reliable and valid study e. case study
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e
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The representative sample is an essential element of the a. survey method b. psychoanalytic method c. case study d. clinical method e. meta-analysis
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a
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Frequency distributions provide a method of a. measuring z-scorers b. extracting data c. making inferences d. determining standard deviation e. organizing and summarizing data
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e
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For a language test with normally distributed scores, the mean was 70 and the standard deviation was 10. Approximately what percentage of test takers scored a 60 or above? a. 16 b. 34 c. 68 d. 84 e. 95
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d
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Which of the following would be used to measure the relationship between age and reaction time? a. correlation b. central tendency c. a histogram d. standard deviation e. a t test
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a
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Of the following research methods, which can best establish a cause-and-effect relationship? a. naturalistic observation b. a survey c. a test d. a case study e. an experiment
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e
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A researcher studies the effects of brain lesions in rats. This research study reflects which of the following perspectives? a. cognitive b. biological c. behavioral d. humanistic e. psychoanalytic
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b
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A student hypothesizes that high school students that consume different flavors of a drink before a spelling test will perform differently. A study to test the hypothesis finds that with a bitter drink, performance is best 6 hours after drinking it, whereas with a sweet drink, performance is better 1 hour after drinking it. Which of the following are the independent variables? a. test scores and high school students b. test scores and time of consumption c. flavor of drink and time of consumption d. flavor of drink and high school students e. flavor of drink and test scores
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c
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A student hypothesizes that high school students that consume different flavors of a drink before a spelling test will perform differently. A study to test the hypothesis finds that with a bitter drink, performance is best 6 hours after drinking it, whereas with a sweet drink, performance is better 1 hour after drinking it. Which of the following is the dependent variable? a. flavor of drink b. participants' spelling test scores c. participants age d. time the drink was consumed e. number of drinks consumed
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b
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