10th Grade U.S. History final exam – Flashcards
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Vasco de Gama
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A Portugese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean
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Hernado Cortes
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Spanish explorer who conquered the Aztecs
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Vasco de Balboa
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First European to reach the Pacific Ocean, 1513.
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Ferdinand Magellan
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1st to circumnavigate the globe
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Amerigo Vespucci
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A mapmaker and explorer who said that America was a new continent, so America was named after him.
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Jamestown
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1st permanent English settlement in North America
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Reason for the founding of Plymouth
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Religious freedom
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William Bradford
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A pilgrim that lived in a north colony called Plymouth Rock in 1620. He was chosen governor 30 times. He also conducted experiments of living in the wilderness and wrote about them; well known for "Of Plymouth Plantation."
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Established Rhode Island
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Roger Williams
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Established Connecticut
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Thomas Hooker
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Thomas Paine
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Revolutionary leader who wrote the pamphlet Common Sense (1776) arguing for American independence from Britain. In England he published The Rights of Man
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Phillis Wheatley
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American poet (born in Africa) who was the first recognized Black writer in America (1753-1784)
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Captured the Hessians at Trenton
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George Washington
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Lost Battle of Saratoga
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General Burgoyne
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Victor at Fallen Timbers
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Mad Anthony Wayne
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Lost Battle of Yorktown
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General Cornwallis
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Leader of American Army during War for Independence
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George Washington
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William Blackstone
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Wrote commentaries on the Laws of England
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Father of the Constitution
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James Madison
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First chief justice of Supreme Court
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John Jay
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Established First National Bank
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Alexander Hamilton
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Stephen Decatur
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American naval hero of the War of 1812; "Our country, right or wrong!"
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Elected president in 1800
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Jefferson
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Lewis & Clark
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(1804-1806) Commissioned by Jefferson to map and explore the Louisiana Purchase region. Beginning at St. Louis, Missouri, the expedition travelled up the Missouri River to the Great Divide, and then down the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. It produced extensive maps of the area and recorded many scientific discoveries, greatly facilitating later settlement of the region and travel to the Pacific coast.
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Louisiana Purchase
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1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US.
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Year of "favorite sons" election
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1824- Adams son
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Isaac Backus
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Baptist pastor who worked to give America religious freedom
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Established spoils system
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Andrew Jackson
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Andrew Jackson's 2nd Vice President
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Martin Van Buren
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Commodore Matthew Perry
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American naval commander who demanded Japan open up to trade again
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Adoniram Judson
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Father of American Missions
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Webster-Ashburton Treaty
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1842 - Established Maine's northern border and the boundaries of the Great Lake states.
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California Gold Rush
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1849
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Noah Webster
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American writer who wrote textbooks to help the advancement of education. He also wrote a dictionary which helped standardize the American language.
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Oberlin College
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(AJ) , first college to teach women and African Americans
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Robert Fulton
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Along with Robert R Livingston, put the first steamboats into service in 1807.
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Eli Whitney
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Cotton Gin
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Elias Howe
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Sewing machine
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Cyrus Field
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Laid 1st transatlantic cable
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John Deere
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Steel plow
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Samuel Morse
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Telegraph
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Missouri Compromise
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"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.
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Proposed Kansas-Nebraska Bill
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Stephan Douglas
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Dred Scott
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American slave who sued his master for keeping him enslaved in a territory where slavery was banned under the missouri Compromise
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Free Soil Party founder
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1848 Martin Van Buren
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Fifty-four forty or fight
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slogan used in the 1844 presidential election as a call for us annexation of the Oregon territory. Polk
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Mexican dictator during Texas War for Independence.
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Santa Anna
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First president of "Lone Star Republic"
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Sam Houston
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President after Taylor
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Fillmore 1850
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Won election of 1856
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James Buchanan
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William Lloyd Garrison
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The Liberator
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Uncle Tom's Cabin
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(Harriet Beecher) Stowe 1852
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Jefferson Davis
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President of the Confederacy
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Robert E. Lee
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Confederate General
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Killed at Chancellorsville
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Stonewall Jackson
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Turning point of the Civil War
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Gettysburg
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Phrase added to coins during Civil War
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In God we trust
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Emancipation Proclamation
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Lincoln
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Ulysses S. Grant
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Union's best general
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William T. Sherman
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A Union general and friend of Grant that was given command of the push to the sea. One of the more competent Union generals, he secured the deep south by a total war policy.
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Surrender at Appomattox
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On April 9, 1865, General Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia.
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Lincoln's 2nd Vice President
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Andrew Johnson
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Union Party
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Temporary name for Republican party in 1864
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John Wilkes Booth
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..., was an American stage actor who, as part of a conspiracy plot, assassinated Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. on April 14, 1865.
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13th, 14th, 15th amendments
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13. abolished slavery, 14. Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws, 15. citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude
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Clara Barton
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Launched the American Red Cross in 1881. An "angel" in the Civil War, she treated the wounded in the field.
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Years of Reconstruction
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1865-1877
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Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan
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1. amnesty to all but few southerners who took oath of loyalty 2. 10% percent of state voters (1860 elect.) taken oath could organize state gov. 3. members of conf. gov officers of army, former federal judges, members of congress could not receive amnesty
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Freedmen's Bureau
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1865 - Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get jobs
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Up From Slavery
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Booker T. Washington
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Founded Tuskegee Institute
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Booker T. Washington
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President that removed federal troops from the South
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Rutherford B. Hayes
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Compromise of 1877
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..., Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river
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Carpetbaggers
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A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War; especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized situation in southern states;
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Scalawags
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A derogatory term for Southerners who were working with the North to buy up land from desperate Southerners
