World Literature II – Flashcards
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Who proposed in a satirical essay that providing a new source of "meat" from plump babies would boost the economy?
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Swift
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Who provides the persona of the satirical "wit" in Tartuffe?
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Dorine
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Which of Bacon's Idols refers to errors that develop through our associations with other men?
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The Market Place
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The American Declaration of Independence and The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen both reflect the philosophy of whom?
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John Locke
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According to Pope, Man does not have a "microscopic eye" because he is not a ____.
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a fly
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Who was born as Francois-Marie Arouet?
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Voltaire
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In Gulliver's Travels, who represents the true Neoclassic thought of the period?
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the Houyhnhnms
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Which character in Candide maintains that everything that happens is "the best of all possible worlds?"
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Dr. Pangloss
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Who said, "I think; therefore I am."?
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Rene Descartes
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Who wrote letters to King Louis KIV to persuade the king to allow the writer's works to be published?
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Moliere
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Which of the following is NOT one of the Neoclassic arguments against the King of Great Britain made by Thomas Jefferson in The American Declaration of Independence?
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He has conscripted slaves and bondmen into his service without the owner's permission.
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Why did the baron not allow Candide and Cunegonde to marry?
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because Candide is a commoner and probably a bastard child
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Who believed that man is born a blank slate?
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John Locke
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What playwright exposed hypocrisy of the Roman Catholic Church (while praising the king)with his use of satire?
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Moliere
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Who thought that men are by nature equal because although one may be stronger in body, the other may be stronger in mind?
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Thomas Hobbes
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Who wrote the fable "The Oak and the Reed"?
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La Fontaine
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Pope's An Essay on Man is divided into two parts or Epistles. The first division relates to the Nature and State of Man with respect to _____.
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the Universe
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Who was suspected of being a spy for Queen Elizabeth I?
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Francis Bacon
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Who outlined four Idols, or hindrances, that cause man to fail in reasoning properly?
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Alexander Pope
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Who is considered as the Father of Modern Philosophy?
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Rene Descartes
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Which character is dead at the end of the novel Candide?
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Jacques
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Who was known as the "Wasp of Twickenham"?
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Alexander Pope
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Pope's An Essay on Man is divided into two parts or Epistles. The second division relates to the Nature and State of Man with respect to _____.
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himself
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What does Cogito ergo sum mean?
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I think, therefore I am.
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Who thought one must divide difficulties into the smallest portions possible to examine each one?
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Rene Descartes
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When was The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen passed by the French National Assembly?
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August 27, 1789
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Who was born as Jean-Baptiste Pouquelin?
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Moliere
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New Organon was written by ____________ and was intended to provide a new method for man's attempt at reasoning. It included "The Four Idols."
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Francis Bacon
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Who thought men were at war with every other man?
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Thomas Hobbes
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Who represents hypocrisy in Tartuffe?
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Tartuffe
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Who developed the idea of the "Tabla Rasa"?
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John Locke
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Candide and Martin are arrested for being "suspicious strangers" in what European city?
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Paris
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Who thought the only thing more perfect than himself must be "God"?
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Rene Descartes
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After Candide leaves the baron's castle, where does Candide find Dr. Pangloss and the baron?
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in a Turkish chain gang
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In The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, the French National Assembly states that ignorance, forgetfulness, or contempt of the rights of man are the "sole causes" of what?
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government corruption
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After Cunegonde has endured many afflictions and much suffering, what has happened to her?
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She has grown ugly
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The red-headed yahoos in Gulliver's Travels represent what group of people?
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the Irish
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Who provides the persona of the Neoclassical "voice of reason" in Tartuffe?
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Cleante
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Gulliver finally realizes and accepts his comparison to the ___________, when the mistress Houyhnhnm shows Gulliver how the yahoos covet the shiny stones, and Gulliver realizes that he does the same and lies about it.
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the yahoos
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Who developed the precept never to accept anything as true until he recognized it to be clearly so?
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Rene Descartes
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What is Candide's philosophical advice at the end of the story on how to cope with one's life?
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Tend to your own garden
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Which of the following are characteristics of Neoclassicism?
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emphasis on reason and not emotions
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Which of Bacon's Idols refers to errors in thinking that develop though dogmas, philosophies, and lies?
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The Theatre
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Who was born in Ireland but became the most powerful English satirist?
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Swift
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Soldiers, turned cannibalistic, have eaten what part of an old woman's body in the novel Candide?
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her buttocks
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Why is Candid expelled from the baron's castle?
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for kissing Cunegonde
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Neoclassicism?
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looks to Nature for inspiration
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What is Candide doing at the end of the story?
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gardening
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Which of Bacon's Idols refers to flaws that are within our human nature?
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The Tribe
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Which philosopher's ideas of Optimism dealt with how one should live life in the face of the evil in the world?
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Wilhelm Leibnitz
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Which Romantic author blamed himself for his mother's death in Confessions?
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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Which Romantic author told of an incident in his childhood when he was falsely accused and punished so severely that he said, "...those moments will always be present to me though I should live a hundred thousand years..."?
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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Who wrote that we waste our time working and spending money and ignoring the natural world around us?
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William Wordsworth
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Who uses the examples of Julius Caesar, Alexander the Great, and Napoleon to illustrate his philosophical belief that extraordinary historical figures were driven by the own passions but unknowingly were actually leading mankind forward into the next stage of development?
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Friedrich Hegel
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Frankenstein ends as a series of _____.
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letters
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Which Romantic author and poet was the leader of the Romantic movement in France?
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Victor Hugo
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The opening of Faust is similar to what story from the Bible?
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Job
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Who wrote Frankenstein?
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Mary Shelley
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Which poem by Wordsworth proclaims that we are out of tune with Nature around us because we are too busy getting and spending?
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The World is Too Much With Us
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How did Frederick Douglass obtain his freedom?
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by purchasing it
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In "A Parody," Frederick Douglass uses satire to show the hypocrisy of his day by changing the words of what?
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a Southern hymn, "Heavenly Union"
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Wordsworth refers to nature as the _______ of his "purest thoughts, the nurse, the guide, the guardian of [his] heart, and soul..." ("Lines..." 89-110).
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anchor
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Which poem by Victor Hugo tells of Emperor Napoleon's campaign against Czar Alexander of Moscow, Russia, when the French army was sorely defeated by exposure to the cold, lack of adequate supplies, and sneak attacks at night by the Russian Cossacks?
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Russia 1812
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Which poet only had seven of her poems published during her lifetime and did not give her huge collection of non-published poems titles?
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Emily Dickinson
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Who was referred to as "The Modern Prometheus"?
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Frankenstein
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Who wrote Songs of Innocence?
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William Blake
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In "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd," who is the "bird" the poet encourages to sing on?
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slaves
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Which Romantic poet was born in the Lake District of England?
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William Wordsworth
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Author of Leaves of Grass, he was considered America's leading Romantic poet and was greatly influenced by the Civil War.
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Walt Whitman
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Victor Hugo divides poetry into three periods: the ode, the _____, and the drama.
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epic
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Who wrote Songs of Experience?
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William Blake
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Which Romantic poet, born in 1812, was married to the poet Elizabeth Barrett?
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Robert Browning
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In Robert Browning's "My Last Duchess," the Duke is showing a portrait of whom?
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his previous wife
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Which Romantic era poet always wore white and was quite eccentric?
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Emily Dickinson
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Mary Wollstonecraft thought the cause of women's misery in life was due to lack of _____.
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education
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Which poem by William Wordsworth was written when he revisited an old monastery and reminisced about how memories of the peace of Nature he had found there comforted him?
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"Lines...."
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Which Romantic author became the leader of the development of Russian literature?
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Alexander Pushkin
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Who taught Frederick Douglass to read and write?
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himself
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Who was credited as the leading poet of the Romantic movement in England?
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William Wordsworth
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Which Romantic author, born in 1799, was always in debt, and described money as a driving force in life equal to the drive for sex and food?
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Balzac
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The story Frankenstein begins in what setting?
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Russia
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the Romantic Period?
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Emphasis on country life
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Who wrote the preface for Fredrick Douglass' narrative
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William Lloyd Garrison
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Which Romantic author wrote The Human Comedy as a parallel of Dante's Divine Comedy?
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Balzac
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In Faust, who is Mephistopheles?
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the devil
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Which Romantic poet died of tuberculosis while in Rome?
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John Keats
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Who earned his living as an engraver rather than a poet?
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William Blake
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Balzac created an interlocking style of novels that included the same characters appearing in various interconnected works, a tactic later used by America's great Southern writer from Mississippi, ____________.
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William Faulkner
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Which Romantic poet, born in 1722, was a friend and co-writer of The Prelude with William Wordsworth?
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Samuel Coleridge
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Which poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson was inspired by a scene from Homer's Odyssey?
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"The Lotus-Eaters"
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Walt Whitman immortalized the death of which president in a poem?
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Abraham Lincoln
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Romantic writers looked to Nature for ____.
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inspiration
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Romanticism?
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values order
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Which Romantic poet, born in 1795, studied to be a surgeon but gave up medicine for poetry?
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John Keats
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Pushkin wrote "The Bronze Horseman" about which great Russian leader whose statute in St. Petersburg depicts the leader astride a horse with his hand upraised as if pointing the way to progress for the Russian people?
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Peter the Great
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In Emile, Rousseau outlined his views on ___________.
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education
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Which Romantic author was the son of a Swiss watchmaker in Geneva?
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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Which poem by John Keats depicts a painted wedding scene captured in time on a Greek vase?
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"Ode on a Greecian Urn"
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While in Switzerland, who gave a competitive challenge to write ghost stories to a group of friends, and Frankenstein was the resulting work produced?
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Lord Byron
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In "Lines..." (89-110), Wordsworth explains that he is a lover of the meadows, woods, and mountains because he feels a presence that gives him an elevated sense of ____.
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joy
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During the Realism Period, who created the term "sociology"?
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Auguste Comte
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Which author of the Naturalism Period developed "experimental" novels that explored social change?
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Emile Zola
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During which period of literature were plots focused on what seemed real to the Middle Class?
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Realism
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Who is the main character of "A Simple Heart"?
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Felicite
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Which author of the Naturalism Period focused his themes in a world stripped of faith?
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Doestovesky
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Which period of literature was led in America by William Dean Howells, Mark Twain, and Henry James?
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Realism
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Which period of literature focused on animalistic characters driven by hunger and sex?
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Naturalism
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During which period of literature did an exaggerated faith in science give rise to scientism?
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Realism
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Which character is a parrot?
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LouLou
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During which period of literature was there a rise in the Middle Class and revolutions which caused a turning point in Europe?
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Realism
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Who said that Realism was the "truthful treatment of material"?
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William Dean Howells
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Who said, "Tell me what you possess and I will tell you what you think."?
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Balzac
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Which Realism author said that an author, "in his work, must be like God in the Universe, present everywhere and visible nowhere"?
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Gustave Flaubert
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Who, in his Afterword to the Kreutzer Sonata, disagreed with the sexual promiscuity of his age, and although he thought the use of birth control was wrong, he did not approve of children being brought up to be "clean, white, plump, and handsome"?
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Leo Tolstoy
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During which period of literature did the author's voice become "invisible"?
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Realism
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From the ages of nine to nineteen,which Russian playwright, born in 1860, attended the local gymnasium, which means ___________?
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high school
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Which period of literature took off the previous period's "rose-colored glasses" and looked at real life?
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Realism
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Which period of literature focused on what seemed real to the middle class?
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Realism
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Who rejected the literature of the Naturalism Period because he thought it "wallowing in the troughs of Zolaism"?
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Alfred Lord Tennyson
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Which period of literature was led in America by Jack London, Upton Sinclair, and Theodore Dreiser?
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Naturalism
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Who said that religion is nothing more than a "symbolic dream" during the Realism Period?
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Ludwig Feuerbauch
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Who said in his "Letters" that a writer must be as objective as a chemist and lay aside his personal standpoint in his writing?
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Anton Chekov
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Who defined morality during the Realism Period as "the greatest good for the greatest number"?
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John Stuart Mill
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During the Realism Period, who focused on the societal and economic differences of the bourgeois and the proletariat and called for social revolution?
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Karl Marx
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During which period of literature were plots focused on the working class?
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Naturalism
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Jozef Teodor Konrad Nalecz Korzeniowski was the birth name of what Modern author?
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Joseph Conrad
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As The Nellie lay anchored on the Thames, who are the five men on board?
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Marlow, The Lawyer, the Accountant, the Captain, the narrator
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Which Russian political leader suppressed the publication of Anna Akhmatova's poetry?
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Stalin
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What did Franz Kafka want done with all his manuscripts upon his death?
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be destroyed
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Where have people of the Modern era tended to look for the answers to life questions?
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within themselves
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In "The Metamorphosis" the protagonist of the story wakes up one morning and realizes he has been transformed into a ____.
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giant insect
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In 1905, James Joyce submitted his first version of _________, which was rejected, and even after publication in 1914, the book was censored because of its obscenity and sexual content.
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Dubliners
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Joseph Conrad, the author of Heart of Darkness, spent 20 years as a _______________.
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sailor
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According to Charles Baudelaire in "To The Reader," who "pulls our waking-strings"?
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the devil
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What historical event had a major influence on the changes of Modern society and literature?
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World War 1
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In "The Metamorphosis" who delivers a deadly blow of embedding an apple in Gregor's back?
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his father
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In "Heart of Darkness" Mr. Kurtz goes "native" and displays what on poles?
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human heads
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Although he considered himself an atheist, what Modern writer was greatly influenced by Hasidic Judaism?
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Franz Kafka
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In "Paris by Day," Tristan Corbiere compares Paris to God's ____________.
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casserole
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Who was the Jewish lawyer from Prague who worked in an insurance office during the day and spent his night writing nightmarish stories?
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Franz Kafka
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Name two things or ideas that eroded in society during the Modern era.
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religious faith and superiority of man
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The Bildungsroman is what type of story that arose during the Modern Period?
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coming of age story
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In "An Odor of Verbena" the setting is about 10 years after _______.
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Civil War
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The story Heart of Darkness comes full circle with the setting-Marlow sitson the deck like a ____________ without the lotus flower.
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Buddha
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Which development in point of view originated during the Modern era?
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stream of consciousness
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Which Modern writer led an adventurous life at sea before he became an author?
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Joseph Conrad
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Mr. Kurtz in "Heart of Darkness" is the symbol of what belief of the modern age?
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Man is an animal in his natural state
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Who is the protagonist of "The Metamorphosis"?
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Gregor Samsa
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According to Paul Valery in "Asides," where are we all heading?
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toward death
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Which character in Heart of Darkness is considered to represent Joseph Conrad's alter ego?
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Marlow
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An overwhelming preoccupation with what is the most outstanding feature of the Modern Period?
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self
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The scent of verbena is associated with which character in Faulkner's story?
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Drusilla
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James Joyce worked for the city of Dublin as a _____________________.
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tax collector
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In Heart of Darkness as the boat is traveling on the river, who has left firewood for the steamer downstream?
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a Russian trader
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When the Nazis invaded France in 1940, James Joyce fled to __________, where he died the next year from an ulcer.
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Zurich
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Modern writers were preoccupied with _______________ and with the artistic process.
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themselves
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The literature of the Modern Period is a ______________ of the writing models from previous writers because Modern authors were searching for new forms.
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rejection
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Bayard, the protagonist in "An Odor of Verbena," is attending the University and studying what subject?
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Law
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What attitude of the Modern era is shown in the theme of "The Metamorphosis"?
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hopelessness
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The Eldorado Expedition in "Heart of Darkness" was sent to recover what valuable commodity from the African wilderness?
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ivory
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Where is The Nellie anchored at the beginning of the story, Heart of Darkness?
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the Thames River
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Franz Kafka wrote "Letter to His Father" in 1919, in which he admitted that he ___________ his father.
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feared
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Who wrote "An Odor of Verbena"?
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William Faulkner
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James Joyce is known for perfecting the narrative point of view technique known as ______.
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stream of consciousness
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What single style most characterizes the Modern literature?
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there isn't one
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"Heart of Darkness" thematically illustrates which of the following ideas?
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man's inhumanity to man
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In Conrad's Heart of Darkness, what items have been placed upon posts at the Inner Station?
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human heads
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How did Franz Kafka's family all die?
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in a Nazi concentration camp
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In Heart of Darkness, what were Kurtz's last words?
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The horror! The horror!
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What is the setting at the beginning of Conrad's Heart of Darkness?
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the Nellie
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Franz Kafka earned a doctorate degree in what academic area?
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Law
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Who wrote that God is dead?
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Nietzsche
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Who relates the story of Kurtz?
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Marlow
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According to Conrad's Heart of Darkness, Conrad thought the resources and people of __________ were being "shattered" by ivory hunters and gold and diamond seekers.
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Africa
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Whose intellectual theories greatly influenced the writers during the Modern Period?
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Marx and Darwin
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What African American writer, born in Natchez as the son of a sharecropper, made his way to Chicago, became a member of the Communist Party, later moved to New York, then Paris, and wrote Native Son and "The Man Who Lived Underground"?
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Richard Wright
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According to Marx, which of the following is considered the Working Class?
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proletariat
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What existentialist writer never married but had a long time relationship with another existentialist writer, Simone de Beauvoir?
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Jean-Paul Sartre
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According to Marx, which of the following is considered the class which controls the labor force and means of production?
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bourgeoisie
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In "The Man Who Lived Underground," what does the protagonist find lodged in the sewer?
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a dead baby
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Whose existentialist beliefs were an outgrowth of his sad and lonely childhood that caused him to retreat into fantasy but also led him to fight with the French Resistance during WWII?
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Jean-Paul Sartre
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Who called for a revolution against the capitalistic system that he felt widened the gap between the bourgeoisie and proletariat?
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Karl Marx
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Who wrote The Souls of Black Folk?
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W.E.B DuBois
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What African American writer created a tale of a Black man who escapes down a sewer drain while running from the police?
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Richard Wright
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What African American writer created a nameless character who lived underground in hiding?
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Richard Wright
