World History Unit 2 Test – Flashcards
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Agora
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a central spot in ancient Greek city-states, center of athletic, artistic, spiritual and political life of the city
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Alexander
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learned from Aristotle, crushed Theban army, sold people into slaves, burned city, became pharaoh in Egypt, destroyed Persian army
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Octavian
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Augustus; first emperor of Rome
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Aristotle
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studied at the Academy, interested in reason, clear and ordered thinking, rational, logic, process of making inferences
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Attila the Hun
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"The Scourge of God", led attack on Gaul
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Augustus
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title given to Octavian, means "The Revered One"
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Bread and Circuses
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a poet wrote that free food and entertainment will satisfy the common people and keep them from causing trouble
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Constantine
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converted to Christianity when he had a vision of the words "conquer" across the sky before a war, made Christianity legal in the empire, built new capital
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tribune
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an official in ancient Rome chosen by the plebeians to protect their interests
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Edict of Milan
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the agreement in 313 AD that made Christianity legal in the Roman Empire
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Constantinople
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made capital of Roman Empire, eastern half was richer
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Council of 500
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wrote laws that would be voted on by the Assembly
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Delian League
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founded in 478 BC, was an association of Greek city-states, created for defense
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Democracy
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consisted of three parts, "government by the people", developed in Athens
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Disciples
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Jesus' followers
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First Citizen
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Princeps, title for an emperor
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Forum
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Heart of Rome, public square, public addresses given here, Senate met here
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Gospels
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first four books of New Testament
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Greek Murals
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scenes from Iliad and Odyssey
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Hannibal Helots
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a member of the class of unfree men above slaves owned by the state
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Homer
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wrote greek epics; the Iliad and the Odyssey
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Archon
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the Chief of State, head of Assembly and Council of 500, served for one year but could be elected many times
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Hoplites
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a heavily armed foot soldier of ancient Greece
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Illiad
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story of Achilles and Hector
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Odyssey
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story of Odysseus trying to come home to Ithaca
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Julius Caesar
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became dictator in 44 BC, brought many changes, popular reforms, Senate feared him and killed him on the Ides of March
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Latin
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language of Rome
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Law of 12 Tables
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laws displayed in Roman Form in central square, large bronze tablets, protected plebeians against unjust treatment by patricians
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Messiah
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spiritual leader that would restore the world and bring peace, Christians believed Jesus was the messiah
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Mycenaeans
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first Greeks, first people to speak Greek language, influenced by the earlier Minoan civilization, located on the island of Crete, thrived from 1650-1200 BC
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Parthenon
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monument dedicated to goddess Athena
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Oedipus Rex
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an Athenian tragedy by Sophocles about a king named Oedipus killing his own father and marrying his mother
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Oligarchy
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a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution
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Parthenon
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monument dedicated to goddess Athena
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Paterfamilias
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family fathers, oldest living male headed the family
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Paul of Tarsus
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established Christian churches, believed god had sent him a message that he had to convert non Jews, wrote epistles
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Epistles
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letters to churches, became part of the New Testament
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Phalanx
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tight rectangular fighting formation
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Phillip II
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king of Naples and Sicily, Philip II distributed bonuses to the troops and money to the citizens of Rome to celebrate his accession to the throne as sole ruler
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Plato
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student of Socrates, left behind a number of writings, interested in truth and government, famous for the Republic, believed government should be run by philosophers, created the Academy
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Polis
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a city state in ancient Greece
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Punic Wars
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raged for nearly 80 years, 3 wars, Romans defeated and destroyed Carthage
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Romance Language
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developed from Latin, Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian
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Socratic Method
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asked questions like "what is truth" and would ask questions based on peoples' answers
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Sparta
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emphasis on warfare, boys taught by moms until 7, went to "boot camp", served for 10 years
