World History Imperialism – Flashcards
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Imperialism
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the takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with with the intent of dominating the political, economic and social life of the people of that nation
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What were other European imperialist nations?
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England, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain, Holland and Italy
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Who was the strongest government at the time?
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Britain
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What does it mean the sun doesn't set on the British empire
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the British owned so much land that the sun was always shining on a part of British land
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where is the suez canal
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in egypt
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Why did Europeans become imperialists
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having an empire was a symbol of greatness and they thought it made them superpower and bought national pride
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racism
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where one race believes it is superior to others
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mercantilism
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you get money and money = power
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social darwinism
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"survival of the fittest" was applied to the social change
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Geo-strategic
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since africa was being colonized it was important that the European powers all get a piece in order to keep up with their enemies
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religious
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colonization was done on religious grounds... bringing christianity to the heathen africans
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mercantilist
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free labor was available for the taking, labor that would provide goods and resources for colonial powers that operated on mercantilist policies
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economic
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harvesting the vast natural resources for European good would provide a boost to the sagging economies of Europe as well as provide markets for manufactured goods
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What was the Europeans overwhelming technological advantage
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the maxim gun
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what was the maxim gun
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the worlds first automatic machines gun
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what could the africans protect themselves with
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outdated weapons
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Cecil Rhodes
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a succesful business man and a major supporter of British expansion he was a speaker for imperialism
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Belgian King Leopold II
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commissioned Henry Stanley to help him obtain land in the Congo and Stanley signed treaties with chiefs of the Congo river and the treaties gave King Leopold II control of those lands
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Was King Leopold II a good leader?
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No because he licensed companies to brutally exploited Africans by forcing them to collect sap from rubber plants causing at least 10 million people to die because of the abuses by King Leopold and the Belgian gov. took away his control
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malaria
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a disease in Africa carried by mosquitoes and the drug quinine was able to prevent Europeans from getting the disease
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what were resources that were needed by imperialists
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they had the steam engine, rivers, cables and steamships
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what was the Berlin conference
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it was held to lay down the rules for the division of Africa, any European country could claim land in Africa by telling other nations
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Did any african leaders have a say in the Berlin Conference?
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no they didn't which wasn't fair
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what two African countries were free from European rule
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Liberia and Ethiopia
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what resources were found in Africa?
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copper and tin were found in the Belgian Congo and gold and diamonds were found in South Africa
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who were the Boers
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dutch settlers who gradually took Africans land and established large farms
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what was the great trek
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the boers wanted to escape the british so many of them moved north
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what was the Boer war
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war between the British and Boers, the Boers tried to keep outsiders from coming and taking their gold and diamonds that they found, the British ended up burning Boer farms and imprisoning women and children
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who won the Boer war
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Britain won the war
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what was imperialist management
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two methods were created, indirect and direct control
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indirect control
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relied on existing political rulers and local legislative councils would be created
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direct control
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french and europeans didn't believe in the Africans so they created paternalism when the Europeans provided needs for them but not rights
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paternalism
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Europeans governed the Africans in a fatherly way, providing needs not rights
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assimilation
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based on the idea that in time the local populations would adopt french culture and become like the french
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what was Britains rule in Nigeria
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Britain outlawed slave trade, and convinced other groups to help the British
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what was the Royal Niger Company
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the company had control of the palm-oil trade along the Nigeria river after the Berlin Conference
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what were ethnic groups in Nigeria
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there were 250 groups but the 3 main groups were, Hausa-Fulani, the Yoruba, and the Igbo
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who were the Hausa-Fulani
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they were muslim and had a strong central government
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who were the Igbo and Yoruba?
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they were people of traditional religions and relied on local chiefs for control
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what was the maji maji rebellion
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it was believed that if this water was sprinkled on their bodies would turn the germans bullets into water
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who was Menelik II
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he was the emperor of Ethiopia and built up a large arsenal of modern weapons purchased from France and Russia
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what were some negative effects of colonial rule
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new diseases traditional authority figures were replaced men were forced to leave villages and find a way to support their families
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what were some positive effect of colonial rule
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local warfare was reduced lifespan increased railroads, dams and telephones were built in African Colonies
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slave trade
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slaves would be traded
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what was the scramble for European Colonies
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European countries wanted to colonize Africa but there were fights over land so the Berlin Conference was held
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Nigeria's Civil War
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a war between Nigeria and Britain fighting for Nigeria's independence and Nigeria won and became one of Africa's most populated countries and was very rich
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federal system
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power is shared between state governments and central authority
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martial law
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temporary military rule
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what was nigerias struggle for democracy
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nigeria had a short lived democracy, and the military had over thrown the government leaving the Hausa, Fulani to take over
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dissidents
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government opponents
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what was going on in South Africa at the time?
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due to colonial rule racial conflict was approaching in Africa, a small minority ruled a large black minority
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apartheid
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complete separation of the races
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protests
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blacks protested and formed the African National Congress to fight for their rights
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African National Congress
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organized boycotts and strikes to protest racist policies
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Afrikaners
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Dutch South Africans
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Nelson Mandela
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an ANC leader who was imprisoned by the government
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F.W. de Klerk
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South Africans new president and his goal was to transform South Africa and end its isolation, he legalized the ANC and released Nelson Mandela
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How did South Africa move towards democracy?
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The ANC was established and went on boycotts and strikes because the policy of apartheid was created and wasn't fair
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Desmond Tutu
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led economic campaign against apartheid and he asked foreign nations not to do business with South Africa
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new constitution of South Africa
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a new democratic law was passed to guarantee equal rights for all citizens and it modeled the US bill of rights
