World History First Semester Studyguide – Flashcards
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Neolithic Revolution
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hunting and gathering to agriculture and srttlement (invention of farming)
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Characteristics of a civilization
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1)advanced cities 2)specialized workers 3)complexed institutions 4) record keeping 5) advanced technology
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Geographic similarity of early civilizations
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river family
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Cultural diffusion
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process in which a new idea or product spreads from one culture to another
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Covenant
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mutual promise between God and the founder of the Jewish people
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Contribution of Hebrews
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gave us monotheism and ethical principles
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Hammurabi's Code
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282 specific laws with everything affecting community
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Karma
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a soul's good or bad deeds that follows from one reincarnation to another
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Reincarnation
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(rebirth) an individual soul or spirit is born again and again until Moksha is achieved
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Confucius-purpose of 5 basic relationships
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believed that social order, harmony, and good government could be restored in China if society were organized around 5 basic relationships: 1) ruler and subject 2) father and son 3) husband and wife 4) older and younger brother 5) friend and friend
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Daoism
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fit into laws of nature
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Dynasty
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series of rulers from a single
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Location of "classical world"
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Mediterranean Sea
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Legacies of Golden Age of Athens
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philosophers, government
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School of Athens
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painting that glorified Athens painted by Rafael
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Pericles
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famous Greek ruler who strengthened Athenian Democracy, glorified Athens, and held/strengthened empire
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Phalanx
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fighting technique
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Consequence of Alexander's conquest
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empire was too large to maintain
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Causes if the Fall of Rome
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nomadic and Islamic invasions and weak army
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Legacy of the Romans
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latin language, building advances, law, fine arts
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Examples of Roman engineering
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arches, roads, colosseum, aqueducts
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Pax Romana
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207 years of Roman peace and prosperity
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Edict of Milan
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agreement to treat Catholic Church equally
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Nicene Creed
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defines basic belief of Christianity
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Significance of Islamic 5 pillars
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help guide people's mindset
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Quaran
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the Holy book of Islam
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Contribution of Golden Age of Islam
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inventions; preserve Greek learning
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Muslim belief about Muhammad
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most important profit
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Muslim prayer/Astronomy
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advancement in Astronomy to face Mecca
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Inventions of the Muslims
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calligraphy, algebra, astrolabe--navigation
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Significance of Justinian's Code
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preserve Roman Laws
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Byzantine Empire
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eastern half of Roman Empire
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St. Paul's Significance
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write epistles; converts and spreads Christianity through Roman Empire
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Mongols
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superb horsemen
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Unifying force in Europe during the middle ages
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Church
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Causes of feudalism
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invasions-people no longer looked to central ruler=they returned to local rulers
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Purpose of Crusades
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to take back Christian's Holy Land (Jerusalem) from Muslims
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Effect of Magna Carta
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protected rights of people from King
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Renaissance defenition
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rebirth of art and literature
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Causes of the Renaissance
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merchant class became very wealthy
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Importance of Printing Press
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ideas could spread quickly as many copies could be made
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"Renaissance Man"
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well rounded person
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Humanism
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a movement when people focused on human potential and achievements
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Mansa Musa
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went on to Hajj to Mecca and gave out a lot of gold
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Religion of West Africa
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Islam
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Significance of Timbuktu
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center of trade in West Africa
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2 greatest kingdoms of West Africa
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Ghana-trade route, taxed goods
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2 dynasties of China's Golden Age
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Tang and Tung
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Cause of the end of China's Golden Age
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Germanic tribes attacked them, Mongol tribes
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Inventions of Chinese
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movable type, gunpowder, compass, paper money
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3 main protestants
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Luther, Calvin, Henry III
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Result of reformation
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Roman Catholic Church became for unified
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Purpose of 95 theses
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to take public stand against selling of indulgences of Johann Tetzel
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Results of Counter Reformation
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calvinism, etc.
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Act of Supremacy
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called people to take an oath recognizing divorce
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Causes of European Exploration
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the desire for new sources of wealth
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Goals of Columbus
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find trade route to India
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Advantages of Spanish Conquistadors
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they had superior weaponry, help from native groups, and disease that killed many Aztecs
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Magellan's Voyage
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circumnavigated the world by boat
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Cause of Salve Trade
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Native Americans all died from diseased=need for slaves
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Effects of Slave Trade on Africa
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families torn apart, generations lost fittest members
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similarities of Hinduism/Buddhism
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karma, meditation, reincarnation
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Early followers of Buddha
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because of his rejection of the caste system, many of Buddha's early followers included laborers and crafts people
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Characteristics of Chinese family
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a person's chief loyalty throughout life was to their family. The elder man in the family controlled the families property and made important decisions. Women, were treated as inferiors. They were expected to obey their fathers, their fathers, their husbands, and later, their own sons. Girls between 13-16, her marriage would be arranged. Bearing sons of her husband would help improve her status.
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Effect of geography on ancient Greece
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the sea, the land of rugged mountains divided the land into a number of different regions, Greeks developed small independent communities within each river valley, not very suitable for her family irrigation projects so could never support a large population.
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Characteristics of Greek art and architecture
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sculptures of really strong people
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Greek Philosophy
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Plato, Aristotle, Socrates
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Golden Age if Athen's (years)
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477-431 B.C.
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Purpose of having two Roman Consuls
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help keep the other in check, so one does not have all the power
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Reasons for Christianity's spreading throughout Rome
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Edict of Milan opened to everytone
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Significance of St. Paul
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biggest Christian missionary
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Causes of Fall of Rome
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nomadic and Islamic invasions and weak army
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Significance of Justinian
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Justinian's code (Roman laws)
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Similarity between Islam, Christianity, Judaism
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one God
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Cause of division of Muslim Community
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one wanted to caliph to be direct descendant of Muhammad the other did not
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Effect of Genghis Khan and the Mongols
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united Mongol tribes
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Main purpose of Crusaders
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win the holy land
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Innovations Europeans gained from the Muslim world
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Math and Science (Astronomy)
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Pax Mongolica
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Mongol Peace
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unifying the force in Europe during the middle ages
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Church
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Causes of Feudalism
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people were afraid of invaders so they traded food for protection
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Main purpose of crusades
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win the Holy Land
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Description of Machiavelli's "The Prince"
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how to be a perfect ruler
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How rulers of Ghana gained wealth
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taxed people who came through their territories
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Effect of growth of Islam in Ghana
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spread of literacy and many learned Arabic
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Significance of Timbuktu
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cultural center of the fall of West Africa during golden age
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Cause of the fall of West Africa's Golden Age
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because of slave trade
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Cause of rising population during the Tang and Tung dynasties
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increase of rice productions
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Cause of the end of China's Golden Age
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Germanic tribes attacked them, Mongol Tribes
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Significance of Martin Luther
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created 95 theses and his actions led to reformation
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Calvinism
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a body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin
