question

What two geographic features played a specially significant role in the development of Greek history?

answer

Mountains and the sea.

question

About what percent of Greece was mountains, and what impact did it have on Greek communities?

answer

80% and caused Greek communities to develop unequally and independently from each other.

question

The small size of independent communities had what impact on local politics?

answer

It encouraged more of the population to participate in politics.

question

What enabled the Greeks to make contact with the outside world?

answer

The seas.

question

The first Greek state was developed by who?

answer

The Mycenaeans.

question

According to Homer the Mycenaean Greeks conquered Troy around what year, and do all scholars agree that this event was factual?

answer

1250 B.C. and No.

question

Following the collapse of the Mycenaean Empire what age did Greece enter?

answer

Dark Age.

question

Homer wrote two Epic Poems, what was one of them?

answer

The Iliad or The Odyssey.

question

What were the two main values taught by Homer?

answer

Courage and Honor.

question

The polis had become a central focus for Greek life, what three activities would people do there?

answer

Political, Social, and Religious activities.

question

Ancient Greeks sought more farmland and trade bases, so they established colonies at what sea and what was the most notable of these colonies.

answer

Mediterranean Sea and Byzantium.

question

The Greeks grew wealthy trading what three items?

answer

Pottery, Wine, and Olive Oil.

question

The expansion of trade and industry gave a rise to a new group of men who used _____ to seize power?

answer

Wealth.

question

The age of Tyrants didn't last, what happened as a result?

answer

More people became involved in politics.

question

Beginning around what year did the city-state Sparta become a dominant military state and conquered several of its neighbors?

answer

730 B.C.

question

All males in Sparta spent their childhood learning about what?

answer

The Military.

question

At what age were all Spartan males required to enter the military?

answer

20.

question

What did Sparta and its citizens think about philosophy, literature, and travel?

answer

They were discouraged.

question

In Sparta ephors (Spartan kings) were elected how often.

answer

Annually (Every Year).

question

What where the ephors two main responsibilities?

answer

Education and the Conduct of Citizens.

question

Around 700 B.C., Athens had become an unified polis on the peninsula of Attica. Who owned the best land and headed the government as an oligarchy.

answer

A small number of Aristocrats.

question

Solon solved the economic problems of Athens by doing what?

answer

Canceling land debts and freeing those enslaved due to debt.

question

Another reformer named Cleisthenes created a council of 500 men to oversee government affairs. What this assembly create?

answer

It Created the Foundation of Athenian Democracy.

question

Who captured the Ionian Greek cities in western Asia Minor during the mid-6th century B.C.?

answer

The Persians.

question

Why did the Persian ruler Darius want revenge against Athens?

answer

Athens assisted a failed rebellion by the Ionian Cities.

question

In 490 B.C. the Persian army led by Darius was defeated by whom?

answer

The Athenians.

question

In 480 B.C., who led another Persian invasion into Greece?

answer

Xerxes.

question

What groups of people united and defeated the Persian invaders in 479 B.C.?

answer

Athenians, Spartans, and Other Greeks.

question

During the age of Pericles where was the center of Greek culture?

answer

Athens.

question

In 478 B.C., the Athenians created a defensive alliance against the Persians known as the _______.

answer

Dalian League.

question

Pericles became a prominent leader in Athenian politics between 461 and 429 B.C. He expanded the democracy to enable what group of people to paly a role in government?

answer

All MALE Citizens.

question

Historians consider what period of classical Athenian and Greek history as the height of Athenian power and brilliance.

answer

Age of Pericles.

question

What would happen to anyone who under the practice of ostracism who had their name written by at least 6000 members of the assembly?

answer

The Person Would be Banned from the City for 10 Years.

question

The Athenian economy was largely based on what two things?

answer

Farming and Trade.

question

In the Athenian empire what was the primary function of a family?

answer

To produce new citizens by having children.

question

In 431 B.C. the Great Peloponneasian War began, how long did this war last and who was ultimately victorious.

answer

25 Years and Sparta.

question

In ancient Greece the gods and goddesses were thought to live where?

answer

Mount Olympus.

question

What was the most important form of Greek architecture and why was it important?

answer

Temples and it was dedicated to gods and goddesses.

question

What were the first Greek dramas?

answer

Tragedies.

question

Greek comedies used puns and satires to criticize what two groups?

answer

Politicians and Intellectuals.

question

What is often seen as the first real history text in western civilization.

answer

The History of the Persian Wars, written by Herodotus.

question

Who is often considered the greatest historian of the ancient world, and why is he considered to be this?

answer

Thucydides and He Attempted to Portray History Fairly and Accurately with No Bias.

question

Many philosophers in Ancient Greece sought answers to questions of the natural universe through ________

answer

Rational Thought.

question

Pythagoras thought that the essence of the universe could be found in _______

answer

Music and Numbers.

question

What did the traveling group of teachers called the Sophists believe?

answer

They did not Believe it was Possible to Understand the Universe and They Believed it was more Important for Individuals to Improve Themselves.

question

What did Socrates believe the goal of education was?

answer

To Improve the Individual.

question

Please describe and define the Socratic Method.

answer

A Question and Answer Form of Teaching that Leads Students to Find Their Own Answers.

question

Plato was a student of Socrates and was fascinated with what?

answer

The Question of Reality.

question

He wrote his ideas of government in a work entitled what?

answer

The Republic.

question

Aristotle was a student of Plato who believed that _______ was tied to people's behavior.

answer

Happiness.

question

Aristotle studied natural science by making and recording observations, laying the foundations of what?

answer

Scientific Method.

question

Aristotle did not seek an ideal state but rather studied existing government and favored what type of government?

answer

Constitutional Government.

question

Alexander the Great continued the plan of his deceased father Philip the 2 and conquered ______, after he took the thrown when he was 20.

answer

Persia.

question

Alexander's unified kingdom did not last, and Four Hellenistic Kingdoms arose. What were three of them?

answer

Macedonia, Syria, Egypt, and Peragmum.

question

Aristarchus developed a famous theory that stated what?

answer

Earth Revolves Around the Sun.

question

What did Eratosthenes determine about the earth?

answer

That It was Round.

question

Euclid wrote Elements, a textbook on _______ that is still studied today.

answer

Geometry.

question

Archimedes established what mathematical value?

answer

Pi.

question

What did Epicureanism teach?

answer

People had to Free Themselves From Public Activity in Order to Follow Their Own Self Interest to Find Happiness.

question

What did followers of Stoicism believe?

answer

That by Living in Harmony with the Will of God the could Bear whatever Life Offered.

question

In early Greece, the qualities of excellence that a hero strives to achieve in a struggle or contest.

answer

Arete.

question

The early Greek city-state consisting of a city or town and its surrounding countryside.

answer

Polis.

question

In early Greek city-states a fortified gathering place at the top of the hill that was sometimes used as place for a temple.

answer

Acropolis.

question

In early Greek city-states an open area that served as a market.

answer

Agora.

question

In the Greek military system a heavily armed foot solider.

answer

Hoplite.

question

A wall of shields created by foot soldiers marching shoulder to shoulder in a rectangular formation.

answer

Phalanx.

question

A ruler who seized power from the aristocrats and gained support from the newly rich and poor and kept power by using hired soldiers.

answer

Tyrants.

question

A government by the people or rule of the many direct or through election by their representatives.

answer

Democracy.

question

The rule of the few, a form of government by a selected group of people who exercise control.

answer

Oligarchy.

question

In ancient Sparta a captive person who was forced to work for the captor.

answer

Helots.

question

In ancient Greece a sacred shrine where god or goddesses was said to reveal the future through a priest or priestess.

answer

Oracle.

question

Aiding or promoting with public money.

answer

Subsidizing.

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