question

What two disagreements created tension between the US and Russia before the war ended?

answer

1. The United States was upset that Joseph Stalin, the Soviet leader, had signed a nonaggression pact with Germany in 1939. 2. Later, Stalin blamed the Allies for not invading German-occupied Europe earlier than 1944.

question

Winston Churchill, FDR, and Stalin met at this Soviet Black Sea resort in 1945. There, they agreed to divide Germany into zones of occupation controlled by the Allied military forces. Germany also would have to pay the Soviet Union to compensate for its loss of life and property. Stalin "agreed" to join the war against Japan. (he really didn't until August 9th). He also promised that Eastern Europeans would have free elections. A skeptical Winston Churchill predicted that Stalin would keep his pledge only if the Eastern Europeans followed "a policy friendly to Russia."

answer

Yalta

question

In June 1945, the United States and the Soviet Union temporarily set aside their differences. They joined 48 other countries in forming this international organization. It was intended to protect the members against aggression. It was to be based in New York. The charter for the new peacekeeping organization established a large body called the General Assembly. There, a member from each nation could cast its vote on a broad range of issues.

answer

United Nations

question

This 11-member body of the UN had the real power to investigate and settle disputes, though. Its five permanent members were Britain, China, France, the United States, and the Soviet Union. Each could veto any action of the council. This provision was intended to prevent any members of the Council from voting as a bloc to override the others.

answer

Security Council

question

4 of the US's goals in Europe after the war.

answer

1. Encourage democracy in other countries to help prevent the rise of Communist governments 2. Gain access to raw materials and markets to fuel booming industries 3. Rebuild European governments to promote stability and create new markets for US goods 4. Reunited Germany to stabilize it and increase the security of Europe

question

4 goals of the Soviet Union after the war

answer

1. Encourage communism in other countries as part of a worldwide workers' revolution 2. Rebuild its war-ravaged economy using Eastern Europe's industrial equipment and raw materials 3. Control Eastern Europe to protect Soviet borders and balance the US influence in Western Europe. 4. Keep Germany divided to prevent its waging war again.

question

To Roosevelt's succes-sor, Harry S. Truman, Stalin's reluctance to allow free elections in Eastern European nations was a clear violation of those countries' rights. Truman, Stalin, and Churchill met at here in July 1945. There, Truman pressed Stalin to permit free elections in Eastern Europe. The Soviet leader refused. In a speech in early 1946, Stalin declared that communism and capitalism could not exist in the same world.

answer

Potsdam

question

Name some Eastern European countries that Stalin invaded and installed Communist governments in. He did this to create a buffer, or wall of protection on his western border.

answer

Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Poland, and Yugoslavia

question

this part of Germany was controlled by the Soviets and renamed the Germany Democratic Republic

answer

East Germany

question

this part of Germany was controlled by the US and was renamed the Federal Republic of Germany

answer

West Germany

question

this phrase first used by Churchill came to represent Europe's division into mostly democratic Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe.

answer

iron curtain

question

Said: "From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. . . . All these famous cities and the populations around them lie in the Soviet sphere and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and increasing measure of control from Moscow."

answer

Churchill

question

foreign policy adopted by Truman that was directed at blocking Soviet influence and stopping the expansion of communism. These policies included forming alliances and helping weak countries resist Soviet advances.

answer

containment

question

Said: "One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions . . . free elections . . . and freedom from political oppression. The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression . . . fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms. I believe it must be the policy of the United States to support free people . . . resisting attempted subjugation [control] by armed minorities or by outside pressures." What is ________ comparing?

answer

In this speech asking Congress for foreign aid for Turkey and Greece, Truman contrasted democracy with communism.

question

What was Truman's support for countries that rejected communism called? It caused great controversy. Some opponents objected to American interference in other nations' affairs. Others argued that the United States could not afford to carry on a global crusade against communism. Congress, however, immediately authorized more than $400 million in aid to Turkey and Greece. (MILITARY AID)

answer

Truman Doctrine

question

European Recover Program; Much of Western Europe lay in ruins after the war. There was also economic turmoil a scarcity of jobs and food. In 1947, U. S. Secretary of State George Marshall proposed that the United States give aid to needy European countries. This assistance program would provide food, machinery, and other materials to rebuild Western Europe. As Congress debated the $12. 5 billion program in 1948, the Communists seized power in Czechoslovakia. Congress immediately voted approval. The plan was a spectacular success. Even Communist Yugoslavia received aid after it broke away from Soviet domination; This said the US should provide aid to all European nations that need it. This move is not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos (MONEY)

answer

Marshall Plan

question

After France, Britain, and the US decided to withdraw their forces from Germany and allowed their occupation zones to form one nation, Russia still held on and took West Berlin hostage. It cut off highway, water, and rail traffic into Berlin's western zones and the people faced starvation. Russia gambled that the Allies would surrender West Berlin or give up their idea of reunifying Germany. However, American and British officials flew food and supplies into West Berlin for nearly 11 months. In May 1949, Russia admitted defeat and lifted the blockade. What was this event called?

answer

Berlin Airlift

question

a struggle over political differences carried on by means short of military action or war; Beginning in 1949, the superpowers used spying, propaganda, diplomacy, and secret operations in their dealings with each other. Much of the world allied with one side or the other. In fact, until the Soviet Union finally broke up in 1991, this war dictated not only U. S. and Soviet for-eign policy, but influenced world alliances as well.

answer

Cold War

question

The Berlin blockade heightened Western Europe's fears of Soviet aggression. As a result, in 1949, ten western European nations joined with the United States and Canada to form this defensive military alliance. An attack on any of its members would be met with armed force by all member nations.

answer

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

question

The Soviet Union saw NATO as a threat and formed its own alliance in 1955. This pact included the Soviet Union, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania. However, not every country joined the new alliances. Some, like India, chose not to align with either side. And China, the largest Communist country, came to distrust the Soviet Union. It remained nonaligned.

answer

Warsaw Pact

question

Determined to develop a more deadly weapon before the Soviets did, President Truman authorized work for this weapon in 1950. The bomb would be thousands of times more powerful than the A-bomb. Its power came from the fusion, or joining together, of atoms, rather than the splitting of atoms, as in the A-bomb. In 1952, the United States tested the bomb. The Soviets exploded their own in 1953.

answer

thermonuclear weapon (hydrogen or H-bomb)

question

Eisenhower appointed the firmly anti-Communist John Foster Dulles as his secretary of state. If the Soviet Union or its supporters attacked U. S. interests, Dulles threatened, the United States would "retaliate instantly, by means and at places of our own choosing." This willingness to go to the brink, or edge, of war became known as ________. This required a reliable source of nuclear weapons and airplanes to deliver them. So, the United States strengthened its air force and began producing stockpiles of nuclear weapons. The Soviet Union responded with its own military buildup, beginning an arms race that would go on for four decades.

answer

brinkmanship

question

In August 1957, the Soviets announced the development of this rocket that could travel great distances - an intercontinental ballistic missile. On October 4, the Soviets used this to push Sputnik, the first unmanned satellite, above the earth's atmosphere. Americans felt they had fallen behind in science and technology, and the government poured money into science education. In 1958, the United States launched its own satellite.

answer

ICBM

question

This incident greatly heightened Cold War tensions

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When the CIA started secret high-altitude spy flights over Soviet territory in planes called U-2s, the Soviets shot down one and captured its pilot.

question

leader of communists in China; Born into a peasant family, he embraced Marxist socialism as a young man. Though he began as an urban labor organizer, he quickly realized the revolutionary potential of China's peasants. In 1927, he predicted: The force of the peasantry is like that of the raging winds and driving rain. . . . They will bury beneath them all forces of imperialism, militarism, corrupt officialdom, village bosses and evil gentry. His first attempt to lead the peasants in revolt failed in 1927. But during the Japanese occupation, He and his followers won widespread peasant support by reducing rents and promising to redistribute land.

answer

Mao Zedong

question

this group in China had a stronghold in northwestern China. From there, they mobi-lized peasants for guerrilla war against the Japanese in the northeast. Thanks to their efforts to promote literacy and improve food production, they won the peasants' loyalty. By 1945, they controlled much of northern China.

answer

communists

question

leader of the Nationalists in China

answer

Jiang Jieshi

question

This group dominated southwestern China. From 1942 to 1945, the United States sent them at least $1. 5 billion in aid to fight the Japanese. Instead of benefiting the army, however, these supplies and money often ended up in the hands of a few corrupt officers. They actually fought few battles against the Japanese. Instead, they saved their strength for the coming battle against the opposing group in China. After Japan surrendered, they resumed fighting. With the collapsed economy, they had little support among the Chinese peasants.

answer

Nationalists

question

When Mao Zedong gained control of China, what did he rename it?

answer

People's Republic of China

question

2 names for the island that the Nationalist leaders retreated to

answer

Taiwan or Formosa

question

What did the Nationalists rename Taiwan when they moved in?

answer

Nationalist China or Republic of China

question

In a brutal assault in 1950 and 1951, China took control of this country. The Chinese promised autonomy to the people, who followed their religious leader, the Dalai Lama. So when China's control over the country tightened in the late 1950s, the Dalai Lama fled to India. India welcomed many refugees after a failed revolt. As a result, resentment between India and China grew. In 1962, they clashed briefly over the two countries' unclear borders. The fighting stopped but resentment continued between China and India because of this country.

answer

Tibet

question

After taking control of China, the Communists began to tighten their hold. The party's 4. 5 million members made up just 1 percent of the population. But they were a disciplined group. Like the Soviets, the Chinese Communists set up two parallel organizations, the Communist party and the national government. Mao headed both until 1959. What did the Chinese call this when control was tightened?

answer

Mandate of Heaven

question

Mao was determined to reshape China's economy based on this idea. These were extremely communist ideas that led to things like collective farms.

answer

Marxist socialism

question

Eighty percent of the people lived in rural areas, but most owned no land. Instead, 10 percent of the rural population controlled 70 percent of the farmland. Under this law, Mao seized the holdings of these landlords. His forces killed more than a million landlords who resisted. He then divided the land among the peasants.

answer

Agrarian Reform Law

question

methodology of cold war

answer

Espionage, arms race, ideological competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples (communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt & capitalist economy)

question

communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt & capitalist economy)

answer

proxy wars

question

Why did Russia invade Turkey so they could get the Dardanelles?

answer

They wanted a warm water port

question

Said: "The US should free peoples throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by armed minorities or outside pressures... We must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way"

answer

Truman

question

year of shock; year China became communist, year Russia exploded its first a bomb; year american worker for government was convicted of being communist

answer

1949

question

Proposed by Mao in 1958, this plan called for still larger collective farms, or communes. By the end of 1958, about 26,000 communes had been created. The average commune sprawled over 15,000 acres and supported over 25,000 people. In the strictly controlled life of the communes, peasants worked the land together. They ate in communal dining rooms, slept in communal dormitories, and raised children in communal nurseries. And they owned nothing. The peasants had no incentive to work hard when only the state profited from their labor. This plan was a giant step backward. Poor planning and inefficient "backyard," or home, industries hampered growth. The program was ended in 1961 after crop failures caused a famine that killed about 20 million people.

answer

Great Leap Forward

question

Mao thought China's new economic policies weakened the Communist goal of social equality. He was determined to revive the revolution. In 1966, he urged China's young people to "learn revolution by making revolution." Millions of high school and college students responded. They left their classrooms and formed these militia units. They pledged their devotion to Chairman Mao and the Cultural Revolution. From 1966 to 1968, 20 to 30 million of them roamed China's cities and country-side causing widespread chaos. To smash the old, non-Maoist way of life, they destroyed buildings and beat and even killed Mao's alleged enemies. They lashed out at professors, government officials, factory managers, and even parents. Eventually, even Mao turned on them. Most were exiled to the countryside. Others were arrested and some executed.

answer

Red Guards

question

The Red Guards led this major uprising. Its goal was to establish a society of peasants and workers in which all were equal. The new hero was the peasant who worked with his hands. The life of the mind intellectual and artistic activity was considered useless and dangerous. To stamp out this threat, the Red Guards shut down colleges and schools. They targeted anyone who resisted the regime. Intellectuals had to "purify" themselves by doing hard labor in remote villages. Thousands were executed or imprisoned. Chaos threatened farm production and closed down factories. Civil war seemed possible. By 1968, even Mao admitted that this revolution had to stop. The army was ordered to put down the Red Guards.

answer

Cultural Revolution

question

This Chinese Communist party founder and premier since 1949, began to restore order during the cultural revolution.

answer

Zhou Enlai

question

line that divides North Korea and South Korea at 38 degrees north latitude; North of this line, Japanese troops surrendered to Soviet forces. As in Germany, 2 nations developed. One was the Communist industrial north, whose government had been set up by the Soviets. The other was the non-Communist rural south, supported by the Western powers.

answer

38th parallel

question

this country sent tanks and military supplies to North Korea so they could invade South Korea. Then this country was absent in the Security Council to protest the admission of Nationalist China (Taiwan), rather than Communist China, into the UN. As a result, this country could not veto the UN's plan to send an international force to Korea to stop the inva-sion.

answer

Soviet Union

question

A total of 15 nations, including the US and Britain, participated under the command of this general.

answer

Douglas MacArthur

question

this country felt threatened by the UN troops in Korea so they sent 300,000 troops to North Korea. They greatly outnumbered the UN forces. By January 1951, they had pushed UN and South Korean troops out of North Korea. They then moved into South Korea and captured the capital of Seoul. "We face an entirely new war," declared Mac Arthur. He called for a nuclear attack against this country. Truman viewed MacArthur's proposals as reckless. "We are trying to prevent a world war, not start one," he said. MacArthur tried to go over the President's head by taking his case to Congress and the press. In response, Truman removed him.

answer

China

question

communist dictator who took over North Korea after the war; he established collective farms, developed heavy industry, and built up the military. At his death in 1994, his son took power. Under his rule, Communist North Korea developed nuclear weapons but had serious economic problems.

answer

Kim Ill Sung

question

during the 1980s and 19902, this country had one of the highest economic growth rates in the world after developing its industry and expanding foreign trade.

answer

South Korea

question

this region included Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia

answer

French Indochina

question

His name means "He who enlightens.." This young Vietnamese nationalist turned to the Communists for help in his struggle. During the 1930s, his Indochinese Communist party led revolts and strikes against the French. The French responded by jailing Vietnamese protesters. They also sentenced this man to death. He fled into exile, but returned to Vietnam in 1941, a year after the Japanese seized control of his country during World War II. He and other nationalists founded the Vietminh (Independence) League. The Japanese were forced out of Vietnam after their defeat in 1945.

answer

Ho Chi Minh

question

With the defeat of the French, the United States saw a rising threat to the rest of Asia. President Eisenhower described this threat in terms of this theory. The Southeast Asian nations were like a row of dominos, he said. The fall of one to communism would lead to the fall of its neighbors. This theory became a major justification for U. S. foreign policy during the Cold War era.

answer

domino theory

question

Vietnam was divided at 17 north latitude. North of that line, Ho Chi Minh's Communist forces governed. To the south, the United States and France set up an anti-Communist government under the leadership of this man, who ruled as a dictator.

answer

Ngo Dinh Diem

question

These communist guerrillas began to gain strength in the south. While some of them were trained soldiers from North Vietnam, most were South Vietnamese who hated Diem. Gradually, they won control of large areas of the countryside. In 1963, a group of South Vietnamese generals had Diem assassinated. But the new leaders were no more popular than he had been. It appeared that a takeover by this group, backed by North Vietnam, was inevitable.

answer

Vietcong

question

2 major difficulties for the US in Vietnam

answer

1. US soldiers were fighting a guerrilla war in unfamiliar jungle terrain 2. the South Vietnamese government that they were defending was becoming more unpopular

question

Nixon's plan that allowed for U. S. troops to gradually pull out, while the South Vietnamese increased their combat role; To pursue this plan while preserving the South Vietnamese government, Nixon authorized a massive bombing cam paign against North Vietnamese bases and supply routes. He also authorized bombings in neighboring Laos and Cambodia to destroy Vietcong hiding places. Later he completely withdrew and the North Vietnamese overran the south.

answer

Vietnamization

question

trail in Cambodia and Laos that were bombed because it was a viet cong supply route

answer

Ho chi minh trail

question

country that suffered US bombings when it was used as a sanctuary by North Vietnamese and Vietcong troops

answer

Cambodia

question

In 1975, these communist rebels set up a brutal Communist government under the leadership of Pol Pot. In a ruthless attempt to transform Cambodia into a Communist society, they slaughtered 2 million people. This was almost one quarter of the nation's population. The Vietnamese invaded in 1978. They overthrew the group and installed a less repressive government. But fighting continued. The Vietnamese withdrew in 1989. In 1993, under the supervision of UN peacekeepers, Cambodia adopted a democratic constitution and held free elections.

answer

Khmer Rouge

question

After the North Vietnamese won the war, they sent thousands of people to ________ for training in Communist thought.

answer

reeducation camps

question

consisted of developing nations, often newly independent, who were not aligned with either superpower; these nonaligned countries provided yet another arena for competition between the Cold War superpowers. They were located in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. They were economically poor and politically unstable. This was largely due to a long history of colonialism. They also suffered from ethnic conflicts and lack of technology and education. Each needed a political and economic system around which to build its society. Soviet-style communism and U. S.-style free-market democracy were the main choices.

answer

Third World Countries

question

industrialized capitalist nations, including the US and its allies

answer

first world countries

question

consists of communist nations led by the Soviet Union.

answer

second world countries

question

Indonesia, a populous island nation in Southeast Asia struggled to stay uninvolved. In 1955, it hosted many leaders from Asia and Africa at this conference. They met to form what they called a "third force" of independent countries, or nonaligned nations. Some nations, such as India and Indonesia, were able to maintain their neutrality. But others took sides with the superpowers or played competing sides against each other.

answer

Bandung Conference

question

"third force" of independent countries

answer

nonaligned nations

question

in the 1950s, Cuba was ruled by this unpopular dictator who had US support; this resentment led to a popular revolution, which overthrew his government in January 1959

answer

Fulgencio Batista

question

This young lawyer led the revolution in Cuba. At first, many people praised him for bringing social reforms to Cuba and improving the economy. Yet he was a harsh dictator. He suspended elections, jailed or executed his opponents, and tightly controlled the press. When he nationalized the Cuban economy, he took over U. S.-owned sugar mills and refineries. In response, Eisenhower ordered an embargo on all trade with Cuba. He then turned to the Soviets for economic and military aid.

answer

Fidel Castro

question

said: "Personally, I am not interested in power nor do I envision assuming it at any time. All that I will do is to make sure that the sacrifices of so many compa triots should not be in vain."

answer

Castro

question

In 1960, the CIA began to train anti-Castro Cuban exiles. In April 1961, they invaded Cuba, landing here. However, the United States did not provide the hoped for air support. Castro's forces easily defeated the invaders, humiliating the United States. This failed invasion convinced Russia that the US would not resist Soviet expansion in Latin America.

answer

Bay of Pigs

question

When an American spy plane discovered the missile sites in Cuba, this president declared that missiles so close to the U. S. main-land were a threat. He demanded their removal and also announced a naval blockade of Cuba.

answer

JFK

question

Said, "Cuba did not and does not intend to be in the middle of a conflict between the East and the West. Our problem is above all one of national sovereignty. Cuba does not mean to get involved in the Cold War."

answer

Castro

question

Kennedy's demand for the removal of Soviet missiles in Cuba put the United States and the Soviet Union on a collision course. People around the world feared nuclear war so JFK put a naval blockade around in Cuba. In 1962 fortunately, Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles in return for a U. S. promise not to invade Cuba and to get rid of their nuclear weapons in Turkey. The resolution of this crisis, known as _______ left Castro completely dependent on Soviet support. In exchange for this support, Castro backed Communist revolutions in Latin America and Africa. Soviet aid to Cuba, however, ended abruptly with the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. This loss dealt a crippling blow to the Cuban economy.

answer

Cuban Missile Crisis

question

Just as the United States had supported Batista in Cuba, it had funded the Nicaraguan dictatorship of this man and his family since 1933.

answer

Anastasio Somoza

question

In 1979, these communist rebels toppled Somoza's son. Both the United States and the Soviet Union initially gave aid to the them and their leader, Daniel Ortega. They however, gave assistance to other Marxist rebels in nearby El Salvador.

answer

Sandinista rebels

question

To help the El Salvadoran government fight the Marxist rebels, the United States supported these Nicaraguan anti-Communist forces.

answer

contras or contrarevolucionarios

question

The civil war in Nicaragua lasted more than a decade and seriously weakened the country's economy. In 1990, this president of Nicaragua agreed to hold free elections, the first in the nation's history. Violeta Chamorro, a reform candidate, defeated him. The Sandinistas were also defeated in elections in 1996 and 2001. However, this man won the election in 2006 and returned to power.

answer

President Ortega

question

In this country, their leader embraced Western governments and wealthy Western oil companies. A group of nationalists nationalized a British-owned oil company and, in 1953, forced the shah to flee. Fearing this country would turn to the Soviets, the US helped restore the shah to power.

answer

Iran

question

conservative muslim leaders in Iran; The shah tried to weaken the political influence of them because they opposed Western influences.

answer

ayatollah

question

The leader of religious opposition to secularism, who was living in exile. Spurred by his tape-recorded messages, Iranians rioted in every major city in late 1978. Faced with overwhelming opposition, the shah fled Iran in 1979. This man returned to establish an Islamic state and to export Iran's militant form of Islam. Strict adherence to Islam ruled his domestic policies. But hatred of the United States, because of U. S. support for the shah, was at the heart of his foreign policy. In 1979, with his blessing, young Islamic revolutionaries seized the U. S. embassy in Tehran. He encouraged Muslim radicals elsewhere to overthrow their secular governments. Intended to unify Muslims, this policy heightened tensions between Iran and its neighbor and territorial rival, Iraq

answer

Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini

question

Khomeini encouraged Muslim radicals elsewhere to overthrow their secular governments. Intended to unify Muslims, this policy heightened tensions between Iran and its neighbor and territorial rival, Iraq. This military leader governed Iraq as a secular state when Iraq and Iran started to fight.

answer

Saddam Hussein

question

The United States secretly gave aid to both sides of the Iraq and Iran War because it did not want the balance of power in the region to change. This country, on the other hand, had long been a supporter of Iraq.

answer

Soviet Union

question

"holy warriors"; The Soviets expected to prop up the Afghan Communists and quickly withdraw. Instead, just like the United States in Vietnam, the Soviets found themselves stuck. And like the Vietcong in Vietnam, these rebel forces outmaneuvered a military superpower. Supplied with American weapons, they fought on. The United States had armed the rebels because they considered the Soviet invasion a threat to Middle Eastern oil supplies.

answer

mujahideen

question

This president warned the Soviets against any attempt to gain control of the Persian Gulf. To protest the invasion, he stopped U. S. grain shipments to the Soviet Union and ordered a U. S. boycott of the 1980 Moscow Olympics. In the 1980s, a new Soviet president, Mikhail Gorbachev, acknowledged the war's devastating costs. He withdrew all Soviet troops by 1989. By then, internal unrest and economic problems were tearing apart the Soviet Union itself.

answer

President Jimmy Carter

question

These "Islamic religious students" were among the mujahideen rebels who fought the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. Various groups of students loosely organized themselves during a civil war among mujahideen factions that followed the Soviet withdrawal in 1989. In 1996, one of these groups seized power and established an Islamic government. They imposed a repressive rule especially harsh on women, and failed to improve people's lives. They also gave sanctuary to international Islamic terrorists. In 2001, an anti-terrorist coalition led by the United States drove them from power. However, they have regrouped and have been fighting NATO forces in Afghanistan since 2006.

answer

Taliban

question

guy that came after Stalin who said, "About the capitalist, it doesn't depend on you"; In 1956, this shrewd, tough man denounced Stalin for jailing and killing loyal Soviet citizens. His speech signaled the start of a policy called destalinization, or purging the country of Stalin's memory. Workers destroyed monuments of the former dictator. He called for "peaceful competition" with capitalist states.

answer

Nikita Khrushchev

question

appointed leader of South Korea

answer

Syngman Rhee

question

North Koreans pushed south all the way to this region of South Korea

answer

Pusan

question

makeup of security council

answer

10 rotating and 5 permanent members

question

power of all members in security council

answer

veto power

question

Why was Russia not at the security council?

answer

they were protesting the fact that the UN did not recognize Mao's government

question

where Macarthur landed his forces in Korea

answer

Inchon

question

the Chinese said if the US passed this line, they would join the Korean War on Korea's side and they did bc of MacArthur

answer

Yalu

question

major mistake; when egyption leader nationalized suez canal, Israel didn't like it, so they invaded and England and France joined. Eisenhower implied he would use the a-bomb (mass something) if they didn't settle dow.

answer

Suez Crisis

question

this country provided money for Egypt to build their canal

answer

Soviet Union

question

This prime minister of Hungary promised free electrons and demanded Soviet troops to leave. In response, Soviet tanks and infantry entered Budapest in November. Thousands of Hungarian freedom fighters armed themselves with pistols and bottles, but were overwhelmed. A pro-Soviet government was installed, and he was eventually executed.

answer

Imre Nagy

question

This man, Nagy's replacement, quickly adopted repressive domestic policies. The party enforced laws to limit such basic human rights as freedom of speech and worship. Government censors controlled what writers could publish. He clamped down on those who dared to protest his policies. For example, the secret police arrested many dissidents, including Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize for literature. They then expelled him from the Soviet Union.

answer

Leonid Brezhnev

question

Brezhnev made clear that he would not tolerate dissent in Eastern Europe either. His policy was put to test in early 1968. At that time, Czech Communist leader Alexander Dubček loosened controls on censorship to offer his country socialism with "a human face." During this period, Czechoslovakia's capitol bloomed with new ideas. What was this period known as?

answer

Prague Spring

question

The Prague Spring did not last very long. On August 20, armed forces from the Warsaw Pact nations invaded Czechoslovakia. Brezhnev justified this invasion by claiming the Soviet Union had the right to prevent its satellites from rejecting communism. What was this policy known as?

answer

Brezhnev Doctrine

question

this dude became president after the assassination of Kennedy in 1963; he was committed to stopping the spread of communism so he escalated US involvement in the war in Vietnam

answer

Lyndon Johnson

question

french for "loosening"; this policy of lessening Cold War tensions replaced brinkmanship under Nixon

answer

Détente

question

Three months after visiting Beijing in February 1972, Nixon visited the Soviet Union. After a series of these meeting called _______________, Nixon and Brezhnev signed the SALT I Treaty. This five-year agreement limited to 1972 levels the number of intercontinental ballistic and submarine-launched missiles each country could have.

answer

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT)

question

In 1975, 33 nations joined the United States and the Soviet Union in signing this commitment to détente and cooperation

answer

Helsinki Accords

question

In the late 1970s, President Jimmy Carter was concerned over harsh treatment of protesters in the Soviet Union. This threatened to prevent a second round of SALT negotiations. In 1979, Carter and Brezhnev finally signed this agreement. When the Soviets invaded Afghanistan later that year, however, the U. S. Congress refused to ratify this agreement. Concerns mounted as more nations, including China and India, began building nuclear arsenals.

answer

SALT II

question

This fiercely anti-Communist U. S. president, took office in 1981. He continued to move away from détente. He increased defense spending, putting both economic and military pressure on the Soviets.

answer

Ronald Reagan

question

In 1983, Reagan announced this program to protect against enemy missiles. It was not put into effect but remained a symbol of U. S. anti-Communist sentiment.

answer

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)

question

this thing made americans afraid bc they thought Russia could send missiles from satellites in space.

answer

Sputnik I

question

In 1959 Nixon and Khrushchev were in Moscow for a Worlds Fair and Nixon was showing Khrushchev american consumer goods to help women. Khrushchev said you are too easy on the women. This debate became popular and made America known for have more stuff

answer

Kitchen Debate

question

America's first satelite

answer

echo 1

question

machine or tool used in production of consumer goods

answer

capitalist good

question

pilot of spy plane that landed in Russia

answer

Francis Gary Powers

question

date the Berlin wall goes up

answer

1961

question

We had been involved in the Vietnam War since this date

answer

1946

question

group that lives in Laos

answer

Pathet Lao

question

group that lived in Vietnam

answer

Viet Minh

question

Because of the truman doctrine we gave aid to this country in French indochina

answer

French

question

the viet minh besieged this city in Vietnam defeating the French

answer

Dienbienphu

question

at this conference, vietnam was divided at the 17 parallel

answer

Geneva Conference

question

government in Vietnam that asked for us help

answer

diem

question

Johnson had this passed to allow america to invade North Vietnam; escalation of war

answer

Gulf of tonkin resolution

question

on Vietnam's new year (tet), the North Vietnamese all had a coordinated attack throughout the country; this attack made the US realize they could not win

answer

Tet offensive

question

Czech president who allowed people freedom of speech; he got in trouble with Russia for this and he disappears

answer

Alexander Dubček

question

playwright who was arrested in Czechoslovakia because Russia didn't like him; he later became president of a free Czech Republic

answer

Vaclav Havel

question

when Czechoslovakia became Slovakia and the Czech Republic

answer

Velvet Revolution

question

hat a lot of governments bc politically unstable and had a lot of coalitions

answer

4th french republic

question

led by french leader Charles deGaulle who settled the Algerian crisis, made France a nuclear power, sustained general prosperity, maintained a stable democratic government, and made France politically independent.

answer

5th french republic

question

this leader in England limited socialist program and nationalized a lot of stuff; made stuff equitable for everyone; his social insurance legislation was "cradle-to-grave" security

answer

Clement Attlee

question

felt it was most important for Indians to develop their own skills; his sign was the spinning wheel

answer

Ghandi

question

What happened when Britain got in debt?

answer

the British empire began to end (ex. India, Palestine, and Kenya)

question

year of shocks

answer

1949

question

true/false: the soviet union wanted to control Eastern Europe after World War II because eastern people had elected Communist governments

answer

false

question

true/false: the truman doctrine was a pledge to provide funds for rebuilding Europe

answer

false

question

true/false: the soviet union prevented a UN takeover of North Korea by sending soldiers and massive military aid to the region

answer

false

question

true/false: the korean war resulted in no gain on either side

answer

true

question

true/false: the peace agreement with France divided Vietnam into two halves; Communists controlled the South and a non-Communist grime controlled the North

answer

false

question

The US government secretly trained a force of about 15000 Cubans, which successfully invaded Cuba at the Bay of Pigs in April 1961 and overthrew Castro's government

answer

false

question

true/false: Western Europe made a remarkable recovery from World War II in large part because of the Marshall Plan

answer

true

question

true/false: ethnic tensions coupled with a weakening government caused the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s.

answer

true

question

true/false: the growing threat of nuclear warhead little impact on people in the United States and other nations

answer

false

question

true/false:the US used the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan as part of a policy of containment

answer

true

question

true/false: the success of the Berlin airlift was followed by the formation father Federal Republic of Germany

answer

true

question

true/false: the US supported Salvador Allende's government in Chile because it had been democratically elected

answer

false

question

true/false: the persian gulf war was fought to free Kuwait and to protect oil supplies

answer

true

question

Why was the US alarmed by Soviet control of Eastern Europe at the end of World War II?

answer

officials believed Soviet expansion would not stop at Eastern Europe

question

The US Congress agreed to send hundreds of millions of dollars in aid to these countries as as result of the Truman Doctrine

answer

Greece & Turkey

question

name one effect o the arms race

answer

an ever-present threat of nuclear war

question

said, "Perestroika is an urgent necessity... This society is ripe for change. It has long been yearning for it. Any delay in beginning perestroika could lead to... serious social, economic and political crisis."

answer

Gorbachev

question

"Perestroika is an urgent necessity... This society is ripe for change. It has long been yearning for it. Any delay in beginning perestroika could lead to... serious social, economic and political crisis." What was the author of this passage calling for?

answer

economic and political reforms in the Soviet Union

question

What belief was the US led invasion of Iraq in 2003 based on?

answer

the country possessed chemical and biological weapons

question

Why did Soviet leaders want to control Eastern Europe after World War II?

answer

they wanted a buffer zone of friendly governments to protect against attack

question

What did Churchill use as an image to describe the division of Europe?

answer

an iron curtain

question

What helped drive the tremendous growth of the US economy after World War II?

answer

consumer spending

question

one reason Western Europe made a rapid recovery from World War II

answer

the US provided massive economic aid

question

What caused the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s?

answer

ethnic tensions coupled with a weakening government

question

one reason revolution spread across Eastern Europe in 1989

answer

Gorbachev loosened Soviet control

question

Why was Mao Zedong able to defeat the Nationalists?

answer

most of the people supported him because he promised to improve life for the peasants

question

Which was true under communism in China? - Peasants were moved from the countryside to the cities - The business class was glorified - factory workers took control of the government - land was redistributed to peasants

answer

land was redistributed to peasants

question

Ho Chi Minh's long-term goal

answer

to free Vietnam from foreign domination

question

rise in birthrates after World War II

answer

baby boom

question

young people who adopted new styles of clothing and behavior

answer

counterculture

question

brought the world to the brink of nuclear war

answer

cuban missile crisis

question

Poland's anti-government protest movement

answer

solidarity

question

terrorist organization led by Osama bin Laden

answer

al Qaeda

question

Chile's democratically elected leader

answer

Salvador Allende

question

revolted against Soviet domination in 1968

answer

Czechoslovakia

question

site of a bloody insurgency in Russia

answer

Chechnya

question

this meeting divided Germany into four zones of occupation

answer

Potsdam Conference

question

provided money that helped millions of veterans attend college

answer

G.I. Bill

question

fought to free Kuwait and protect oil supplies

answer

Persian Gulf War

question

fanatical effort to expose Communists in the American film industry and government

answer

Red Scare

World History: Chapter 33 – Flashcards

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