WORLD HISTORY CHAPTER 30 section 1 – Flashcards
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Who became superpowers after WWII and created a military alliance made up of countries it protected, aided or occupied?
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US&USSR
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Who included the US & Western European countries
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NATO( North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
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What did the Warsaw Pact include?
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Russia and Eastern European countries
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What was the nickname given to the border that separated NATO and Soviet dominated countries?
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The Iron Curtain
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What was W Germany called?
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Federal Republic of Germany or FRG
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What was E Germany called?
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German Democratic Republic(GDR)
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W.Germany economy was?
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Capitalist and prospered
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Who was split into 4 zones after WWII?
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Berlin
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Communist economy and government was controlled by
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Stalin
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The Berlin Wall was built in?
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1961
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E Berliners made daring escapes into W Berlin
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Resistance to Soviet Domination in USSR countries/within the Iron Curtain in?
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E. Germany, Poland ,Hungary, Czechoslavakia.
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Against mass arrests of noncommunist leaders governments seizure of?
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Private property
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USSR responded with?
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Violence(invasions, tanks)
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What began after WWII between US & USSR?
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Arms race
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Both ( US&USSR)had nuclear weapons by?
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1949
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US &USSR both had developed more dangerous hydrogen bombs by
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1953
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Britain, France, and China had developed nuclear weapons by
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Late 1960's
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Many nations signed the NPT ( nuclear non proliferation treaty) agreed to not develop nuclear weapons
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1968
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SALT( strategic arms limitation talks) to limit number of nuclear weapons held by each side
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1969
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SALT AND NPT signed in?
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1972 & 1979
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START( strategic arms reduction treaty was signed on
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1991
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Era of Détente( relaxation of tensions)
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Ended in 1979 when USSR invaded Afghanistan
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After WWII, Soviets were aiding communist forces in china & korea
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US and allies formed the
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SEATO( SE Asia Treaty Organization) and the CENTO(Central Treaty Organization) hint for cento: BTIP
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US also established army, navy, air force bases across Europe, Asia N America, Pacific Islands were encircled by US
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...
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Soviet Union also formed alliances with goverments in?
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Africa and Asia
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USSR relations with china lasted from?
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1949-1960
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USSR and allies were known as?
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The soviet bloc
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Superpowers(US &USSR) provided weapons, training, other aid to:
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Korea, Vietnam, Cambodia
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Vietnamese invaded and ended Khmer Rouge genocide, implemented authorization government in
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1979
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Cuba gained independence from Spain in
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1898
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Fulgenico Batista pulled a military coup & obtained power in
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1953
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Rebels led by F. Castro attacked Moncada Barracks
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July 26, 1953
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Castro arrested and set free due to political connections, went to Mexico, planned revolution, bought"Granma"
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July 26, 1953
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Fidel Castro called his movement the
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El movimiento 26 de julio
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Batista left Cuba on
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December 31, 1958
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Castro brothers entered Havana in triumph, prompt elections were never held, Fidel Castor became leader of Cuba
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January 1, 1959
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Fidel Castro began nationalizing homes, businessess, land; restricted political freedom, many cubans left
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Bay of Pigs invasion to bring down communist regime originally supported by Dwight Eisenhower was not supportive, CIA went ahead with plan, but JFK did not send backup, many Cuban exiles were killed
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US trade embargo imposed on Cuba
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US had missiles in
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Turkey
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USSR placed missiles in Cuba, US planes flying over Cuba spotted missiles on
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1962
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JFK imposed naval blockade & demanded that Nikita Krushchev remove missiles from Cuba in
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October 1962
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After a tense 13 days in October, US agrees to dismantle missiles in turkey and never to invade Cuba, which was not made public until
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1989
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Became leader in 1953 when Stalin died, he criticized Stalin and reversed some of his policies
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Nikita Krushchev
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Krushchev was removed from power in
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1964
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Leonid Brezhnev held power from?
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Mid 1960s to 1982
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The soviet network of prison/ labor camps for dissidents is called
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Gulag
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Scientist who spoke out
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Andrei Sakharov
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Awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 1975
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Andrei Sakharov
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Arrested in 1980 when he criticized Soviet invasion of Afghanistan/ exiled to Gorky
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Andrei Sakharov
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Hunger strikes in
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1980s
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Was allowed to return to Moscow in 1986 by Mikhail Gorbachov
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Andrei Sakharov
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Died of a heart attack in 1989
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Andrei Sakharov
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Soldier during WWII p, wrote letter to a friend criticizing Stakin
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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn sent to a prison camp, released when Krushchev was in power in
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1945
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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn wrote about experiences as prisoner, exiled to W. germany and stripped of soviet citizenship in
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1974
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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn died in/on
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Russia in 2008
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Military rivalry as well as a competition between two contrasting economic and political value systems was
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Cold War
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Free markets was based on?
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Cpatilsim
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Capitalist countries have _______ economies
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Market
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Prices are based on_____ & ______
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Supply and Demand
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Most western countries have "_____" economies
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Mixed
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Western European market & capatilist economies have more government control than in the US- they are
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"Socialists"
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US policy toward the USSR-containment(strong support of governments facing invasion or internal communist rebellions
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US shelters were built as fallout shelters stocked with______
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Food
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Fear reached a peak during Cuban missiles crisis on
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October 1962
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Drills in schools reflected widespread fear of a _____ ___
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Nuclear war
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Americans feared communists in US might try to undermine US government is called the
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Red Scare
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This person led hunt for suspected American communists, became notorius for unproven charges, influence faded after he attacked patriotism of US army
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Sen Joseph McCarthy
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HUAC( House Un-American Activities committee) had a campaign to identify supposed communists
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