World History Chapter 13 Section 4 – Flashcards
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sect
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religious group that had broken away from an established church
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Henry VIII
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the break with the Catholic Church was the work not of religious leaders but of this king; decided to take it over and Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy
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Mary Tudor
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King Henry VII and Catherine of Aragon's only one surviving child
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Thomas Cranmer
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archbishop of the new church who annulled the king's marriage
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Elizabeth
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daughter of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn; became queen of England at age 25; used her talents to unify England, expand its international power, and encourage a period of great artistic flowering
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canonize
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recognize as a saint
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compromise
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acceptable middle ground
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Council of Trent
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Led by Italian cardinal Carlo Borromeo, the council met on and off for almost 20 years; the council reaffirmed the traditional Catholic views that Protestants had challenged
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Ignatius of Loyola
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a Spanish knight raised in the crusading tradition; founded a new religious order, the Society of Jesus, or Jesuits. Led by this person, the Jesuits embarked on a crusade to defend and spread the Catholic faith worldwide
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Teresa of Avila
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symbolized the renewal of feelings of intense faith; she established her own order of nuns; asked by superiors in the Church to reorganize and reform Spanish convents and monasteries; widely honored for her work; canonized; spiritual writings still studied
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ghetto
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separate quarters of the city
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Protestants who rejected infant baptism; some also sought radical change
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Who were the Anabaptists?
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Henry VIII declared the Church of England independent of Rome when the pope refused to grant him a divorce from Catherine of Aragon
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Why was the Church of England established?
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Europe remained mainly Catholic; the Church initiated reforms; a new piety was expressed in the arts
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What was the outcome of the Catholic Reformation?
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because they would not convert to Christianity, and because of widespread religious intolerance
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Why were Jews and other people persecuted?
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It led to the establishment of Protestantism as an alternative to Catholicism.
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How did the Reformation bring about two different religious paths in Europe?
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They advocated great social change and very different interpretations of the Bible.
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Why were the Anabaptists considered to be radical?
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They gave Henry VIII the idea to break with the Church; his influence caused the majority of the English to convert to Protestantism.
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How did reforms cause England to become a Protestant country?
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Ignatius was seen as the kind of strong and disciplined leader the Church needed to combat the Reformation.
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Why might the Catholic Church have found the ideas of Ignatius to be particularly relevant to the Catholic Reformation?
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Catholics and Protestants no longer saw each other as social outcasts but continued to view Jewish people as outcasts
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Why did witch hunting decline with the end of the religious wars, while persecution of Jews did not?
