world geography Russia – Flashcards
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how many countries does Russia border?
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14
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how many timezones does it cover?
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9
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what body of water does Russia border in the north?
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atlantic ocean
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what body of water is east of Russia?
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pacific ocean
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what black sea: - forms natural borders between southwestern Russia ad eastern Europe - is the size of California - is the largest inland salt water body in the world?
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Caspian sea
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which river is the longest river in Europe, a vital transportation route, and runs in western Russia near the caspian sea?
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volga river
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which lake is: - the world's oldest and deepest lake at 30 million years old - has an average depth of 2,440 feet - is the most voluminous freshwater lake in the world - contains 20% of the world's surface freshwater that is unfrozen?
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lake baikal
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what part of Russia has a humid continental climate; summers are warm and rainy, winters are cold and snowy?
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western
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what part of Russia has a subarctic climate; short, cool summers, winters are cold and snowy (most ports are closed parts of the year due to ice)?
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eastern
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what landmark separates Europe and Asia?
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Ural mountains
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what place: - has 75% of Russia's population lives there - mild climate - has majority of agriculture and industry - good farmland?
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north european plain
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which mountains: - form the border with Georgia and Azerbaijan - are near the Caspian sea in southwestern Russia?
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Caucasus mountains
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what part of Russia: - is located east of the Ural mountains - is one of the world's coldest climates?
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siberia
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what part of siberia: - has tundra and permafrost covering 40% of it - has a taiga in the south - fishing, hunting seals and walruses, and herding reindeer are common - has few people living there?
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northern
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what part of siberia: - has plains, plateaus, and mountains - is home to the siberian tiger, bears, reindeer, lynxes, wolves, elk, etc.?
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southern
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what is a network of railways connecting Moscow with the Russian far east and the sea of Japan and is the longest on of its kind in the world?
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trans-Siberian railroad
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what peninsula: - is mountainous - has over 120 volcanoes - is part of the ring of fire?
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Kamchatka peninsula
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about when did Russia start?
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800s
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who wrote the Primary Chronicles, a book about the foundation of Russian history?
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Nestor
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what ethnic group started Russia?
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east Slavs
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what was the first city-state in Russia that was on the Don river?
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Kievan-Rus
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when did the early people bring people in to help them govern their city-state?
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900
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what group came in 900 to help the early Russians govern their city-state, and later just governed them?
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Varangians
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who establishes the Ruriki dynasty that was a monarchy?
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Rurik
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how long did the Ruriki dynasty rule?
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900 - 1598
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how long did the Romanov dynasty rule?
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1613 - March 1917
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how long was the Soviet era?
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October 1917 - December 1991
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who were Rurik's son, grandson, and great-grandson?
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Oleg, Igor, Vladimir
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when was the baptism of Russia, where they adopted Eastern Orthodox Christianity?
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988
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Vladimir did not put primogeniture in his will, causing conflict between which three sons?
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suitapolk, boris, and gleb
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who is the leader of the orthodox church?
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holy synod
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when did the Mongolian invasions occur?
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1200s
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what is the name of the land Ghengis Khan conquered during the Mongolian invasion?
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golden horde
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what religion did Ghengis Khan bring to Russia during the Mongolian invasion?
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Islam
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general term for a major ethnic group
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nationality
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self-rule
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sovereignty
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supreme ruler of Russia
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czar
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belief calling for a greater economic equality
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socialism
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member of a revolutionary group led by Lenin
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bolshevik
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philosophy calling for a new society led by workers
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communism
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country controlled by the Soviet Union
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satellite
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struggle between communism and capitalism for world influence
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cold war
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policy of economic restructuring
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perestroika
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belief that there is no God
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atheism
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spiritual leader of the Russian Orthodox Church
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patriarch
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religious image or symbol
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icon
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organized religious persecution
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pogrom
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artists glorified Soviet communism
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socialist realism
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in the AD 600s, Slavs settled near _________ on the north european plain
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waterways
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Kievan Rus was a loose union of __________ organized by the Varangians
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city-states
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Ivan the Great, king of the Muscovites, built a huge fortress called the _______
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Kremlin
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Ivan the Terrible expanded Russian territory and became the country's supreme ruler, called a ____
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czar
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by the late 1600s, Peter the Great had __________ Russia, built ports, and encouraged trade
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modernized
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because of government oppression and extreme poverty, many Russians were drawn to a belief in economic equality known as _________
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socialism
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the Bolsheviks, who believed in _________ took control of the government in November 1917
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communism
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after winning a civil war, the Bolsheviks established a new _______
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country
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countries in the region controlled by the Soviet Union were called __________
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satellites
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the Cold War was the struggle between communism and __________ for world influence
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capitalism
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Mikhail Gorbachev began to restructure Russia's economy through a policy called __________
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perestroika
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the Soviet Union collapsed when all the Soviet Republics declared ___________
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independence
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the move from a command economy to a ______ economy brought severe economic hardship to Russians
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market
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Russia's stability has been threatened by __________ movements
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separatist
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the Poles, Serbs, and Ukrainians are all what?
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slavs
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the Tatars, Chuvash, Bashkirs, and Sakha are all what?
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turkic peoples
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the Dagenstanis, Chechens, and Ingushetians are all what?
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caucasian peoples
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Russia is _____ the size of the US
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twice
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Russia is the world's _______ country
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largest
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what are the 5 climate regions of Russia? s,h,hc,s,t
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steppe, highland, humid continental, subarctic, and tundra
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political openness
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glasnost
