World Geography: Europe study guide – Flashcards
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How large is the continent of Europe when compared to the other continents?
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6th largest continent
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What percentage of the earth's total land area does Europe make up?
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6.5% of earth's surface
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How large is the Europe's population when compared to the other countries?
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3rd most populous
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How large is Europe's population?
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739 million
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Europe and Asia can be combined to form what "supercontinent"?
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Eurasia
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What is considered the dividing line between Europe and Asia?
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Ural Mountains
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Europe is a continent of what?
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continent of the peninsula
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What is a peninsula?
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bodies of land surrounded on 3 sides by water
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The Atlantic Highlands/Scandinavian Shield curves along the northwestern edge of Europe and is an area of what?
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hard, ancient rock shaped by glaciers
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What are long, narrow inlets of the sea surrounded by high, rugged cliffs?
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Fjords
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What is the Northern European Plain also known as?
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Great European Plain
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Agriculturally, how important is the North European Plain to Europe?
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most productive agriculture region
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As the North European Plain moves into Russia, what does it become known as?
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Steppes
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What are the two reasons for the North European Plain's mild climate?
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A.) North Atlantic Drift B.) Westerly Winds
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The North Atlantic Drift is a warm water current that is an extension of what other ocean current?
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Gulf Stream
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What two things does the North Atlantic Drift bring to the North European Plain that is important for the agriculture that takes place there?
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plenty of precipatation for agriculture
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What is the name for the constant flow of air from the west to the east in the temperate zones of the earth?
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Prevailing Westerlies
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In Europe, how do the prevailing westerlies affect the North European Plain's climate?
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keeps climate milder
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What European region is made up primarily of heavily forested land that is sparsely populated?
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central uplands
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What is the highest point of Western Europe?
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Mount Elbrus
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What is the highest point in all of Europe?
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Mount Blanc
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What are two active volcanoes located in Italy?
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Mount Etha and Mount Vesuvius
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What system of government exists where the government controls the means of production (there is no private property)?
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Communism
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After World War II, Eastern Europe was controlled by what communist country?
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Soviet Union
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What did Eastern Europe become known as?
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Communist Russia
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Who was the harsh leader of the Soviet Union and the Communist Bloc?
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Joseph Stalin
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How did communism affect Eastern Europe economically?
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fell way behind Western Europe and still tries to make the ground
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What is the largest island of the British Isles?
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Great Britian
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What is Ireland also known as?
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Emerald Isles
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What is the second largest island of the British Isles?
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Ireland
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What undersea rail tunnel connects the British Isles to mainland Europe?
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Channel tunnel
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What is the more common name used for the Channel Tunnel?
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channel
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Why do the Nordic Countries have such long, harsh winters?
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northern latitude
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What type of energy is produced from the heat of the earth's interior?
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geothermal energy
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What Nordic country uses geothermal energy?
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Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Denmark
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Who are the indigenous people of the Nordic Countries?
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Sami
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The Sami live in a region traditionally known as what?
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Lapland
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The Sami have a pastoral economy which revolves around hearing what animal?
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reindeer herding
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What is another name for the Benelux Countries?
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Low countries
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How populous are the Benelux Countries?
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most densely populated
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How much of the Netherlands land is reclaimed from the sea?
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1/5 of land
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What are the embankments of earth and rock used by the Netherlands to hold back the sea?
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series of dikes
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What is the name used for the land in Netherland that is reclaimed from the sea?
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polder
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What are the polders used for?
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agriculture
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What ethic group lives in one most productive areas of Spain?
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Basque
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What are the Basques an example of?
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cultural divergence
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What is cultural divergence?
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the desire to protect your culture from outside influences
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What have the Basques desired for many years?
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independence
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Where is the Vatican City located?
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inside Rome, Italy
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What is the Vatican City?
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headquarter of the Catholic Church
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What is another name for the headquarters of the Catholic Church?
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the Holy
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What is important about the size of the Vatican City?
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smallest sovereign state in the world
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What economic and political organization was formed in Europe to stimulate trade and build up the economies of its member nations?
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European Union
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What is the common currency of the European Union?
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Euro
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What is the name given to the execution of six million Jews in the Nazi concentration camps during WWII?
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Holocaust
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How many Jews lived in Poland before WWII?
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3 million
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The Nazis forced the Jews of Poland to live where?
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ghettos
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What is a ghetto?
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area of a city where a minority is forced to live
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What did the Nazi's eventually so to the Jews of Poland?
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remove them
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How many Jews live in Poland today?
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less than 10,000
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What country was formed from the Austro- Hungarian Empire after WWI?
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Czechoslovakia
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What two countries later controlled Czechoslovakia?
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Germany and Soviet Union
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What type of revolution did Czechoslovakia use against the Soviet Union?
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Velvet Revolution
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What is a velvet revolution?
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revolution without bloodshed
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What two countries were eventually formed from Czechoslovakia?
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Czechs and Slovaks
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What country was formed after WWI and was made up of six Slavic republics?
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Yugoslavia
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What happened in Yugoslavia after the fall of communism?
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collapse of the country
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What groups battled for control of Bosnia for four years?
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Bosnia- Herzogovia
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What is ethnic cleansing?
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killed over 250,000 and drive away 2 million form their homes
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What is another name for ethnic cleansing?
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genocide
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Who had to step in and reestablish order in Bosnia- Herzegovina in 1995?
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NATO forces
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What were several Serbian leaders later found guilty of?
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war crimes
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Why was the Ukraine important for Eastern Europe?
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agriculture
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What happened in Chernobyl in 1986?
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exploded
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How large is Russia?
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world's largest country
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What is the longest river in Europe?
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Volga River
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What is the world's largest lake?
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Caspian Sea
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What is the world's deepest lake?
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Lake Baikal
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Where is Russia facing ethnic turmoil?
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Chechnya
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What are four other problems Russia is facing?
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organized crime
