World Civilizations II Ch. 14 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
In what way had the Islamic world in the period between 1500 and 1780 changed from its earlier pattern of cultural development?
answer
The Islamic world had developed three distinctive cultural traditions centered around the Mughal, Ottoman, and Safavid empires.
question
How did popular culture in Tokugawa Japan subvert its social order?
answer
It idolized groups such as actors, musicians, and courtesans, who were ordinarily at the bottom of the social hierarchy.
question
Francis Bacon's method of scientific inquiry asserted that:
answer
conducting experiments was the only way that humans could begin to understand the workings of nature.
question
Where did Enlightenment ideas circulate most broadly?
answer
commercial centers and port cities
question
Safavid culture was a mixture of which two elements?
answer
Shiite Islam and Persian culture
question
Why did the Chinese devote a great deal of attention to the science of astronomy?
answer
They believed that the stability of the kingdom depended on the emperor's ability to calculate correct dates for festivals, court sessions, mourning periods, and agricultural work.
question
What characteristic did Enlightenment thinkers believe should be the basis for a person's social status?
answer
talent
question
The most popular books published in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century China were:
answer
study guides for civil service examinations.
question
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the French Encyclopedia?
answer
It singled out some regions, such as China, as examples that Europe should aspire to emulate.
question
Why did the Enlightenment ideal of gathering knowledge appeal to European absolutist monarchs?
answer
More knowledge about their subjects allowed them to exert greater control.
question
The Ottoman tekkes schools that prepared students to become Sufi masters:
answer
promoted social and religious solidarity among the Muslim subjects of the empire.
question
Members of the Ottoman intellectual elite were interested in and curious about foreign ideas in which of the following areas?
answer
science
question
During the first half of the eighteenth century, the Ottoman Empire experienced a period of prosperity and delight in worldly things that was known as the _______.
answer
Tulip Period
question
Adam Smith claimed that universal "laws" of human behavior justified unregulated markets and a laissez-faire economy because:
answer
they allowed human nature to express itself fully.
question
Dý¯n-i Ila¯hý¯ refers to: (Din-d Ilahi)
answer
a mix of Quranic, Catholic, and other influences which emphasized virtuous behaviors.
question
What did Enlightenment thinkers have in common with authors who wrote about sex and corruption?
answer
They were all willing to explore ways of thinking that defied established beliefs and institutions.
question
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, which region of the world saw the emergence of thinkers who believed their understanding of knowledge was universal and objective?
answer
Europe
question
Peninsulars were:
answer
people born in Spain or Portugal who were living in their American colonies.
question
The U.S. Declaration of Independence is an example of what intellectual tradition?
answer
the Enlightenment
question
Who may have been the first European who attempted to classify the peoples of the world?
answer
François Bernier
question
When Captain Cook arrived in Australia, it had:
answer
harsh natural conditions and a sparse population.
question
The Comte de Buffon and fellow Europeans believed that human groups were more or less admirable according to how closely they resembled the people portrayed in which of the following types of artwork?
answer
Greek nude sculptures
question
What role did Europeans who adopted Native American cultures play in New World societies?
answer
intermediaries in commerce and diplomatic communication
question
Under the Tokugawa, Japanese culture was more open to outside influences than were the cultures of other large Asian empires.
answer
true
question
Absolutist governments adopted some Enlightenment ideas even though other ideas challenged absolutist rule.
answer
true
question
Unlike Native Americans, the indigenous peoples of Oceania did NOT succumb to Afro-Eurasian diseases when they came into contact with Europeans.
answer
false
question
The Oyo Empire and Benin produced what type of significant artwork?
answer
sophisticated metalwork
question
Enlightenment thinkers believed in the equality of all people.
answer
false
question
How did the European missionary presence in the Americas differ from the European missionary presence in East Asia?
answer
Missionaries to the Americas were backed up by colonial officials and military power.
question
Creoles in Spanish and Portuguese colonies were drawn to Enlightenment ideas because:
answer
Enlightenment ideas helped to justify their dissatisfaction with colonial rule.
question
As European colonies in the Americas became more prosperous and settled over the course of the eighteenth century:
answer
colonists sought to copy European social and material culture as closely as they could.
question
Which of the following statements best characterizes Native American converts to Christianity during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?
answer
They used Christianity to supplement their existing beliefs, not replace them.
question
Which group of people was consigned to the bottom of Enlightenment-era racial hierarchies?
answer
Africans
question
Scholars in the Ottoman Empire carried out important works in the fields of astronomy and physics, as well as history, geography, and politics.
answer
true
question
How did Asante kings publicly display their connection to the gods?
answer
by carrying golden spears, maces, and other symbols of power
