question

The Thirty Years' War began with religious tensions in

answer

Bohemia

question

Hobbes rejected the idea that individuals living in a state had the freedom to

answer

wage war

question

What new field of mathematics did Newton and Leibniz simultaneously develop?

answer

calculus

question

What aspect of government continued to represent a decentralizing force, even in absolute monarchies such as Louis XIV's France?

answer

tax collection

question

When Dutch Calvinists revolted in 1565, what did they do to Catholic churches?

answer

Stripped the churches of images and sculpture.

question

Even before the invention of the printing press in c. 1454, what technological change made the translation of classical Greek texts into Latin easier?

answer

adopted paper from Islamic Spain

question

Machiavelli's concept of virtù, of an intuitive leader, was derived in part from the political theories of

answer

Aristotle

question

Maria Cunitz popularized the astronomical tables of Johannes Kepler, and corrected some of them.

answer

true

question

Who granted the Hohenzollern rulers of Prussia the title of "king" in 1701?

answer

Holy Roman Emperor

question

One of the reasons commoners became more attentive to religion in the fifteenth century was that they had more __________ available for them.

answer

printed material

question

Charles I of England was forced to summon Parliament in 1642 when he needed

answer

money as his tax revenue had run out

question

Catherine de'Medici of France arranged for a marriage between her daughter, a Catholic, to Henry of Navarre, a Huguenot, hoping to end religious violence.

answer

true

question

Francis I of France was particularly hard on Protestants in his kingdom because he was in a competition with Charles V of Spain for

answer

influence over the pope

question

One sign that states had turned to professional standing armies is that by 1750, most armies

answer

wore uniforms

question

In the early 1500s, France competed with what other state for control of the Italian city-states?

answer

Spain

question

What New Scientist rediscovered the theories of Archimedes on sinking bodies?

answer

Galileo

question

The salon became a popular place to share ideas of New Science because unlike French universities, the salons allowed _____________ to participate.

answer

women

question

In several countries in Western Europe, such as France, Spain, and England, popes in the fifteenth century lost the power to

answer

appoint bishops

question

Shakespeare introduced what kind of plays into Renaissance theatre?

answer

history play

question

Nicolaus Copernicus completed his university education in Italy, where he completed a doctorate of

answer

canon law

question

In 1632 Galileo was sentenced to house arrest for his support of Copernicus's heliocentric theory because it was viewed by the Inquisition as a contradiction of

answer

common sense and new interpretations of a verse from Hebrews

question

Laura Brassi was the first women to receive a doctorate in the New Science, and after being awarded her degree, lectured and experimented on

answer

electricity

question

Peter the Great of Russia paid foreign advisors in

answer

estates

question

At the end of the Thirty Year's war, who emerged as the dominant power in Europe?

answer

France

question

By the eighteenth century, England had a larger navy than France and dominated the world's oceans

answer

true

question

The Portuguese king gave out land grants to Portuguese commoners or nobles who wanted to settle in Brazil, with the stipulation that they

answer

build a fortified coastal village.

question

Based on the chart on page 522, what was the largest ethnic group in South America?

answer

American Indians

question

Native American acquired guns from the Europeans because the Europeans

answer

were in competition with one another and wanted natives to fight with them.

question

If an elite woman in Spanish America was suspected of sexual indiscretion, her husband or father could

answer

confine her to a convent

question

In the late 1600s, indigenous villagers in the southwestern United States revolted against the Spanish when Catholic priests tried to ban

answer

kachina dances and masks

question

Although the settlers paid as many as forty different kinds of taxes, the only income tax they paid was

answer

tithe to the church

question

The main role of Havana, Cuba in the first century of Spanish colonization was

answer

as the port to ship silver to Spain.

question

In Spanish and Portuguese America, it was common for women of working or slave families to

answer

raise children with men

question

Initially, the Europeans who settled in North America acquired land by

answer

purchase from natives

question

Mestizos and mulattos in Spanish and Portuguese America were allowed to hold officer ranks in the militias and to supervise estates and mines.

answer

true

question

At first, the Portuguese were interested in trading the natives of Brazil in order to obtain brazilwood, which was used for

answer

dyeing textiles

question

How did Malinche, his translator, come to the attention of Cortés?

answer

he was given her as a gift of submission

question

In the eighteenth century the New England colonies developed an agricultural export in

answer

tobacco

question

The Virginia tobacco growers were able to construct an early popular assembly in 1619 because the English government was distracted by

answer

religious conflict

question

The Incan nobility regrouped after the loss of Cuzco and managed to rebuild an empire that lasted for almost forty more years, using what tactic?

answer

guerrilla strikes

question

European gunpowder weapons were the single most important factor in the speed with which the Spanish were able to conquer the Aztec and the Inca.

answer

false

question

Harvard College was founded in 1626 to combat the antinomian movement, which argued that Christians should strive for salvation through

answer

inner grace

question

In c. 1499 Pedro Alvares Cabral notified the King of Portugal that he had discovered

answer

Brazil

question

Both the Salem Witch Trials and the Great Awakening revolved around

answer

a literal or fundamentalist interpretation of Protestantism.

question

In the repartimiento system, introduced by the Spanish crown in the 1540s, villagers paid tax in

answer

labor

question

Why did Pizarro abandon Cuzco, the Incan capital, and build a new capital at Lima?

answer

Lima was closer to the coast

question

Settlement of Louisiana was limited by French restrictions on immigration, which allowed only French subjects who were

answer

Catholic

question

Pueblos de indios were colonial policies of

answer

resettlement of native peoples after smallpox epidemics

question

Bartolomé de las Casas became an opponent of the encomienda system after he

answer

he became a priest then a monk

question

Officially, the only Europeans allowed into the pueblos de indios were

answer

Catholic priests

question

South Carolina separated from North Carolina in 1719 in response to a war between English settlers and

answer

Native Americans

question

Located on islands off the coast of Georgia, Gullah was an example of a(n)

answer

creole language

question

In the sixteenth century, Portugal became involved in Ethiopia and brought with them _________ missionaries who threatened the Ethiopian church.

answer

Jesuit

question

The banjo was originally played in ___________ and transported to the Americas with slaves.

answer

west africa

question

What became the largest slave state in the world, and the destination of over half of all African slaves?

answer

Brazil

question

The Songhay, Kanem-Bornu, and Hausa kingdoms were all ___________ regimes, at least among the elites.

answer

Islamic

question

Why did plantation owners put tar on their fences in the Carolina colonies?

answer

To mark runaway slaves who climbed over.

question

A key ingredient in Louisiana "creole" cooking is the ___________, a vegetable from Africa and used is commonly used in gumbos.

answer

okra

question

In the seventeenth century the Carolina colony was a major supplier of what essential naval items?

answer

tar

question

The Songhay emperors were able to dominate vassal states because the Songhay taxed what trade?

answer

gold

question

The Kingdom of Kongo was created by the Portuguese to facilitate their trade in African slaves.

answer

false

question

From 1483 to 1486, the Portuguese explored from the Bight of Benin to the Congo River, hoping to discover

answer

Prester John

question

The Navigation Acts of 1651 and 1660 required all goods transported from England to American colonies to be

answer

transported on English ships.

question

How did the Funj differ from the Hausa?

answer

the Funj converted to Islam across all class lines, not just the elites.

question

In 1511 the Spanish brought 50 African slaves to the Americas, to work

answer

on sugar plantations and gold mining.

question

What did the "letters of marquee" give European sailors legal permission to do?

answer

Attack ships of rival states.

question

The king of Kongo collected a head tax, which was paid in

answer

cowrie shells.

question

To supply trade ships sailing around Africa to India, the Dutch built a fort that evolved into Cape Colony, South Africa, an agricultural colony with many Dutch settlers.

answer

true

question

Beginning in the sixteenth century, the Luo peoples moved into the Great Lakes region and displaced the local social structures with their wealth based on

answer

cattle herding

question

Henry the Navigator of Portugal occupied the Moroccan port of Ceuta, claiming that it was once

answer

Christian

question

Prior to 1800, most interregional trade was for

answer

luxury goods

question

In 1655 the British seized what Spanish colony in the Americas, along with its sugar production?

answer

Jamaica

question

Capoeira was developed by slaves in Brazil as a method of

answer

weaponless training

question

By the eighteenth century, slave status in the Americas was defined by

answer

race

question

After Vasco da Gama circumnavigated the continent of Africa in 1498, Portugal was able to open up direct trade relations with what Asian nation?

answer

India

question

What city did Timur-i lang use as a capital, and as a base for Silk Road trade?

answer

Samarqand

question

Unlike the neo-Confucian cultures of China and Japan, the Islamic and Hindu cultures of Mughal India regarded trade as

answer

honored profession

question

In order to reclaim his empire, Humayun fled to Persia and converted to

answer

Shiite Islam

question

Under Mughal rule, most of India's internal revenue came from taxing

answer

agricultural production

question

How did upper caste Hindus view Muslims, including the Mughals?

answer

ritually unclean

question

The Mughals longtime enemy the Ahoms were, by the seventeenth century

answer

Hindu

question

Akbar had the Mahabharata and Ramayana translated into

answer

Persian

question

In the Persian-Hindu synthesis known as the "Mughal Style" of painting, what was the Hindu contribution?

answer

Vibrant colors

question

Although Babur's forces at the battle of Panipat were outnumbered, he had what technological advantage?

answer

muskets

question

The jiziya was so unpopular that in addition to popular protests, some people converted to Islam to escape it.

answer

true

question

When Hindus converted to Islam in Mughal India, they often continued to observe the rules of the caste system.

answer

true

question

To promote the Islamification of India, Aurangzeb brought back the jiziya, a head-tax on

answer

non-Muslims

question

What are zamindars in the Mughal economic and administrative system?

answer

local chiefs

question

The Isma'ilis Shiites blended Shi'a mysticism with what Hindu practice?

answer

bhakti devotion

question

Why is the Red Fort of Agra red?

answer

it was made of red limestone

question

During the reign of Aurangzeb, the British East India Company and other European interests expanded their ___________ in India.

answer

fortified outposts

question

Islam expanded into the Central Asian Turkic peoples by the fourteenth century thanks to the ease of travel within what empire?

answer

Mongol

question

The Hindu Rajputs decided to revolt against Aurangzeb in 1680 when the Mughals interfered in

answer

Rajput succession, and tried to promote a Muslim.

question

Where was Shah Jahan when he died and his son Aurangzeb inherited the Mughal Empire?

answer

under house arrest by his son Aurangzeb

question

In elite Hindu families, the primary role of women was to bear children and to

answer

manage the household

question

Before he died, Timur-i lang was preparing to invade

answer

Ming China

question

Mughal artistic tastes were very diverse, and during the reign of Jahangir, it was not unusual to see depictions of the Virgin Mary in Mughal portraits.

answer

true

question

Mughal population increased by 1800 due to introduction of crops from America and from the expansion of what into northwest India?

answer

wet rice

question

Why were Europeans pleased that Indian shipping used saltpeter as ballast?

answer

Saltpeter was used in gunpowder.

question

Bombay was an important acquisition by the British East India Company because it gave the company

answer

good harbor

question

What was the first, and longest-lived, European colony in China?

answer

Macao

question

The Qing approach to quelling any rebellions on its periphery including finally defeating the Mongols in the 1720, in a strategy known as "using __________ to check barbarians."

answer

Barbarians

question

In the Sino-Manchu Dyarchy, how did the Manchus ensure their representation in the Chinese bureaucracy?

answer

Set quotas so that a certain number of Manchus were guaranteed to pass.

question

Many of the new crops introduced into China from the Columbian Exchange were acquired from the Spanish through ports in ___________, reflected in the names for those items.

answer

Philippines

question

In 1727, what border area became a protectorate of Qing China, and its traditional Buddhist leader allowed to remain in power as an approved leader?

answer

Tibet

question

Which Qing emperor issued the Thirteen Sacred Edicts based on the Confucian writing of Zhu Xi?

answer

Kangxi

question

Tokugawa Ieyasu claimed to be a descendent of

answer

Minamoto clan

question

The Qing Kangxi emperor was so impressed with Jesuit science that he appointed a Jesuit missionary to be his official court astronomer.

answer

True

question

Absentee landlords in Ming-Qing China were usually gentry who owned rural land but

answer

lived away from the village in a town

question

Pu Songling's Strange Tales from the "Make-Do" Studio were drawn from what literary tradition in China?

answer

pinghua folk tales

question

What profession in Tokugawa Japan did Chikamatsu Monzaemon hold?

answer

playwright

question

Catholic missionaries China set up their headquarters in 1549 in what city?

answer

Malacca

question

The few Dutch who were allowed to remain in Japan following the official move to seclusion had to live where?

answer

Nagasaki harbor

question

The Donglin Academy was created in order to revived what kind of Confucianism?

answer

activist

question

Jesuits assisted the Chinese in negotiating the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689, which fixed the border of China and

answer

Russia

question

One immediate way for a Chinese man to show his rejection of Qing rule, such as during the Taiping Rebellion of 1851-1864, was to

answer

cut off his queue

question

Ming military power was based on their command of gunpowder weapons, and as early as the 1390s, what were the Ming doing with their guns?

answer

mounting them on ships

question

Although he limited their powers in many ways, how did Tokugawa Ieyasu increase the power of the daimyo and samurai?

answer

allowed them power over all commoners

question

What aspect of traditional Chinese women's lives did the Hakka of South China fail to adopt?

answer

footbinding

question

When Dorgon issued the Queue edict, what did he think forcing Chinese men to adopt the queue would show?

answer

loyalty to the Qing emperor

question

Who were the "Folangqi," first encountered by the Chinese in the mid-sixteenth century?

answer

Portuguese

question

Odo Nobunaga employed what in his endeavor to unify Japan under his authority in the late sixteenth century?

answer

European guns

question

The Jesuit "Rites Controversy" refers to their use of what while in China?

answer

tea and rice in the Eucharist

question

what did Tokugawa Ieyasu do to his shogunate that had never been done by a shogunate before in Japanese history?

answer

made it hereditary

question

Matteo Ricci and Ferdinand Verbiest are two examples of what kind of European interest in China?

answer

Catholic missionary

question

According to Adam Smith, the market should be left free of restrictions and allowed to regulate itself by the forces of

answer

supply and demand

question

The potato blight that caused massive famine in Ireland in 1845 probably originated in

answer

Peru

question

The Confederation of 39 German States created by the Congress of Vienna became a power struggle between Prussia and

answer

Austria

question

In the 1700s, as population increased and inflation rose, France was increasingly unable to get any profits out of its Caribbean colonies, adding to the economic burden.

answer

false

question

Why was Voltaire imprisoned in the Bastille when he was young?

answer

He insulted an aristocrat who had him imprison without trial

question

Mozart wrote many pieces of music for what fraternal organization that became very popular with various Enlightenment thinkers?

answer

Freemasons

question

Thomas Paine's Common Sense drew on examples from what tradition?

answer

biblical

question

Austria threatened to declare war on France in 1791 because it feared the revolution would spread there and because of what direct link between the two countries?

answer

Queen Maria Antoinette was Austrian.

question

Where the Estates General of 1788 meet, at King Louis XVI's command?

answer

Versailles

question

Who was overthrown in the Thermidorean Reaction of 1794?

answer

Robespierre

question

Rousseau was an atheist, and believed that man was act his best when he existed in a natural state before he was corrupted by religious systems.

answer

false

question

Why did the Encyclopédie of Diderot have to be published in secret?

answer

The Encyclopédie had been banned the French monarchy and the Catholic Church

question

In the new calendar system devised by Robespierre and the sans-culottes, a week was divided into how many days?

answer

ten

question

Prior to 1848, nationalists in Ireland were divided over what issue?

answer

Whether Irish nationalism would be Catholic or secular

question

In 1789 the Third Estate took the Tennis Court Oath, promising to meet until they had

answer

create a new constitution

question

American colonists objected to paying the tax on tea because they knew the tax was really a subsidy for

answer

British East India Company

question

George Washington and Thomas Jefferson were both from wealthy planter families located in what colony?

answer

Virginia

question

Paul Revere's famous midnight ride was undertaken in response to the British army's attempt to seize what from the colonists in Concord, Massachusetts?

answer

weapons and ammunition

question

The American Constitution created an effective federal system, and provided amendments to address Enlightenment ideals, but avoided any definitive statements on what divisive issue?

answer

slavery

question

Count Cavour, who led Italian unification, served as prime minister of what Italian state?

answer

Piedmont-Sardinia

question

Who was killed in the Boston in 1770 during the Boston Massacre?

answer

American colonists

question

Emperor Louis-Napoleon of France provoked Wilhelm I by preventing one of his relatives from taking the throne of

answer

Spain

question

Although slavery was abolished in the U.S. following the Civil War, freed African Americans in the South lost what kinds of rights between 1877 and 1914?

answer

voting rights

question

Why did Metternich resign as the Prime Minister of Austria in 1848?

answer

Pressure from uprisings in multiple cities and by many different people

question

What was the basic principle of the Physiocrat economists of the eighteenth century?

answer

Economies should be based on freedom and equality.

question

Cheap cotton cloth, called "calicoes" became popular in the eighteenth century because unlike wool, cotton cloth was

answer

easier to wash

question

The Calico Acts of 1700 and 1720, enacted by the British Parliament, were designed to

answer

prohibit the importation of calico to Britain.

question

What method allowed Britain and the United States faster communication by 1866?

answer

telegraph

question

Electricity was used to generate power in the nineteenth century, but its primary role in the industrial revolution was in the field of

answer

communication

question

Why were women and children favored as factory workers in the early 1800s?

answer

they were paid less

question

During the second industrial revolution, what profession began to be dominated by women?

answer

secretarial

question

Belgium, France, and the German states began to industrialize in the 1830s once their populations recovered following

answer

the Napoleonic Wars.

question

In the United States, steamships were used to open up several river systems to trade, as well as the Great Lakes.

answer

true

question

Louis Blanc criticized capitalism and promoted urban workers to protest their lack of voting rights.

answer

true

question

The 1833 Factory Act restricted child labor introducing what as the minimum age for child labor?

answer

nine

question

"Wireless telegraph" became very important in shipping because it allowed ships to communicate

answer

while at sea

question

Why did people emigrate from Ireland in large numbers in the late nineteenth century?

answer

to escape the poverty of underdeveloped areas of Europe

question

The invention of dynamite allowed for construction projects such as the building of what shipping waterway in 1914?

answer

Panama Canal

question

Hiram Maxim invented what new weapon technology in 1884?

answer

machine gun

question

The Bessemer Process of steel production involved the introduction of more __________ into the steel.

answer

Carbon

question

Among the issues promoted by the Chartist movement was that of women's suffrage.

answer

false

question

The use of cordite in weapons was important because it removed what from the battlefield?

answer

smoke from weapons

question

The use of structural steel and steel-reinforced concrete allowed what kind of building construction by the end of the nineteenth century?

answer

high-rise skyscrapers

question

The Glorious Revolution of 1688 in Britain had given more power to the House of Commons in Parliament and to

answer

the merchant class

question

Which industrialist critic tried to organize a national workers strike of trade unions in England?

answer

Robert Owen

question

To encourage the development of their own industries, how did the United States protect its businesses?

answer

instituted high tariffs

question

The most controversial aspect of Darwin's theory of evolution was his principle that

answer

there was no plan for the universe.

question

What medical advances in the second industrial revolution contributed to the rapid population growth experienced by Europe in the late nineteenth century?

answer

vaccinations

question

Generally, Protestants in nineteenth century Europe and the United States were accommodating of industrialism and modern science, although they did have problems with

answer

Darwinism and its implied lack of a divine plan.

question

The flying shuttle, spinning jenny, and water frame were all examples of inventions in what industry?

answer

textiles

question

Who prevented a complete takeover of China by any one foreign power in 1899, by proposing the "open door" policy?

answer

the united states

question

The Qianlong emperor rejects Lord Macartney's request to establish an embassy in China because

answer

China's tribute system did not allow for other states to have embassies

question

The samurai of Satsuma and Choshu domains rebelled in 1863, hoping to

answer

restore the rule of the emperor

question

Protestant missionaries used what offer to entice Chinese people to consider conversion?

answer

medical treatment

question

At the end of the Second Opium War, the Qing were forced to create a new board in the government, the Zongli Yamen, which was intended to handle

answer

all foreign relations with Europe

question

Late Qing Chinese society had many different options when it came to studying the outside world; what did Xu Jiyu contribute to that field?

answer

description of world geography

question

Why did Commodore Perry bring a telegraph set and a model railroad on his trip to Japan to open the country up to trade?

answer

to impress Japanese with American technology

question

Saigo Takamori, a former samurai, wanted to build a geographic buffer zone around Japan in the 1870s and offered to sacrifice himself in an attempt to conquer

answer

Korea

question

At the conclusion of the Boxer Rebellion, the foreign states that formed an alliance to defeat the Boxer demanded the right to put ___________ in China's major cities.

answer

troops

question

The United States used its money from the Boxer Protocols of 1901, the settlement to the Boxer Rebellion, to

answer

sponsor Chinese students studying in America

question

When the Meiji looked to European and American models for their constitution, what country raw materials she needed to keep the factories running

answer

Germany

question

Japan industrialized so rapidly in the late nineteenth century that she had to import most of the raw materials she needed to keep the factories running

answer

true

question

The frustrations and anger of the Boxer Rebellion were sparked by missionary activity by Germans and led to the assassination of the German ambassador

answer

true

question

According to the extraterritoriality policy of the Treaty of Nanjing, British subjects in China were to be tried by the Chinese, but faced more lenient punishments

answer

false

question

In addition to leading an embassy to the United States, what else did Fukuzawa Yukichi do to contribute to the Westernization of Japan?

answer

edited a newspaper

question

Prince Gong was convinced that the Westerners who fought China in the Second Opium War would eventually

answer

assimilate with China as outsiders always did.

question

In 1876 a group of samurai led by Saigo Takamori let a revolt to protest

answer

Westernization of Japan

question

The French joined the British in the Second Opium War in order to

answer

protest Catholic missionaries

question

Japan's interest in Korea and Manchuria brought it into conflict with

answer

Russia

question

Opening up a treaty port in Shanghai gave the British and other European powers access to what crucial waterway?

answer

Yangzi

question

In addition to hating foreigners and being anti-Qing, the Boxers attacked

answer

Christians

question

Why did Qing officials call the Taiping rebels the "long-haired rebels"?

answer

The rebels grew out the hair on their forehead to signal their break with the Qing.

question

When Japanese diplomats were sent to the United States in 1860, what did the Meiji government expect them to do?

answer

keep diaries

question

The Qing agreed to end the Second Opium war after the British and French attacked what city?

answer

Beijing

question

Among the Western-made items that became popular in late-nineteenth-century China was

answer

manufactured cotton

question

An important part of Safavid Persia's limited wealth came from the exportation of _________ textiles.

answer

silk

question

The Land Code of 1858 failed in part because the sultan's government could not afford to

answer

appoint tax collectors

question

Although Russian serfdom was abolished in 1861, serfs were not entirely free, as they had to do what to achieve their freedom?

answer

pay an annual fee for their land

question

Although Russia did finally build railroads by 1890, one problems with her lines was that they

answer

were of a different gauge from the rest of Europe.

question

According to the Fortunate Edict, Christians and Jews were also required to

answer

do military service

question

Many of the Young Ottomans who advocated for a constitution worked in what profession?

answer

journalism

question

Thanks to his role at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, which met to redraw the map of Europe after Napoleon was defeated, Alexander I of Russia became king of a newly recreated Kingdom of Poland.

answer

true

question

Of whom was British envoy George McCartney speaking when he said it was "a great planet that has obtruded itself into our system"?

answer

Russians

question

Nicholas II was a extremely anti-constitutionalist ruler, and distrusted any group outside of the mainstream, which led him to institute pogroms in 1903-1906 against what group of non-Russians?

answer

Jews

question

Why did Witte believe that Russia needed faster access to Siberia?

answer

mineral reserves

question

The Tulip Era of Ottoman history took its name from the

answer

prevalence of gardens in early 1700s residences.

question

In its ongoing struggle with the Ottoman Empire, the Russians took advantage of the Young Ottoman uprising and nationalist movements in

answer

Balkans

question

What was the first country in Europe to create a state based on ethnic nationalism, in 1832?

answer

Greece

question

One of the features of the "New Order" reforms of the Ottoman military was the introduction of new corps of soldiers who were trained in

answer

artillery

question

One of the causes of the Crimean War was the claim of Napoleon III of France to be the special protector of

answer

Christian Holy Places in Palestine.

question

Why did Britain not get involved in the Russo-Japanese War in 1904?

answer

They had a "benign neutrality" agreement with Japan

question

What was the purpose of the Land Engineering School, founded in the Ottoman Empire after 1792?

answer

educate officers in the Ottoman Army

question

The Decembrist revolt in Russia, 1825, was a

answer

military officer revolt

question

Nikolai Gogol is best described as a ___________ writer.

answer

slavophile

question

Napoleon invaded Egypt in 1798 but was driven back to France in 1801 by

answer

British fleet

question

Although secular schools were introduced into the Ottoman world in the late nineteenth century, why did lag in popularity behind religious schools?

answer

the secular schools were underfunded

question

In the 1908 Sultan Abdülhamit formed a secret alliance of soldiers, religious students and religious brotherhoods to oppose

answer

the young turks

question

What office did Sergei Witte hold that allowed him to encourage industrialization in Russia in the 1890s?

answer

finance minister

question

How did the Ottoman Empire deal with the ethnic nationalist movement among the Armenians from 1894 to 1896?

answer

suppressed it with massacres

question

According to the Land Code reform of 1858, all land in the Ottoman Empire belongs to the sultan unless a subject had a specific title.

answer

true

question

The Concert of Europe was successful in preventing war in Europe from 1815 to 1914 and limited European expansion into Africa.

answer

false

question

Britain and France were able to take control of the Suez Canal because

answer

Egypt was unable to repay its debts from construction

question

Under Warren Hastings, men working in India for the East India Company made a personal fortune from the high salaries paid by the Company, to compensate for the dangers of the job.

answer

false

question

Why was the "gin and tonic" drink so popular among the British in India?

answer

the tonic contained quinine to treat malaria

question

In 1884, German chancellor Bismarck called a conference in Berlin and required that all European powers take what approach to Africa?

answer

occupy colonies

question

The Portuguese, who were interested in establishing a trade fort in sixteenth century Malacca, instead moved to Maluku to avoid confrontation with

answer

Aceh Sultanate.

question

By the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the rule of the Mughal was limited to what two cities in India?

answer

Delhi and Agra

question

Muhammad Ali transformed Egypt's traditional farming culture into large estates producing commercially profitable

answer

cotton

question

What was the "thin red line" in British India?

answer

the Indian army

question

In the 1820s the Omanis of the ______________ became the main exporters of clove in the world.

answer

Swahili coast

question

East India Company leader Warren Hastings took a scholarly interest in Indian literature and during his term, Europeans first became aware that

answer

Sanskrit was a branch of Indo-European language family.

question

The British, French, and ________ were the first Europeans to establish trading posts in India.

answer

the Netherlands

question

The British encouraged the Muslims to think that they were protected, at a time when the Muslims were concerned that an independent India would be dominated by

answer

Hindus

question

By 1800, British trade in India shifted its focus from the spice trade to what more lucrative commodity?

answer

cotton

question

The Dutch and British naval trade interests were combined in the Glorious Revolution that

answer

put William of Orange on the throne of England.

question

In the economic downturn of the 1870s, how was Australia able to survive it without significant impact?

answer

gold mining

question

What was the only African state to successfully hold off European colonization?

answer

Ethiopia

question

Al-Hajj Umar, leader of a reforming group in West Africa, forcibly converted native animists.

answer

true

question

The Great Mutiny of 1857 began because of rumors among the Hindu and Muslim Sepoy troops about

answer

use of pig and beef fat on ammunition cartridges.

question

Who supplied local Ottoman corsairs with guns in an attempt to fight off French attempts at colonization?

answer

Britain

question

The last territory taken over by a European power in the Scramble for Africa was

answer

Morocco

question

After 1783, why did the British feel the need to use Australia as a penal colony?

answer

The loss of the American colonies left Britain without a penal colony.

question

The British "divide and rule" approach to India relied upon manipulating the divisions between Hindus and ____________.

answer

Muslims

question

The Great Mutiny also involved a civil war among those Indians who supported British interests in India and those who opposed the British altogether

answer

True

question

With whom did Britain fight a "Great Game" for control of Afghanistan in the 1830s?

answer

Russia

question

The United States issued its Monroe Doctrine in 1823, which was aimed at limiting what was discovered there?

answer

Europe

question

What happened to Vincent Ogé when he and his fellow freedmen revolutionaries surrendered to Spanish forces on Saint-Domingue in 1791?

answer

he was tortured and executed by the French

question

The American settlers in the Mexican province of Texas came into conflict with the Mexican government when they refused to abide by what law?

answer

abolition of slavery

question

Pedro I of Brazil favored created a constitutional monarchy with broad voting rights.

answer

false

question

Immediately after Mexico ceded the territory of California to the United States in 1848, what was discovered there?

answer

largest gold strike

question

Hidalgo avoided an attack on Mexico City, and thus set up his rebel army for defeat, because he was concerned about what?

answer

violence of the rebellion

question

Napoleon sold the Louisiana territory to the United States in 1803 because he hoped to increase the United States' status against what nation?

answer

Britain

question

At the time of the French Revolution in the eighteenth century, the French colony on Hispaniola produced half of the world's supply of what commodity?

answer

sugar

question

Although Mexico was disturbed the Unites States' policy of "Manifest Destiny," Canada welcomed the expansion of the United States because it provided a strong trade partner for Canadian goods.

answer

false

question

Santa Anna led troops to prevent Texan independence, and attacked the Alamo, a ________________ in San Antonio.

answer

Catholic mission

question

In 1810, creoles and pardos called for juntas in support of open elections and to protest when who was removed from power?

answer

Fernando VII

question

Emperor Napoleon III was determined to rebuild France's overseas empire and intervened in Mexican politics after who had been deposed?

answer

Santa Anna

question

In addition to be well educated, and a revolutionary leader, what occupation did Miguel Hidalgo have?

answer

priest

question

In 1914, the United States completed construction on a canal crossing what newly formed state in Latin America?

answer

Panama

question

José de San Martin incorporated what peoples into his Army of the Andes?

answer

black volunteers

question

The United States expanded into the southeast in the 1820s as demand grew for what agricultural product?

answer

cotton

question

Argentine caudillo Juan Manual de Rosas was overthrown following his attempt to intervene in a civil war in what South American country?

answer

Uruguay

question

In the independence revolutions that liberated Argentina, the Spanish defended the region around Potosí most heavily, because the region has what in particular?

answer

silver mines

question

In 1835 the southern province of Rio Grande do Sul broke free of Brazil and was the first territory in that kingdom to

answer

abolish slavery

question

A slave rebellion began in 1791 when Ogé failed to acquire citizen rights for what group?

answer

propertied mulattoes

question

Where was Caribbean revolutionary Vincent Ogé in 1789 when he was first exposed to the new ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity?

answer

France

question

In prerevolutionary French Saint-Domingue, white settlers outnumbered African slaves but still feared slave rebellions.

answer

False

question

France abolished slavery in Saint-Domingue in 1794 after going to war with what nation in 1792?

answer

Great Britain

question

The Haitian Revolution was more radical than the American or French Revolutions that proceeded it because of what factor?

answer

Slaves led the revolution and liberated themselves.

question

Creole cowboys in the Argentine pampas are called

answer

gauchos

question

The "Zimmerman Note" from Germany to Mexico was a telegram promising to do what if the United States declared war on Germany?

answer

allow Mexico to enter the war on the side of Germany

question

The cartoon character of "Betty Boop" is an example of what stereotype from the 1920s?

answer

liberal flatter

question

One of the responses of the United States to the economic problems of the Great Depression was the New Deal, which expanded the spending of the government by

answer

taking the United States off the gold standard and running a deficit

question

The Balfour Declaration promised Palestine to what group?

answer

Jews

question

Lenin's personal animosity toward the Russian tsars was based on ideology and because what happened to his brother?

answer

He was executed for trying to assassinate Tsar Alexander II

question

What group went on the Long March of 6,000 miles in China, in 1934?

answer

Chinese Communist Party

question

Chiang K'ai-shek, the successor to Sun Yat-sen in the Nationalist Party of China (GMD), studied in

answer

Moscow

question

In 1919, the first commercial __________ station began broadcasting sound and voice messages, and new entertainment medium became popular.

answer

radio

question

In 1917, when Tsar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate and a social-democratic government took over control of Russia, it immediately began to negotiate a peace settlement with Germany

answer

false

question

At the start of World War I, which Allied and Central Power involved in the war was no longer a monarchy but a constitutional republic?

answer

France

question

At the beginning of the twentieth century, both Germany and Britain were concerned with preventing what weakened empire from falling?

answer

Ottoman

question

Mussolini proclaimed ____________ the Fourth Shore and encouraged Italians settlers to move there in 1931.

answer

Libya

question

What was Mahatma Gandhi's profession before he became an activist for Indian independence?

answer

Lawyer

question

In 1923, France and Belgium occupied the Ruhr valley when Germany

answer

suspended reparations payments

question

Britain was concerned with keeping authority or influence over the Suez Canal, which led the British to grant only partial independence to

answer

Egypt

question

Why did the occupation of secretary shift from a predominantly male profession to a predominantly female profession in the early twentieth century?

answer

the typewriter and carbon paper made the job "easier."

question

Pu Yi, the last Qing Emperor of China, was placed in charge of ___________ by Japan when they conquered the state in 1931.

answer

Manchuria

question

What facilitated France's ability to modernize and industrialize more successfully than Britain in the interwar period?

answer

So much industry and land was destroyed, it had the opportunity to start anew.

question

Who was responsible for building and organizing the Red Army during the Russian Civil War from 1918 to 1921?

answer

Trotsky

question

The Lateran Accords, 1926-1929, was an alliance between Mussolini's Fascist run Italian government and

answer

the Catholic Church

question

In Mein Kampf, Adolph Hitler blamed three groups for Germany's failure in World War I and the subsequent decade: Jews, Allies, and

answer

Communists

question

The Nineteenth Amendment of 1920 gave whom the right to vote in the United States?

answer

women

question

During the 1920s, half of the British budgets were designated to pay what expenses?

answer

war debts, especially to the United States

question

For Germany's Schlieffen Plan to work, what country had to be defeated first?

answer

France

question

T. E. Lawrence helped whom negotiate a settlement with the British during World War I, promising to help them to create an independent state in Palestine?

answer

the Hashemites

question

How did the election of John Paul II as pope of the Catholic Church encourage the dissident movement in Poland?

answer

John Paul II was Polish encouraged Polish Catholics to protest

question

The anti-Vietnam War movement in the United States began

answer

on college campuses

question

The Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, decision by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1954 decided that what had to happen to American schools?

answer

desegregation

question

Johnson's "Great Society" plan was aimed at ending what in the United States?

answer

poverty and lack of jobs

question

What actions led Bishop Desmond Tutu to win the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984

answer

He called for public sanctions of South Africa.

question

What did the Soviets and OPEC boycott shipments of in the mid-1970s?

answer

oil

question

The only violent overthrow of communism in Eastern Europe took place where?

answer

Yugoslavia

question

Where is Camp David, the site of the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace talks, located?

answer

the United States

question

Unlike the United States and Britain, what was France's policy toward the economic problems of the 1980s?

answer

nationalization of industry

question

Why did OPEC raise prices on oil exports to the United States from 1973 to 1981?

answer

to protest American support of Israel

question

In 1959 China took control of what territory, which eventually led to border disputes with India?

answer

Tibet

question

What is stagflation in reference to the 1970s?

answer

mixture of economic downturn and inflation

question

Glasnost, or openness in the press and politics, began when the Soviet Union could not conceal what event from the world press?

answer

the nuclear accident at Chernobyl, in the Ukraine

question

In the 1973 Arab-Israeli conflict known as the Yom Kippur War, who launched the first attack?

answer

Egypt

question

When the Soviet Union agreed to pull its missile bases from Cuba, the United States agreed in turn to pull its missiles from

answer

Turkey

question

In South African Apartheid, where did black Africans live?

answer

in Bantustans

question

Although Solidarity became a political organization, it began as a

answer

labor union

question

The Brezhnev Doctrine of using military force to keep Soviet satellites in the Warsaw Pact was created in response to an uprising in

answer

Czechoslovakia.

question

What technological breakthrough did China make in October 1964, in spite of her separation from the Soviet Union and its advisors in 1960?

answer

detonated its first nuclear weapon

question

What text was the foundation of Mao's Cultural Revolution and required reading for the Red Guard?

answer

Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong

question

What was the immediate political effect on the United States of the Tet Offensive?

answer

President Johnson announced he was not running for reelection.

question

Truman felt pressured to end segregation in the U.S. military in 1947 in part because the United States had objected to the Nazi policy of racial purity.

answer

true

question

What was Britain's response to the independence movement of Ian Smith in Rhodesia in1965?

answer

expelled Rhodesia from the British Commonwealth

question

When U.S. President John F. Kennedy said "Ich bin eine Berliner," he was protesting what Soviet action?

answer

building the Berlin Wall

question

South Africa's policy of Apartheid was influenced by the immigration of Asians to the area to work in the diamond mines.

answer

true

question

Although the Chinese middle class and the annual GDP of China increased, people's personal income often went into either savings or was spent on ___________ rather than on material goods.

answer

health care

question

Turkey built a deep tunnel under what body of water, as part of a larger pattern of industrialization?

answer

the Bosporus Strait

question

On September 11, 2001, al-Qaeda suicide bombers crashed four hijacked airplanes into the U.S. World Trade Towers, the Pentagon, and

answer

field in PA

question

In the 1990s, the Chinese government allowed its people to rebuild ____________ or Buddhist temples.

answer

Daoist

question

The Tea Party movement in the United States was largely concerned with what it saw as the excessive power of

answer

federal government

question

What killed some 2.5 million people in North Korea in the 1990s?

answer

famine due to drought and flood

question

Osama Bin Laden, the leader of al-Qaeda, had earned his military skill and reputation by fighting the Soviets in

answer

Afghanistan

question

The United States encouraged Asian states that were industrializing, such as Korea and Thailand, to export goods to American as a way of preventing what from spreading to those regions?

answer

communism

question

In 2002, the U.S. military budget was larger than the military budget of the next eight countries combined

answer

true

question

In the 1990s, Vietnam became the third largest exporter of

answer

rice

question

In the 1990s, Vietnam became the third largest exporter of

answer

Argentina

question

To which tier do the United Nations rank the states of the former Communist Bloc that are reindustrializing?

answer

Tier 2

question

In 2000, Hezbollah successfully drove Israeli forces out of what region?

answer

Southern Lebanon

question

In 1992, U.S. President George H. Bush sent troops to invade Iraq, after that country invaded

answer

Kuwait

question

The Chinese middle class became increasingly socially liberal as it acquired more money and education.

answer

false

question

In 2004 the BJP party was defeated in national elections in India because its religiously conservative ideology had led to increased violence against

answer

Muslims

question

Who supplied Hamas and Hezbollah with the rockets they used to attack Israel?

answer

Iran

question

The Mexican peso was devalued in 1994, and was rescued by an IMF loan because President Clinton wanted to get what treaty passed?

answer

North American Free Trade Agreement

question

One of the methods used by Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to increase his popularity in Iran was to offer subsidies to Iranians for

answer

food and gas

question

By importing so many goods from China, the United States helped that nation to do what in the 1990s?

answer

industrialize

question

Although as many as 169 nations participated in the 2005 Kyoto Protocol, which region is the only one likely to reduce its emissions by the promised 5.2 percent?

answer

European union

question

Before he entered politics, what was Barack Obama's professional background?

answer

law professor

question

Under the rule of Hugo Chávez in Venezuela, what kind of government system has remained in place, in spite of middle-class protests?

answer

socialism

question

What happened to the Indonesia President Mohammed Suharto in 1998, in response to its economic crisis?

answer

he was forced from office

question

After defeated Iraq in 1992, the United States and the United Nation both kept what kind of inspectors in the country until 1998?

answer

weapons

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