World Civ-1120 – Flashcards
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The Thirty Years' War began with religious tensions in
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Bohemia
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Hobbes rejected the idea that individuals living in a state had the freedom to
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wage war
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What new field of mathematics did Newton and Leibniz simultaneously develop?
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calculus
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What aspect of government continued to represent a decentralizing force, even in absolute monarchies such as Louis XIV's France?
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tax collection
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When Dutch Calvinists revolted in 1565, what did they do to Catholic churches?
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Stripped the churches of images and sculpture.
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Even before the invention of the printing press in c. 1454, what technological change made the translation of classical Greek texts into Latin easier?
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adopted paper from Islamic Spain
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Machiavelli's concept of virtù, of an intuitive leader, was derived in part from the political theories of
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Aristotle
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Maria Cunitz popularized the astronomical tables of Johannes Kepler, and corrected some of them.
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true
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Who granted the Hohenzollern rulers of Prussia the title of "king" in 1701?
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Holy Roman Emperor
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One of the reasons commoners became more attentive to religion in the fifteenth century was that they had more __________ available for them.
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printed material
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Charles I of England was forced to summon Parliament in 1642 when he needed
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money as his tax revenue had run out
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Catherine de'Medici of France arranged for a marriage between her daughter, a Catholic, to Henry of Navarre, a Huguenot, hoping to end religious violence.
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true
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Francis I of France was particularly hard on Protestants in his kingdom because he was in a competition with Charles V of Spain for
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influence over the pope
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One sign that states had turned to professional standing armies is that by 1750, most armies
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wore uniforms
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In the early 1500s, France competed with what other state for control of the Italian city-states?
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Spain
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What New Scientist rediscovered the theories of Archimedes on sinking bodies?
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Galileo
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The salon became a popular place to share ideas of New Science because unlike French universities, the salons allowed _____________ to participate.
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women
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In several countries in Western Europe, such as France, Spain, and England, popes in the fifteenth century lost the power to
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appoint bishops
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Shakespeare introduced what kind of plays into Renaissance theatre?
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history play
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Nicolaus Copernicus completed his university education in Italy, where he completed a doctorate of
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canon law
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In 1632 Galileo was sentenced to house arrest for his support of Copernicus's heliocentric theory because it was viewed by the Inquisition as a contradiction of
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common sense and new interpretations of a verse from Hebrews
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Laura Brassi was the first women to receive a doctorate in the New Science, and after being awarded her degree, lectured and experimented on
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electricity
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Peter the Great of Russia paid foreign advisors in
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estates
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At the end of the Thirty Year's war, who emerged as the dominant power in Europe?
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France
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By the eighteenth century, England had a larger navy than France and dominated the world's oceans
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true
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The Portuguese king gave out land grants to Portuguese commoners or nobles who wanted to settle in Brazil, with the stipulation that they
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build a fortified coastal village.
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Based on the chart on page 522, what was the largest ethnic group in South America?
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American Indians
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Native American acquired guns from the Europeans because the Europeans
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were in competition with one another and wanted natives to fight with them.
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If an elite woman in Spanish America was suspected of sexual indiscretion, her husband or father could
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confine her to a convent
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In the late 1600s, indigenous villagers in the southwestern United States revolted against the Spanish when Catholic priests tried to ban
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kachina dances and masks
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Although the settlers paid as many as forty different kinds of taxes, the only income tax they paid was
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tithe to the church
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The main role of Havana, Cuba in the first century of Spanish colonization was
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as the port to ship silver to Spain.
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In Spanish and Portuguese America, it was common for women of working or slave families to
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raise children with men
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Initially, the Europeans who settled in North America acquired land by
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purchase from natives
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Mestizos and mulattos in Spanish and Portuguese America were allowed to hold officer ranks in the militias and to supervise estates and mines.
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true
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At first, the Portuguese were interested in trading the natives of Brazil in order to obtain brazilwood, which was used for
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dyeing textiles
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How did Malinche, his translator, come to the attention of Cortés?
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he was given her as a gift of submission
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In the eighteenth century the New England colonies developed an agricultural export in
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tobacco
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The Virginia tobacco growers were able to construct an early popular assembly in 1619 because the English government was distracted by
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religious conflict
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The Incan nobility regrouped after the loss of Cuzco and managed to rebuild an empire that lasted for almost forty more years, using what tactic?
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guerrilla strikes
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European gunpowder weapons were the single most important factor in the speed with which the Spanish were able to conquer the Aztec and the Inca.
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false
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Harvard College was founded in 1626 to combat the antinomian movement, which argued that Christians should strive for salvation through
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inner grace
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In c. 1499 Pedro Alvares Cabral notified the King of Portugal that he had discovered
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Brazil
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Both the Salem Witch Trials and the Great Awakening revolved around
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a literal or fundamentalist interpretation of Protestantism.
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In the repartimiento system, introduced by the Spanish crown in the 1540s, villagers paid tax in
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labor
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Why did Pizarro abandon Cuzco, the Incan capital, and build a new capital at Lima?
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Lima was closer to the coast
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Settlement of Louisiana was limited by French restrictions on immigration, which allowed only French subjects who were
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Catholic
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Pueblos de indios were colonial policies of
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resettlement of native peoples after smallpox epidemics
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Bartolomé de las Casas became an opponent of the encomienda system after he
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he became a priest then a monk
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Officially, the only Europeans allowed into the pueblos de indios were
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Catholic priests
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South Carolina separated from North Carolina in 1719 in response to a war between English settlers and
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Native Americans
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Located on islands off the coast of Georgia, Gullah was an example of a(n)
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creole language
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In the sixteenth century, Portugal became involved in Ethiopia and brought with them _________ missionaries who threatened the Ethiopian church.
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Jesuit
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The banjo was originally played in ___________ and transported to the Americas with slaves.
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west africa
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What became the largest slave state in the world, and the destination of over half of all African slaves?
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Brazil
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The Songhay, Kanem-Bornu, and Hausa kingdoms were all ___________ regimes, at least among the elites.
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Islamic
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Why did plantation owners put tar on their fences in the Carolina colonies?
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To mark runaway slaves who climbed over.
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A key ingredient in Louisiana "creole" cooking is the ___________, a vegetable from Africa and used is commonly used in gumbos.
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okra
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In the seventeenth century the Carolina colony was a major supplier of what essential naval items?
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tar
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The Songhay emperors were able to dominate vassal states because the Songhay taxed what trade?
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gold
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The Kingdom of Kongo was created by the Portuguese to facilitate their trade in African slaves.
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false
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From 1483 to 1486, the Portuguese explored from the Bight of Benin to the Congo River, hoping to discover
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Prester John
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The Navigation Acts of 1651 and 1660 required all goods transported from England to American colonies to be
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transported on English ships.
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How did the Funj differ from the Hausa?
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the Funj converted to Islam across all class lines, not just the elites.
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In 1511 the Spanish brought 50 African slaves to the Americas, to work
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on sugar plantations and gold mining.
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What did the "letters of marquee" give European sailors legal permission to do?
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Attack ships of rival states.
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The king of Kongo collected a head tax, which was paid in
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cowrie shells.
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To supply trade ships sailing around Africa to India, the Dutch built a fort that evolved into Cape Colony, South Africa, an agricultural colony with many Dutch settlers.
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true
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Beginning in the sixteenth century, the Luo peoples moved into the Great Lakes region and displaced the local social structures with their wealth based on
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cattle herding
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Henry the Navigator of Portugal occupied the Moroccan port of Ceuta, claiming that it was once
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Christian
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Prior to 1800, most interregional trade was for
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luxury goods
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In 1655 the British seized what Spanish colony in the Americas, along with its sugar production?
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Jamaica
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Capoeira was developed by slaves in Brazil as a method of
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weaponless training
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By the eighteenth century, slave status in the Americas was defined by
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race
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After Vasco da Gama circumnavigated the continent of Africa in 1498, Portugal was able to open up direct trade relations with what Asian nation?
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India
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What city did Timur-i lang use as a capital, and as a base for Silk Road trade?
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Samarqand
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Unlike the neo-Confucian cultures of China and Japan, the Islamic and Hindu cultures of Mughal India regarded trade as
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honored profession
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In order to reclaim his empire, Humayun fled to Persia and converted to
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Shiite Islam
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Under Mughal rule, most of India's internal revenue came from taxing
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agricultural production
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How did upper caste Hindus view Muslims, including the Mughals?
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ritually unclean
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The Mughals longtime enemy the Ahoms were, by the seventeenth century
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Hindu
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Akbar had the Mahabharata and Ramayana translated into
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Persian
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In the Persian-Hindu synthesis known as the "Mughal Style" of painting, what was the Hindu contribution?
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Vibrant colors
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Although Babur's forces at the battle of Panipat were outnumbered, he had what technological advantage?
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muskets
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The jiziya was so unpopular that in addition to popular protests, some people converted to Islam to escape it.
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true
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When Hindus converted to Islam in Mughal India, they often continued to observe the rules of the caste system.
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true
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To promote the Islamification of India, Aurangzeb brought back the jiziya, a head-tax on
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non-Muslims
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What are zamindars in the Mughal economic and administrative system?
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local chiefs
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The Isma'ilis Shiites blended Shi'a mysticism with what Hindu practice?
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bhakti devotion
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Why is the Red Fort of Agra red?
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it was made of red limestone
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During the reign of Aurangzeb, the British East India Company and other European interests expanded their ___________ in India.
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fortified outposts
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Islam expanded into the Central Asian Turkic peoples by the fourteenth century thanks to the ease of travel within what empire?
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Mongol
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The Hindu Rajputs decided to revolt against Aurangzeb in 1680 when the Mughals interfered in
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Rajput succession, and tried to promote a Muslim.
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Where was Shah Jahan when he died and his son Aurangzeb inherited the Mughal Empire?
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under house arrest by his son Aurangzeb
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In elite Hindu families, the primary role of women was to bear children and to
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manage the household
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Before he died, Timur-i lang was preparing to invade
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Ming China
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Mughal artistic tastes were very diverse, and during the reign of Jahangir, it was not unusual to see depictions of the Virgin Mary in Mughal portraits.
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true
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Mughal population increased by 1800 due to introduction of crops from America and from the expansion of what into northwest India?
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wet rice
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Why were Europeans pleased that Indian shipping used saltpeter as ballast?
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Saltpeter was used in gunpowder.
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Bombay was an important acquisition by the British East India Company because it gave the company
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good harbor
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What was the first, and longest-lived, European colony in China?
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Macao
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The Qing approach to quelling any rebellions on its periphery including finally defeating the Mongols in the 1720, in a strategy known as "using __________ to check barbarians."
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Barbarians
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In the Sino-Manchu Dyarchy, how did the Manchus ensure their representation in the Chinese bureaucracy?
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Set quotas so that a certain number of Manchus were guaranteed to pass.
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Many of the new crops introduced into China from the Columbian Exchange were acquired from the Spanish through ports in ___________, reflected in the names for those items.
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Philippines
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In 1727, what border area became a protectorate of Qing China, and its traditional Buddhist leader allowed to remain in power as an approved leader?
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Tibet
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Which Qing emperor issued the Thirteen Sacred Edicts based on the Confucian writing of Zhu Xi?
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Kangxi
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Tokugawa Ieyasu claimed to be a descendent of
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Minamoto clan
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The Qing Kangxi emperor was so impressed with Jesuit science that he appointed a Jesuit missionary to be his official court astronomer.
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True
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Absentee landlords in Ming-Qing China were usually gentry who owned rural land but
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lived away from the village in a town
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Pu Songling's Strange Tales from the "Make-Do" Studio were drawn from what literary tradition in China?
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pinghua folk tales
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What profession in Tokugawa Japan did Chikamatsu Monzaemon hold?
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playwright
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Catholic missionaries China set up their headquarters in 1549 in what city?
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Malacca
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The few Dutch who were allowed to remain in Japan following the official move to seclusion had to live where?
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Nagasaki harbor
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The Donglin Academy was created in order to revived what kind of Confucianism?
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activist
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Jesuits assisted the Chinese in negotiating the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689, which fixed the border of China and
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Russia
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One immediate way for a Chinese man to show his rejection of Qing rule, such as during the Taiping Rebellion of 1851-1864, was to
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cut off his queue
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Ming military power was based on their command of gunpowder weapons, and as early as the 1390s, what were the Ming doing with their guns?
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mounting them on ships
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Although he limited their powers in many ways, how did Tokugawa Ieyasu increase the power of the daimyo and samurai?
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allowed them power over all commoners
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What aspect of traditional Chinese women's lives did the Hakka of South China fail to adopt?
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footbinding
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When Dorgon issued the Queue edict, what did he think forcing Chinese men to adopt the queue would show?
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loyalty to the Qing emperor
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Who were the "Folangqi," first encountered by the Chinese in the mid-sixteenth century?
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Portuguese
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Odo Nobunaga employed what in his endeavor to unify Japan under his authority in the late sixteenth century?
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European guns
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The Jesuit "Rites Controversy" refers to their use of what while in China?
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tea and rice in the Eucharist
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what did Tokugawa Ieyasu do to his shogunate that had never been done by a shogunate before in Japanese history?
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made it hereditary
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Matteo Ricci and Ferdinand Verbiest are two examples of what kind of European interest in China?
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Catholic missionary
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According to Adam Smith, the market should be left free of restrictions and allowed to regulate itself by the forces of
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supply and demand
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The potato blight that caused massive famine in Ireland in 1845 probably originated in
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Peru
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The Confederation of 39 German States created by the Congress of Vienna became a power struggle between Prussia and
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Austria
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In the 1700s, as population increased and inflation rose, France was increasingly unable to get any profits out of its Caribbean colonies, adding to the economic burden.
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false
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Why was Voltaire imprisoned in the Bastille when he was young?
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He insulted an aristocrat who had him imprison without trial
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Mozart wrote many pieces of music for what fraternal organization that became very popular with various Enlightenment thinkers?
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Freemasons
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Thomas Paine's Common Sense drew on examples from what tradition?
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biblical
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Austria threatened to declare war on France in 1791 because it feared the revolution would spread there and because of what direct link between the two countries?
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Queen Maria Antoinette was Austrian.
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Where the Estates General of 1788 meet, at King Louis XVI's command?
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Versailles
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Who was overthrown in the Thermidorean Reaction of 1794?
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Robespierre
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Rousseau was an atheist, and believed that man was act his best when he existed in a natural state before he was corrupted by religious systems.
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false
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Why did the Encyclopédie of Diderot have to be published in secret?
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The Encyclopédie had been banned the French monarchy and the Catholic Church
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In the new calendar system devised by Robespierre and the sans-culottes, a week was divided into how many days?
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ten
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Prior to 1848, nationalists in Ireland were divided over what issue?
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Whether Irish nationalism would be Catholic or secular
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In 1789 the Third Estate took the Tennis Court Oath, promising to meet until they had
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create a new constitution
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American colonists objected to paying the tax on tea because they knew the tax was really a subsidy for
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British East India Company
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George Washington and Thomas Jefferson were both from wealthy planter families located in what colony?
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Virginia
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Paul Revere's famous midnight ride was undertaken in response to the British army's attempt to seize what from the colonists in Concord, Massachusetts?
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weapons and ammunition
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The American Constitution created an effective federal system, and provided amendments to address Enlightenment ideals, but avoided any definitive statements on what divisive issue?
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slavery
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Count Cavour, who led Italian unification, served as prime minister of what Italian state?
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Piedmont-Sardinia
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Who was killed in the Boston in 1770 during the Boston Massacre?
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American colonists
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Emperor Louis-Napoleon of France provoked Wilhelm I by preventing one of his relatives from taking the throne of
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Spain
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Although slavery was abolished in the U.S. following the Civil War, freed African Americans in the South lost what kinds of rights between 1877 and 1914?
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voting rights
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Why did Metternich resign as the Prime Minister of Austria in 1848?
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Pressure from uprisings in multiple cities and by many different people
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What was the basic principle of the Physiocrat economists of the eighteenth century?
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Economies should be based on freedom and equality.
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Cheap cotton cloth, called "calicoes" became popular in the eighteenth century because unlike wool, cotton cloth was
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easier to wash
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The Calico Acts of 1700 and 1720, enacted by the British Parliament, were designed to
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prohibit the importation of calico to Britain.
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What method allowed Britain and the United States faster communication by 1866?
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telegraph
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Electricity was used to generate power in the nineteenth century, but its primary role in the industrial revolution was in the field of
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communication
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Why were women and children favored as factory workers in the early 1800s?
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they were paid less
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During the second industrial revolution, what profession began to be dominated by women?
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secretarial
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Belgium, France, and the German states began to industrialize in the 1830s once their populations recovered following
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the Napoleonic Wars.
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In the United States, steamships were used to open up several river systems to trade, as well as the Great Lakes.
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true
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Louis Blanc criticized capitalism and promoted urban workers to protest their lack of voting rights.
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true
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The 1833 Factory Act restricted child labor introducing what as the minimum age for child labor?
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nine
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"Wireless telegraph" became very important in shipping because it allowed ships to communicate
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while at sea
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Why did people emigrate from Ireland in large numbers in the late nineteenth century?
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to escape the poverty of underdeveloped areas of Europe
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The invention of dynamite allowed for construction projects such as the building of what shipping waterway in 1914?
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Panama Canal
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Hiram Maxim invented what new weapon technology in 1884?
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machine gun
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The Bessemer Process of steel production involved the introduction of more __________ into the steel.
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Carbon
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Among the issues promoted by the Chartist movement was that of women's suffrage.
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false
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The use of cordite in weapons was important because it removed what from the battlefield?
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smoke from weapons
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The use of structural steel and steel-reinforced concrete allowed what kind of building construction by the end of the nineteenth century?
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high-rise skyscrapers
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The Glorious Revolution of 1688 in Britain had given more power to the House of Commons in Parliament and to
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the merchant class
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Which industrialist critic tried to organize a national workers strike of trade unions in England?
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Robert Owen
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To encourage the development of their own industries, how did the United States protect its businesses?
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instituted high tariffs
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The most controversial aspect of Darwin's theory of evolution was his principle that
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there was no plan for the universe.
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What medical advances in the second industrial revolution contributed to the rapid population growth experienced by Europe in the late nineteenth century?
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vaccinations
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Generally, Protestants in nineteenth century Europe and the United States were accommodating of industrialism and modern science, although they did have problems with
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Darwinism and its implied lack of a divine plan.
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The flying shuttle, spinning jenny, and water frame were all examples of inventions in what industry?
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textiles
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Who prevented a complete takeover of China by any one foreign power in 1899, by proposing the "open door" policy?
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the united states
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The Qianlong emperor rejects Lord Macartney's request to establish an embassy in China because
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China's tribute system did not allow for other states to have embassies
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The samurai of Satsuma and Choshu domains rebelled in 1863, hoping to
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restore the rule of the emperor
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Protestant missionaries used what offer to entice Chinese people to consider conversion?
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medical treatment
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At the end of the Second Opium War, the Qing were forced to create a new board in the government, the Zongli Yamen, which was intended to handle
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all foreign relations with Europe
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Late Qing Chinese society had many different options when it came to studying the outside world; what did Xu Jiyu contribute to that field?
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description of world geography
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Why did Commodore Perry bring a telegraph set and a model railroad on his trip to Japan to open the country up to trade?
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to impress Japanese with American technology
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Saigo Takamori, a former samurai, wanted to build a geographic buffer zone around Japan in the 1870s and offered to sacrifice himself in an attempt to conquer
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Korea
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At the conclusion of the Boxer Rebellion, the foreign states that formed an alliance to defeat the Boxer demanded the right to put ___________ in China's major cities.
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troops
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The United States used its money from the Boxer Protocols of 1901, the settlement to the Boxer Rebellion, to
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sponsor Chinese students studying in America
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When the Meiji looked to European and American models for their constitution, what country raw materials she needed to keep the factories running
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Germany
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Japan industrialized so rapidly in the late nineteenth century that she had to import most of the raw materials she needed to keep the factories running
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true
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The frustrations and anger of the Boxer Rebellion were sparked by missionary activity by Germans and led to the assassination of the German ambassador
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true
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According to the extraterritoriality policy of the Treaty of Nanjing, British subjects in China were to be tried by the Chinese, but faced more lenient punishments
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false
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In addition to leading an embassy to the United States, what else did Fukuzawa Yukichi do to contribute to the Westernization of Japan?
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edited a newspaper
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Prince Gong was convinced that the Westerners who fought China in the Second Opium War would eventually
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assimilate with China as outsiders always did.
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In 1876 a group of samurai led by Saigo Takamori let a revolt to protest
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Westernization of Japan
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The French joined the British in the Second Opium War in order to
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protest Catholic missionaries
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Japan's interest in Korea and Manchuria brought it into conflict with
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Russia
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Opening up a treaty port in Shanghai gave the British and other European powers access to what crucial waterway?
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Yangzi
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In addition to hating foreigners and being anti-Qing, the Boxers attacked
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Christians
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Why did Qing officials call the Taiping rebels the "long-haired rebels"?
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The rebels grew out the hair on their forehead to signal their break with the Qing.
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When Japanese diplomats were sent to the United States in 1860, what did the Meiji government expect them to do?
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keep diaries
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The Qing agreed to end the Second Opium war after the British and French attacked what city?
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Beijing
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Among the Western-made items that became popular in late-nineteenth-century China was
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manufactured cotton
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An important part of Safavid Persia's limited wealth came from the exportation of _________ textiles.
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silk
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The Land Code of 1858 failed in part because the sultan's government could not afford to
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appoint tax collectors
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Although Russian serfdom was abolished in 1861, serfs were not entirely free, as they had to do what to achieve their freedom?
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pay an annual fee for their land
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Although Russia did finally build railroads by 1890, one problems with her lines was that they
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were of a different gauge from the rest of Europe.
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According to the Fortunate Edict, Christians and Jews were also required to
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do military service
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Many of the Young Ottomans who advocated for a constitution worked in what profession?
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journalism
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Thanks to his role at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, which met to redraw the map of Europe after Napoleon was defeated, Alexander I of Russia became king of a newly recreated Kingdom of Poland.
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true
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Of whom was British envoy George McCartney speaking when he said it was "a great planet that has obtruded itself into our system"?
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Russians
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Nicholas II was a extremely anti-constitutionalist ruler, and distrusted any group outside of the mainstream, which led him to institute pogroms in 1903-1906 against what group of non-Russians?
answer
Jews
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Why did Witte believe that Russia needed faster access to Siberia?
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mineral reserves
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The Tulip Era of Ottoman history took its name from the
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prevalence of gardens in early 1700s residences.
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In its ongoing struggle with the Ottoman Empire, the Russians took advantage of the Young Ottoman uprising and nationalist movements in
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Balkans
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What was the first country in Europe to create a state based on ethnic nationalism, in 1832?
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Greece
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One of the features of the "New Order" reforms of the Ottoman military was the introduction of new corps of soldiers who were trained in
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artillery
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One of the causes of the Crimean War was the claim of Napoleon III of France to be the special protector of
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Christian Holy Places in Palestine.
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Why did Britain not get involved in the Russo-Japanese War in 1904?
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They had a "benign neutrality" agreement with Japan
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What was the purpose of the Land Engineering School, founded in the Ottoman Empire after 1792?
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educate officers in the Ottoman Army
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The Decembrist revolt in Russia, 1825, was a
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military officer revolt
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Nikolai Gogol is best described as a ___________ writer.
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slavophile
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Napoleon invaded Egypt in 1798 but was driven back to France in 1801 by
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British fleet
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Although secular schools were introduced into the Ottoman world in the late nineteenth century, why did lag in popularity behind religious schools?
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the secular schools were underfunded
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In the 1908 Sultan Abdülhamit formed a secret alliance of soldiers, religious students and religious brotherhoods to oppose
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the young turks
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What office did Sergei Witte hold that allowed him to encourage industrialization in Russia in the 1890s?
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finance minister
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How did the Ottoman Empire deal with the ethnic nationalist movement among the Armenians from 1894 to 1896?
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suppressed it with massacres
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According to the Land Code reform of 1858, all land in the Ottoman Empire belongs to the sultan unless a subject had a specific title.
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true
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The Concert of Europe was successful in preventing war in Europe from 1815 to 1914 and limited European expansion into Africa.
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false
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Britain and France were able to take control of the Suez Canal because
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Egypt was unable to repay its debts from construction
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Under Warren Hastings, men working in India for the East India Company made a personal fortune from the high salaries paid by the Company, to compensate for the dangers of the job.
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false
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Why was the "gin and tonic" drink so popular among the British in India?
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the tonic contained quinine to treat malaria
question
In 1884, German chancellor Bismarck called a conference in Berlin and required that all European powers take what approach to Africa?
answer
occupy colonies
question
The Portuguese, who were interested in establishing a trade fort in sixteenth century Malacca, instead moved to Maluku to avoid confrontation with
answer
Aceh Sultanate.
question
By the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the rule of the Mughal was limited to what two cities in India?
answer
Delhi and Agra
question
Muhammad Ali transformed Egypt's traditional farming culture into large estates producing commercially profitable
answer
cotton
question
What was the "thin red line" in British India?
answer
the Indian army
question
In the 1820s the Omanis of the ______________ became the main exporters of clove in the world.
answer
Swahili coast
question
East India Company leader Warren Hastings took a scholarly interest in Indian literature and during his term, Europeans first became aware that
answer
Sanskrit was a branch of Indo-European language family.
question
The British, French, and ________ were the first Europeans to establish trading posts in India.
answer
the Netherlands
question
The British encouraged the Muslims to think that they were protected, at a time when the Muslims were concerned that an independent India would be dominated by
answer
Hindus
question
By 1800, British trade in India shifted its focus from the spice trade to what more lucrative commodity?
answer
cotton
question
The Dutch and British naval trade interests were combined in the Glorious Revolution that
answer
put William of Orange on the throne of England.
question
In the economic downturn of the 1870s, how was Australia able to survive it without significant impact?
answer
gold mining
question
What was the only African state to successfully hold off European colonization?
answer
Ethiopia
question
Al-Hajj Umar, leader of a reforming group in West Africa, forcibly converted native animists.
answer
true
question
The Great Mutiny of 1857 began because of rumors among the Hindu and Muslim Sepoy troops about
answer
use of pig and beef fat on ammunition cartridges.
question
Who supplied local Ottoman corsairs with guns in an attempt to fight off French attempts at colonization?
answer
Britain
question
The last territory taken over by a European power in the Scramble for Africa was
answer
Morocco
question
After 1783, why did the British feel the need to use Australia as a penal colony?
answer
The loss of the American colonies left Britain without a penal colony.
question
The British "divide and rule" approach to India relied upon manipulating the divisions between Hindus and ____________.
answer
Muslims
question
The Great Mutiny also involved a civil war among those Indians who supported British interests in India and those who opposed the British altogether
answer
True
question
With whom did Britain fight a "Great Game" for control of Afghanistan in the 1830s?
answer
Russia
question
The United States issued its Monroe Doctrine in 1823, which was aimed at limiting what was discovered there?
answer
Europe
question
What happened to Vincent Ogé when he and his fellow freedmen revolutionaries surrendered to Spanish forces on Saint-Domingue in 1791?
answer
he was tortured and executed by the French
question
The American settlers in the Mexican province of Texas came into conflict with the Mexican government when they refused to abide by what law?
answer
abolition of slavery
question
Pedro I of Brazil favored created a constitutional monarchy with broad voting rights.
answer
false
question
Immediately after Mexico ceded the territory of California to the United States in 1848, what was discovered there?
answer
largest gold strike
question
Hidalgo avoided an attack on Mexico City, and thus set up his rebel army for defeat, because he was concerned about what?
answer
violence of the rebellion
question
Napoleon sold the Louisiana territory to the United States in 1803 because he hoped to increase the United States' status against what nation?
answer
Britain
question
At the time of the French Revolution in the eighteenth century, the French colony on Hispaniola produced half of the world's supply of what commodity?
answer
sugar
question
Although Mexico was disturbed the Unites States' policy of "Manifest Destiny," Canada welcomed the expansion of the United States because it provided a strong trade partner for Canadian goods.
answer
false
question
Santa Anna led troops to prevent Texan independence, and attacked the Alamo, a ________________ in San Antonio.
answer
Catholic mission
question
In 1810, creoles and pardos called for juntas in support of open elections and to protest when who was removed from power?
answer
Fernando VII
question
Emperor Napoleon III was determined to rebuild France's overseas empire and intervened in Mexican politics after who had been deposed?
answer
Santa Anna
question
In addition to be well educated, and a revolutionary leader, what occupation did Miguel Hidalgo have?
answer
priest
question
In 1914, the United States completed construction on a canal crossing what newly formed state in Latin America?
answer
Panama
question
José de San Martin incorporated what peoples into his Army of the Andes?
answer
black volunteers
question
The United States expanded into the southeast in the 1820s as demand grew for what agricultural product?
answer
cotton
question
Argentine caudillo Juan Manual de Rosas was overthrown following his attempt to intervene in a civil war in what South American country?
answer
Uruguay
question
In the independence revolutions that liberated Argentina, the Spanish defended the region around Potosí most heavily, because the region has what in particular?
answer
silver mines
question
In 1835 the southern province of Rio Grande do Sul broke free of Brazil and was the first territory in that kingdom to
answer
abolish slavery
question
A slave rebellion began in 1791 when Ogé failed to acquire citizen rights for what group?
answer
propertied mulattoes
question
Where was Caribbean revolutionary Vincent Ogé in 1789 when he was first exposed to the new ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity?
answer
France
question
In prerevolutionary French Saint-Domingue, white settlers outnumbered African slaves but still feared slave rebellions.
answer
False
question
France abolished slavery in Saint-Domingue in 1794 after going to war with what nation in 1792?
answer
Great Britain
question
The Haitian Revolution was more radical than the American or French Revolutions that proceeded it because of what factor?
answer
Slaves led the revolution and liberated themselves.
question
Creole cowboys in the Argentine pampas are called
answer
gauchos
question
The "Zimmerman Note" from Germany to Mexico was a telegram promising to do what if the United States declared war on Germany?
answer
allow Mexico to enter the war on the side of Germany
question
The cartoon character of "Betty Boop" is an example of what stereotype from the 1920s?
answer
liberal flatter
question
One of the responses of the United States to the economic problems of the Great Depression was the New Deal, which expanded the spending of the government by
answer
taking the United States off the gold standard and running a deficit
question
The Balfour Declaration promised Palestine to what group?
answer
Jews
question
Lenin's personal animosity toward the Russian tsars was based on ideology and because what happened to his brother?
answer
He was executed for trying to assassinate Tsar Alexander II
question
What group went on the Long March of 6,000 miles in China, in 1934?
answer
Chinese Communist Party
question
Chiang K'ai-shek, the successor to Sun Yat-sen in the Nationalist Party of China (GMD), studied in
answer
Moscow
question
In 1919, the first commercial __________ station began broadcasting sound and voice messages, and new entertainment medium became popular.
answer
radio
question
In 1917, when Tsar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate and a social-democratic government took over control of Russia, it immediately began to negotiate a peace settlement with Germany
answer
false
question
At the start of World War I, which Allied and Central Power involved in the war was no longer a monarchy but a constitutional republic?
answer
France
question
At the beginning of the twentieth century, both Germany and Britain were concerned with preventing what weakened empire from falling?
answer
Ottoman
question
Mussolini proclaimed ____________ the Fourth Shore and encouraged Italians settlers to move there in 1931.
answer
Libya
question
What was Mahatma Gandhi's profession before he became an activist for Indian independence?
answer
Lawyer
question
In 1923, France and Belgium occupied the Ruhr valley when Germany
answer
suspended reparations payments
question
Britain was concerned with keeping authority or influence over the Suez Canal, which led the British to grant only partial independence to
answer
Egypt
question
Why did the occupation of secretary shift from a predominantly male profession to a predominantly female profession in the early twentieth century?
answer
the typewriter and carbon paper made the job "easier."
question
Pu Yi, the last Qing Emperor of China, was placed in charge of ___________ by Japan when they conquered the state in 1931.
answer
Manchuria
question
What facilitated France's ability to modernize and industrialize more successfully than Britain in the interwar period?
answer
So much industry and land was destroyed, it had the opportunity to start anew.
question
Who was responsible for building and organizing the Red Army during the Russian Civil War from 1918 to 1921?
answer
Trotsky
question
The Lateran Accords, 1926-1929, was an alliance between Mussolini's Fascist run Italian government and
answer
the Catholic Church
question
In Mein Kampf, Adolph Hitler blamed three groups for Germany's failure in World War I and the subsequent decade: Jews, Allies, and
answer
Communists
question
The Nineteenth Amendment of 1920 gave whom the right to vote in the United States?
answer
women
question
During the 1920s, half of the British budgets were designated to pay what expenses?
answer
war debts, especially to the United States
question
For Germany's Schlieffen Plan to work, what country had to be defeated first?
answer
France
question
T. E. Lawrence helped whom negotiate a settlement with the British during World War I, promising to help them to create an independent state in Palestine?
answer
the Hashemites
question
How did the election of John Paul II as pope of the Catholic Church encourage the dissident movement in Poland?
answer
John Paul II was Polish encouraged Polish Catholics to protest
question
The anti-Vietnam War movement in the United States began
answer
on college campuses
question
The Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, decision by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1954 decided that what had to happen to American schools?
answer
desegregation
question
Johnson's "Great Society" plan was aimed at ending what in the United States?
answer
poverty and lack of jobs
question
What actions led Bishop Desmond Tutu to win the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984
answer
He called for public sanctions of South Africa.
question
What did the Soviets and OPEC boycott shipments of in the mid-1970s?
answer
oil
question
The only violent overthrow of communism in Eastern Europe took place where?
answer
Yugoslavia
question
Where is Camp David, the site of the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace talks, located?
answer
the United States
question
Unlike the United States and Britain, what was France's policy toward the economic problems of the 1980s?
answer
nationalization of industry
question
Why did OPEC raise prices on oil exports to the United States from 1973 to 1981?
answer
to protest American support of Israel
question
In 1959 China took control of what territory, which eventually led to border disputes with India?
answer
Tibet
question
What is stagflation in reference to the 1970s?
answer
mixture of economic downturn and inflation
question
Glasnost, or openness in the press and politics, began when the Soviet Union could not conceal what event from the world press?
answer
the nuclear accident at Chernobyl, in the Ukraine
question
In the 1973 Arab-Israeli conflict known as the Yom Kippur War, who launched the first attack?
answer
Egypt
question
When the Soviet Union agreed to pull its missile bases from Cuba, the United States agreed in turn to pull its missiles from
answer
Turkey
question
In South African Apartheid, where did black Africans live?
answer
in Bantustans
question
Although Solidarity became a political organization, it began as a
answer
labor union
question
The Brezhnev Doctrine of using military force to keep Soviet satellites in the Warsaw Pact was created in response to an uprising in
answer
Czechoslovakia.
question
What technological breakthrough did China make in October 1964, in spite of her separation from the Soviet Union and its advisors in 1960?
answer
detonated its first nuclear weapon
question
What text was the foundation of Mao's Cultural Revolution and required reading for the Red Guard?
answer
Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong
question
What was the immediate political effect on the United States of the Tet Offensive?
answer
President Johnson announced he was not running for reelection.
question
Truman felt pressured to end segregation in the U.S. military in 1947 in part because the United States had objected to the Nazi policy of racial purity.
answer
true
question
What was Britain's response to the independence movement of Ian Smith in Rhodesia in1965?
answer
expelled Rhodesia from the British Commonwealth
question
When U.S. President John F. Kennedy said "Ich bin eine Berliner," he was protesting what Soviet action?
answer
building the Berlin Wall
question
South Africa's policy of Apartheid was influenced by the immigration of Asians to the area to work in the diamond mines.
answer
true
question
Although the Chinese middle class and the annual GDP of China increased, people's personal income often went into either savings or was spent on ___________ rather than on material goods.
answer
health care
question
Turkey built a deep tunnel under what body of water, as part of a larger pattern of industrialization?
answer
the Bosporus Strait
question
On September 11, 2001, al-Qaeda suicide bombers crashed four hijacked airplanes into the U.S. World Trade Towers, the Pentagon, and
answer
field in PA
question
In the 1990s, the Chinese government allowed its people to rebuild ____________ or Buddhist temples.
answer
Daoist
question
The Tea Party movement in the United States was largely concerned with what it saw as the excessive power of
answer
federal government
question
What killed some 2.5 million people in North Korea in the 1990s?
answer
famine due to drought and flood
question
Osama Bin Laden, the leader of al-Qaeda, had earned his military skill and reputation by fighting the Soviets in
answer
Afghanistan
question
The United States encouraged Asian states that were industrializing, such as Korea and Thailand, to export goods to American as a way of preventing what from spreading to those regions?
answer
communism
question
In 2002, the U.S. military budget was larger than the military budget of the next eight countries combined
answer
true
question
In the 1990s, Vietnam became the third largest exporter of
answer
rice
question
In the 1990s, Vietnam became the third largest exporter of
answer
Argentina
question
To which tier do the United Nations rank the states of the former Communist Bloc that are reindustrializing?
answer
Tier 2
question
In 2000, Hezbollah successfully drove Israeli forces out of what region?
answer
Southern Lebanon
question
In 1992, U.S. President George H. Bush sent troops to invade Iraq, after that country invaded
answer
Kuwait
question
The Chinese middle class became increasingly socially liberal as it acquired more money and education.
answer
false
question
In 2004 the BJP party was defeated in national elections in India because its religiously conservative ideology had led to increased violence against
answer
Muslims
question
Who supplied Hamas and Hezbollah with the rockets they used to attack Israel?
answer
Iran
question
The Mexican peso was devalued in 1994, and was rescued by an IMF loan because President Clinton wanted to get what treaty passed?
answer
North American Free Trade Agreement
question
One of the methods used by Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to increase his popularity in Iran was to offer subsidies to Iranians for
answer
food and gas
question
By importing so many goods from China, the United States helped that nation to do what in the 1990s?
answer
industrialize
question
Although as many as 169 nations participated in the 2005 Kyoto Protocol, which region is the only one likely to reduce its emissions by the promised 5.2 percent?
answer
European union
question
Before he entered politics, what was Barack Obama's professional background?
answer
law professor
question
Under the rule of Hugo Chávez in Venezuela, what kind of government system has remained in place, in spite of middle-class protests?
answer
socialism
question
What happened to the Indonesia President Mohammed Suharto in 1998, in response to its economic crisis?
answer
he was forced from office
question
After defeated Iraq in 1992, the United States and the United Nation both kept what kind of inspectors in the country until 1998?
answer
weapons