Whistling Vivaldi Chapters 1-8 – Flashcards

author: claude steele -a social psychologist whose work has studied the impact of race and stereotypes on our culture, behavior and individual successes and failures.

Brent Staples, an African-American psychology graduate student at the University of Chicago, who would whistle Beatles' tunes and Antonio Vivaldi's Four Seasons to keep white people from thinking that he was a criminal when he walked through the affluent neighborhood surrounding the university. Reflects protective mechanisms people use to respond to the stereotypes perpetuated toward them.

because he stated how genetic differences had an influence on the ability to perform well in high level math classes

white students who were told the golf task measured natural athletic ability golfed a lot worse than white students who were told nothing about the task. they tried just as hard but it took them on average three strokes more to get through the course black students were told it measured "sports strategic intelligence" and they golfed worse and took on average 4 more strokes to get through the course

could compare how much women underperformed in advanced math classes, where they reported feeling considerably less stigmatization from a "chilly climate" with how much they underperformed in advanced english classes where they reported feeling considerably less stigmatization of their abilities

psychic damage is the repeated hammering of negative images causes psychic damage and the deficiencies that are hammered dominates all other deficiencies news media focuses on most extreme tv is trying to get ratings distorting reality of what groups of people are really like

recruited strong women and men math students, gave them all a difficult math test alone in a room. fro the group in which they didn't want the women to experience the risk of stigma, they'd present the test as not showing gender differences participants who were told the test did show gender differences, where the women could still feel the threat of stigma confirmation, women did worse than equally skilled men just as in the golf experiment participants who were told the test di not show gender differences, where the women were free of confirming anything about being a woman, women performed at the same high level as equally skilled men. their underperformace was gone

identity contingencies- the things you have to deal with in a situation because you have a given social identity -because you are old, young, gay, black, white etc minimal group effects- a tendency to favor ones own group at the expense of others and a willingness to sacrifice in-group pain. grounded in self esteem. we think well of our group as a way to think well of ourselves. results in discrimination against group members overefforting- BASED ON THE NOTION THAT ONE HAS TO BE TWICE AS GOOD TO BE CONSIDERED EQUAL. •RESULTS IN INEFFICIENT USE OF MIND ENERGY •COULD USE THE TIME TO GET DIFFERENT PEER PERSPECTIVES AND UNDERSTANDING •GIVE SELF-CONFIDENCE IN ONES OWN KNOWLEDGE OF MATERIAL THAT PEERS DID NOT GET. lingering effects -WHEN OUR EMOTIONS ARE STRONG, WE RECOGNIZE THEM MORE READILY, CLEARLY. •WHEN OUR EMOTIONS ARE MODERATE, LIKE THE LINGERING ANXIETY OF CROSSING A SCARY BRIDGE, WE HAVE LESS DIRECT ACCESS TO THEM. critical mass •WHEN THERE ARE ENOUGH MEMBERS OF A "MINORITY" GROUP IN A SETTING SUCH AS A WORKPLACE OR A SCHOOL THAT THEY NO LONGER FEEL AS UNCOMFORTABLE. •REFLECTED IN THE EXPERIENCE OF FORMER ASSOCIATE U.S. SUPREME COURT JUSTICE SANDRA DAY O'CONNOR. •THEN RUTH BADER GINSBERG JOINED THE COURT NOT PRECISE •CRITICAL MASS DOES NOT CAUSE PROBLEMS TO GO AWAY. PROBLEMS ARE DIFFERENT. •FRACTIONS AND CONFLICTS AMONG THE MINORITY GROUP. •APPEARANCE OF FAVORITISM TO SOME MINORITY MEMBERS OVER OTHER MINORITY MEMBERS •SOMETIMES THE DOMINANT GROUP USES THE FAVORED MINORITY MEMBER AS AN EXCUSE TO SAY THAT THEY ARE NOT RACIST, SEXIST, HOMOPHOBIC, ETC.

stereotype threat- fear of being reduced to the negative stereotype that has been rendered to your group people tend to work harder to disprove the negative stereotype ---One of two white students enrolled in a course on African-American politics ---Concerned more about being perceived as racially insensitive than about being unintelligent. ---Concerned more about his lack of participation and self-consciousness than about his performance

MORE MEN CROSSING THE SCARY CAPILANO BRIDGE CALLED THE PERSON ON THE OTHER SIDE, THE ATTRACTIVE FEMALE, FOR MORE INFORMATION.

CONTINGENCY CUES •MARGINALITY: THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE WITH SIMILAR IDENTITIES IN A SETTING •POWER: PEOPLE WITH SIMILAR IDENTITIES IN POSITION OF AUTHORITY •PREJUDICE: INSENSITIVE SYMBOLS •INCLUSIVENESS: LACK OF IMAGES, PHOTOS, ACTIVITIES THAT REFLECT YOUR GROUP.

Wrote a book titled, In the Name of Identity: Violence and the Need to Belong Book explored why people committed terrorism in the name of one's social identity

New York Times book reviewer Passed for white at a time discrimination against blacks was more rigid and obvious. Compared with expatriates who kept race, but left country; he left race, but kept his country.