question

The English Peasants' Revolt, like other popular uprisings of the fourteenth century, had its fundamental origins in:

answer

The economic, social, and political consequences of the Black Death.

question

One consequence of the Black Death was the reversion of farmland to:

answer

Pastures and forests.

question

Compared to the western Europe of 1300, the western Europe of 1450 had ______ people and a(n) ______ standard of living.

answer

Fewer; higher

question

As a result of the depopulation in Europe caused by the Black Death:

answer

Europe's massively depleted ecological resources recovered.

question

Most of the innovations that occurred in farming after the first waves of the Black Death were made by:

answer

Small farmers.

question

Large landholders sometimes responded to the shortage of agricultural works as a result of the Black Death by:

answer

Forcing tenants to do more unpaid labor, imposing new taxes, and requiring new forms of servitude.

question

Women who migrated to cities after the Black Death found their opportunities:

answer

Greatly expanded.

question

The social mobility of the fourteenth century was made possible largely due to the:

answer

Black Death.

question

Which lower-class rebellion in the later Middle Ages involved the revolt of workers in the cloth industry who sought greater participation in local government?

answer

The Florentine Ciompi revolt of 1378

question

Underlying the social unrest of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries lay:

answer

A growing sense of self-confidence.

question

The Black Death and ensuing social unrest resulted in noble families:

answer

Growing wealthier than they had been.

question

A "noble" in Europe was defined as an individual who:

answer

Lived according to a particular lifestyle.

question

Those who claimed aristocratic status in the fourteenth century did so by:

answer

Living lavish and extremely expensive lifestyles.

question

Nobility defined by recognized conspicuous consumption meant that:

answer

Class boundaries were porous.

question

Just as Boccaccio wrote about a group of people telling stories to one another while sitting out the Black Death, _______ wrote about a group of people telling stories to one another while on a pilgrimage.

answer

Chaucer

question

Chaucer wrote "The Canterbury Tales" in:

answer

Middle English.

question

What is the central theme of Christine de Pisan's "The City of Ladies?"

answer

The book is a defense of women against the misogynistic claims of men.

question

The works of Boccaccio, Chaucer, and de Pisan all demonstrate:

answer

The spread of vernacular literacy.

question

The Flemish painter Rogier van der Weyden expressed piety and the ever-present message of the Bible by:

answer

Presenting Biblical figures in contemporary settings.

question

The series of pageant plays performed at York were motivated by devotion but also:

answer

The desire of the guilds to display their wares in the plays.

question

Petrarch believed that the "Dark Ages" were not the pagan past, but the Middle Ages, the time that separated him from:

answer

Direct communication with the classics.

question

Historians today generally use the term "Renaissance" to refer to:

answer

A period in intellectual and cultural history, marked by a new interest in the study of classical learning.

question

Although medieval scholars knew important classical authors such as Virgil and Cicero, the works of ______ were not fully known in western Europe until the Renaissance.

answer

Livy

question

In late medieval Italy there was a renewed interest in studying texts written in Greek because:

answer

Greek-speaking intellectuals fled to Italy as the Mongols and Ottoman Turks continually took territory from the Byzantine empire.

question

The growth of power claims based on classical models, including patronage of the arts, occurred in Renaissance Italy due to the:

answer

Relative weakness of the Church, which no longer provided an alternate model.

question

The early humanist Petrarch criticized late-medieval scholasticism because he felt it:

answer

Concentrated more on abstract speculation than on virtuous living.

question

Humanists believed that excellent scholarship and poetry could only be written in:

answer

Classical Latin and classical Greek.

question

The goal of the humanist education system was to:

answer

Produce virtuous citizens and able public officials.

question

Humanists such as Leon Battista Alberti praised the nuclear family and argued that women should be:

answer

Consigned purely to domestic roles.

question

The great influx of Greek manuscripts from the East in the fifteenth century led to the development of a new interest in a form of literary analysis known as:

answer

Textual criticism.

question

Which of the following Renaissance humanists proved that the "Donation of Constantine" was a medieval forgery?

answer

Lorenzo Valla

question

The Ottoman Turks were able to begin to amass territory in the fourteenth century because:

answer

The Mongols had toppled the older powers that had traditionally kept them in check.

question

When the Ottomans conquered Constantinople in 1453, the primary effect of their conquest on western Europe was:

answer

Psychological.

question

For the Ottomans, their conquest of Constantinople brought:

answer

Vast new wealth, which greatly increased the population of the city.

question

The Ottoman Army that conquered much of the Middle and Near East was composed mostly of:

answer

Slaves.

question

The majority of Ottoman slaves were Christians because:

answer

Muslims were not permitted to enslave other Muslims.

question

The Ottoman empire was tolerant of all faiths EXCEPT:

answer

Non-Sunni Muslims.

question

After the fall of the Byzantine empire, the only surviving proponent of Orthodox Christianity was the:

answer

Russian Orthodox Church.

question

The Muscovite state fostered a sense of unity and history within its peoples by:

answer

Arguing that Muscovy was the divinely appointed successor to the Roman Empire.

question

The French victories over the English during the second phase of the Hundred Years' War were, in part, due to the:

answer

Professionalization of the French Army.

question

Henry V was so successful in taking territory from France during the latter part of the Hundred Years' War that he was able to force the king of France to:

answer

Recognize the English king as the heir to the French throne.

question

Joan of Arc was a problematic leader of the French forces during the latter part of the Hundred Years' War because:

answer

She was a peasant woman.

question

The Holy Roman Empire and the Italian Peninsula did not unite as national monarchies in part because:

answer

Continual armed conflict and shifting alliances prevented the emergence of strong, centralizing rulers in these territories.

question

The Great Schism ended in 1417 when the:

answer

Council of Constance elected a new pope.

question

The failed conciliar movement of the Church was intended to locate the supreme authority of the Church with the:

answer

Delegates of regularly called councils.

question

One way people of the medieval period came to understand the divine in their own lives was through:

answer

"The Imitation of Christ" by Thomas a Kempis.

question

The English Lollards were the lay followers and successors of which late medieval theologian?

answer

John Wycliffe

question

The Lollards advocated for all of these things EXCEPT the:

answer

Marriage of all clerics.

question

Although Jan Hus adopted the ideas of John Wycliffe, he did diverge from Wycliffe in his view of the:

answer

Importance of Eucharistic piety.

question

The emerging national monarchies in late medieval Europe resulted in:

answer

Greater militarization and more warfare.

question

T/F: The reduction in population in the wake of the Black Death allowed most serfs in medieval Europe to become freedmen.

answer

False. It allowed freed peasants to become serfs.

question

T/F: The Jacquerie was a group of French nobles who were effective in passing legislation against peasant demands for lower prices and an end to serfdom.

answer

False. The Jacquerie were French peasants who rebelled against their lords; they weren't French nobles.

question

T/F: The late Middle Ages was a period of aristocratic crisis and peasant prosperity.

answer

False. "[The late Middle Ages] was hardly a period of crisis for those in power." (p. 360)

question

T/F: The fundamental distinction that marked a person as noble was his or her wealth.

answer

True.

question

T/F: Religious devotion in the later Middle Ages sometimes supported commercial enterprises.

answer

True.

question

T/F: The Renaissance was chronologically distinct from the late Middle Ages.

answer

False. Both refer to the same period; however, they reflect two different ways of looking back at the era.

question

T/F: The humanist's insistence on ancient standards of Latin grammar and word choice turned Latin into a dead language.

answer

True.

question

T/F: Petrarch thought the goal of a Christian writer was to inspire people to do good rather than concentrate on abstract speculation.

answer

True.

question

T/F: Before the Ottomans captured Constantinople, some of their number had worked as mercenaries for the Eastern Roman Empire.

answer

True.

question

T/F: Being a slave carried relatively little social stigma in the Ottoman empire.

answer

True.

question

T/F: Ottoman society was closed and intolerant.

answer

False. Ottoman society was actually very tolerant of other faiths (aside from non-Sunni Muslim beliefs).

question

T/F: The title "tsar" means "caesar."

answer

True.

question

T/F: In 1422, Henry VI was king of both England and France, though he was only an infant.

answer

True.

question

T/F: The Council of Pisa succeeded in resolving the Great Western Schism of 1409.

answer

False. The council tried to solve the problem by electing a third pope, but that only increased the problem.

question

T/F: The Lollard movement gained great support in the fourteenth century due to the number of nobles who supported the movement.

answer

True.

Western Civilization to 1648 (HIST-1500) Ch. 11 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards