Western Civilization – Chapter 11, Western Civilization Chapter 11-14 (FINAL REVIEW) – Flashcards

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A contributing factor to the cultural identities that helped national monarchies to form was the:
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use of vernacular languages.
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After 1450, European towns grew significantly in size and economic power because they:
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attracted more people and developed more specialized products and services.
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After the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople, Muscovites:
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declared themselves to be the new Roman Empire.
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Almost immediately after the plague, in the countryside:
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a healthier ecological balance was reestablished.
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As the definition and identity of the nobility became less clear after the plague, __________.
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nobility was increasingly demonstrated by one's lifestyle
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As urban life in northern Germany rebounded from the plague, ___________.
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the Hanseatic League, a corporation of merchant towns, was created
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Boccaccio's Decameron is a series of stories told by people who have moved to the countryside outside Florence to escape the Black Death. The stories are told in:
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colloquial Italian.
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Even after their conquest of Constantinople, many Muslim Ottomans were unable to exert political influence because:
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many elite positions in the Ottoman government were held by non-Muslim slaves
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In 1345, a contingent of Ottoman Turks:
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were hired as mercenaries by Byzantium
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In 1409, in an attempt to resolve the problem of the two papacies, a group of cardinals met in Pisa and:
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elected yet a third pope.
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Joan of Arc's victory at Orléans:
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helped establish the conditions for the coronation of the French king at Reims cathedral.
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Lollards believed:
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that Roman Catholic sacraments were meaningless as the Church was corrupt
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One of the reforms the conciliarists sought was:
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frequent councils, regularly called, to oversee the governance of the Church.
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One of the technological advances that helped to end the Hundred Years' War was:
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the adoption and use of cannons
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Renaissance humanists preferred ancient authors to contemporary ones and backhandedly:
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contributed to the acceptance, use, and popularity of vernacular languages.
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The Council of Basel lasted __________ but accomplished little internal reform within the Church.
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twenty-five years
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The Council of Constance was called primarily to:
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resolve the Great Western Schism.
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The early humanist Petrarch constantly urged:
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the resurrection of interest in classical languages, literature, and art.
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The first English court to use English rather than French as the main language was the court of:
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Richard II.
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The introduction of oil-based paints during the Renaissance allowed artists to
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work more slowly and carefully.
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The social mobility of the fourteenth century was made possible largely by the:
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Black Death
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Two of the countries that illustrate the growth and development of national monarchies were:
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France and England.
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What is the central theme of Christine de Pisan's City of Ladies?
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The book is an allegory that defends the character, capacities, and history of women.
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Which lower-class rebellion during the later Middle Ages involved the revolt of workers in the cloth industry who sought greater participation in local government?
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the Florentine Ciompi revolt of 1378
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Within the Holy Roman Empire between 1350 and 1450, near anarchy prevailed in many places. Only the areas ruled by Bavaria, Austria, and _______________ achieved stability and sustained authority.
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Brandenburg-Prussia
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Who played a smaller role in medieval Italian city-states then they did elsewhere in Europe?
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the feudal nobility
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In comparison with the rest of Europe, Renaissance society was
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more religiously diverse
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Giovanni Pico della Mirandola is best known for
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oration on the dignity of man
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Machiavelli's wrote The Prince was , in part, to advise
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rulers on how to act
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The printing press with movable metal type was invented in the
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mid fifteenth century
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For Erasmus, true religion is
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revealed clearly and simply in the bible
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Generally speaking, one of the major innovations of Renaissance society over medieval society was:
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The primacy of the individual
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Machiavelli thought Cesare Borgia was worthy of praise because of his
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military might and shrewdness
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In the 15th- century, most of the great painters originated from
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Florence
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The final islamic territory to be conquered by Spain was:
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Granada in 1492
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In the year 1500, the social and economic prospects of Europe were
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on the rise, spurred by commercial expansion, increasing population and strong governments
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The term protestant means:
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witnessing
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Luther believed that people were saved by:
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God's grace alone
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Luther believed that priests could marry because:
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There was no spiritual distinction between the laity and the clergy
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Lutheranism was attractive to many princes in Germany because:
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They believed that the new faith would give them more control over religious policies, personnel, and wealth in their territories
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After 1534, Anabaptists were greatly feared by secular authorities in Europe because they:
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were associated with extremist groups that threatened the social order
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With respect to salvation, Calvin argued:
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God alone chose who was saved and who was damned and ones fate could not be changed
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Protestantism introduced a new exemplar of female holiness, the:
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goodwife
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Why would Clement VII not permit King Henry VIII of England to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn?
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Because Catherines nephew, emperor Charles V, controlled Rome at the time and disapproved of Henry's request for an annulment
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At the Council of Trent, the Catholic Church:
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Reaffirmed almost all of the doctrinal claims that Protestants criticized
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The Island that the Portuguese used as a base for the slave trade and sugar plantations was:
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Sao Tomé
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Henry the Navigator is known as:
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Originator of many useful inventions for navigation and sailing
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Portuguese expansion was driven, in part, by Europe's insatiable demand for:
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Spices
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The Dutch East India Company can best be described as
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A vehicle of the Dutch to control the Indian Ocean trade
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The columbian exchange can best be described as:
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The exchange of plants, animals and diseases between the New World and Old
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Large sums of money were made in the New World on the following commodity:
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Sugar
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The Price Revolution of the late 16th- century caused which of the following financial problems:
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Inflation
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French protestants got their faith from:
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Lutherans
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Most people accused of witchcraft in the 17th century were:
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Women
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The majority of the Ottoman slaves were christian because
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Muslims were not permitted to enslave other muslims
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Niccolò Machiavelli
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the eras greatest philosophical pragmatist
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