question

A contributing factor to the cultural identities that helped national monarchies to form was the:

answer

use of vernacular languages.

question

After 1450, European towns grew significantly in size and economic power because they:

answer

attracted more people and developed more specialized products and services.

question

After the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople, Muscovites:

answer

declared themselves to be the new Roman Empire.

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Almost immediately after the plague, in the countryside:

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a healthier ecological balance was reestablished.

question

As the definition and identity of the nobility became less clear after the plague, __________.

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nobility was increasingly demonstrated by one's lifestyle

question

As urban life in northern Germany rebounded from the plague, ___________.

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the Hanseatic League, a corporation of merchant towns, was created

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Boccaccio's Decameron is a series of stories told by people who have moved to the countryside outside Florence to escape the Black Death. The stories are told in:

answer

colloquial Italian.

question

Even after their conquest of Constantinople, many Muslim Ottomans were unable to exert political influence because:

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many elite positions in the Ottoman government were held by non-Muslim slaves

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In 1345, a contingent of Ottoman Turks:

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were hired as mercenaries by Byzantium

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In 1409, in an attempt to resolve the problem of the two papacies, a group of cardinals met in Pisa and:

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elected yet a third pope.

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Joan of Arc's victory at Orléans:

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helped establish the conditions for the coronation of the French king at Reims cathedral.

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Lollards believed:

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that Roman Catholic sacraments were meaningless as the Church was corrupt

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One of the reforms the conciliarists sought was:

answer

frequent councils, regularly called, to oversee the governance of the Church.

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One of the technological advances that helped to end the Hundred Years' War was:

answer

the adoption and use of cannons

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Renaissance humanists preferred ancient authors to contemporary ones and backhandedly:

answer

contributed to the acceptance, use, and popularity of vernacular languages.

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The Council of Basel lasted __________ but accomplished little internal reform within the Church.

answer

twenty-five years

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The Council of Constance was called primarily to:

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resolve the Great Western Schism.

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The early humanist Petrarch constantly urged:

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the resurrection of interest in classical languages, literature, and art.

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The first English court to use English rather than French as the main language was the court of:

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Richard II.

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The introduction of oil-based paints during the Renaissance allowed artists to

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work more slowly and carefully.

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The social mobility of the fourteenth century was made possible largely by the:

answer

Black Death

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Two of the countries that illustrate the growth and development of national monarchies were:

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France and England.

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What is the central theme of Christine de Pisan's City of Ladies?

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The book is an allegory that defends the character, capacities, and history of women.

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Which lower-class rebellion during the later Middle Ages involved the revolt of workers in the cloth industry who sought greater participation in local government?

answer

the Florentine Ciompi revolt of 1378

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Within the Holy Roman Empire between 1350 and 1450, near anarchy prevailed in many places. Only the areas ruled by Bavaria, Austria, and _______________ achieved stability and sustained authority.

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Brandenburg-Prussia

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Who played a smaller role in medieval Italian city-states then they did elsewhere in Europe?

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the feudal nobility

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In comparison with the rest of Europe, Renaissance society was

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more religiously diverse

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Giovanni Pico della Mirandola is best known for

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oration on the dignity of man

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Machiavelli's wrote The Prince was , in part, to advise

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rulers on how to act

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The printing press with movable metal type was invented in the

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mid fifteenth century

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For Erasmus, true religion is

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revealed clearly and simply in the bible

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Generally speaking, one of the major innovations of Renaissance society over medieval society was:

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The primacy of the individual

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Machiavelli thought Cesare Borgia was worthy of praise because of his

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military might and shrewdness

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In the 15th- century, most of the great painters originated from

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Florence

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The final islamic territory to be conquered by Spain was:

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Granada in 1492

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In the year 1500, the social and economic prospects of Europe were

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on the rise, spurred by commercial expansion, increasing population and strong governments

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The term protestant means:

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witnessing

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Luther believed that people were saved by:

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God's grace alone

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Luther believed that priests could marry because:

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There was no spiritual distinction between the laity and the clergy

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Lutheranism was attractive to many princes in Germany because:

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They believed that the new faith would give them more control over religious policies, personnel, and wealth in their territories

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After 1534, Anabaptists were greatly feared by secular authorities in Europe because they:

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were associated with extremist groups that threatened the social order

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With respect to salvation, Calvin argued:

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God alone chose who was saved and who was damned and ones fate could not be changed

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Protestantism introduced a new exemplar of female holiness, the:

answer

goodwife

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Why would Clement VII not permit King Henry VIII of England to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn?

answer

Because Catherines nephew, emperor Charles V, controlled Rome at the time and disapproved of Henry's request for an annulment

question

At the Council of Trent, the Catholic Church:

answer

Reaffirmed almost all of the doctrinal claims that Protestants criticized

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The Island that the Portuguese used as a base for the slave trade and sugar plantations was:

answer

Sao Tomé

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Henry the Navigator is known as:

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Originator of many useful inventions for navigation and sailing

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Portuguese expansion was driven, in part, by Europe's insatiable demand for:

answer

Spices

question

The Dutch East India Company can best be described as

answer

A vehicle of the Dutch to control the Indian Ocean trade

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The columbian exchange can best be described as:

answer

The exchange of plants, animals and diseases between the New World and Old

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Large sums of money were made in the New World on the following commodity:

answer

Sugar

question

The Price Revolution of the late 16th- century caused which of the following financial problems:

answer

Inflation

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French protestants got their faith from:

answer

Lutherans

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Most people accused of witchcraft in the 17th century were:

answer

Women

question

The majority of the Ottoman slaves were christian because

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Muslims were not permitted to enslave other muslims

question

Niccolò Machiavelli

answer

the eras greatest philosophical pragmatist

Western Civilization – Chapter 11, Western Civilization Chapter 11-14 (FINAL REVIEW) – Flashcards

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