question

The great pyramids of Egypt were

answer

part of the Egyptian belief in the afterlife.

question

Civilization involves

answer

settled communities of social groups living together in cities

question

Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of Sumerian life?

answer

nomadic wandering, taking care of flocks

question

Human beings first appeared in

answer

sub-Saharan Africa.

question

The defining elements of civilization in the Neolithic period include all of the following EXCEPT

answer

great stone pyramids.

question

The Mesopotamians used the segagesimal system.

answer

True

question

Among the Hebrew beliefs that have had an important impact on Western Civilization was:

answer

the creation of the world at a specific time, the concept of ethical monotheism, that history was a purposeful, morally significant event

question

During the Paleolithic Age, the basic lifestyle of human beings was primarily

answer

hunting and gathering.

question

The covenant

answer

offered general and binding rules for ethical behavior in monotheism

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Sumerian religion

answer

was noted for it's pessimism

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The most important development of the Neolithic Age was

answer

agriculture

question

The chief rivers of ancient Mesopotamia were

answer

the Tigris and the Euphrates

question

The Code of Hammurabi

answer

included legal rules for inheritance and landholding affairs

question

The Egyptian concept of truth, justice, and order was expressed by the Egyptian word:

answer

ma'at.

question

The earliest stage of human history is called the

answer

Paleolithic Age.

question

A Mesopotamian king was different from an Egyptian pharaoh in that

answer

the Egyptian pharaoh was considered to be a god

question

The great epic poem of ancient Sumer was

answer

The Epic of Gilgamesh.

question

The top part of a ziggurat was accessible to a)common believers b)pharohs and common believers c)kings and common believers in mesopotamia

answer

None of the above

question

The earliest known civilization of Mesopotamia was

answer

Sumer

question

The Sumerian system of writing

answer

is called cuneiform.

question

Unlike Plato, Aristotle

answer

argued that one had to observe and study actual entities rather than seek out ideal forms.

question

Following Alexander's death, his empire

answer

was divided into three main successor kingdoms.

question

The Parthenon is comparable to a ziggurat because

answer

they were both dedicated to the city's protecting god or goddess.

question

The themes of the Greek theater centered on issues of

answer

fate, religion, and politics

question

Although differing in approaches to life, the Hellenistic philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism had many things in common. Which of the following was NOT shared by them?

answer

They argued for an increased participation in the life of the polis

question

Athenian democracy differed from modern democracy in many ways, with several groups excluded. Which of the following was NOT excluded?

answer

the poor

question

Philip II dreamed of conquering Persia but did not do so, because

answer

he was assassinated under circumstances that have never been clearly explained.

question

Which of the following policies did Alexander NOT follow in his imperial rule?

answer

destroying all conquered cities to obliterate non-Greek culture

question

Greek art of the classical period differed from Egyptian art because

answer

It's architecture was more sculptural than axial, it idealized the nude male figure, it was more anthropocentric

question

Alexander's legacy includes

answer

the blending of Greek and Asian cultures, the idea of a single great empire of many peoples ruled by one king, his political conquests although in some regions these did not last long

question

According to Thucydides, the Peloponnesian War was caused by

answer

Sparta's fear of Athens's growing power.

question

Spartan society

answer

gave women considerably more public freedom than other city-states, including athletic training.

question

Socrates believed that

answer

true wisdom lies in the endless search for knowledge

question

During the Hellenistic period

answer

Ancient Middle Eastern and Greek civilizations joined in a manner that changed them both, the eastern Mediterranean was dominated by Greek language and culture, kings ruled large kingdoms rather than citizens ruling independent city-states

question

A Mesopotamian city-state differed from a Greek city-state in that

answer

the latter was a society of citizens

question

Hippocrates, considered the father of modern Western medicine, taught that

answer

all diseases have natural causes that can be discovered by observation.

question

The Greek philosopher who argued that the world of the senses was only a shadow of ultimate reality was

answer

Plato

question

Hellenistic science

answer

made important advances in mathematics and astronomy.

question

The southern Greek states were defeated by Philip II at the battle of

answer

Chaeronea.

question

The oracle at Delphi reputedly received messages from the god

answer

Apollo.

question

The growing disparity between rich and poor in Rome led to

answer

the development of a potentially revolutionary mob in Rome.

question

In the days of the Five Good Emperors,

answer

Most successors were not sons of the emperors but rather men chosen for their ability to rule, some of the emperors had to spend years away from Rome securing the frontiers, they developed a legacy of simplicity of rule and integrity

question

The career of the Gracchi brothers began the decline of the Republic because

answer

supporters of senatorial rule (optimates) became confrontational with supporters of popular rule (populares).

question

Which of the following was NOT a factor holding the Roman Empire together?

answer

ferocious repression of all rebellions

question

Motivations for converting to Christianity among the Roman elite were

answer

Economic, political, and social

question

The numerous misunderstandings that Romans had about early Christianity were probably caused by

answer

the fact that Christians seemed to violate the social order by including the poor, slaves, and women as equals in their congregations.

question

The city of Carthage

answer

had an extensive trading network in the Mediterranean and Africa.

question

The government established by Augustus after 27 B.C.E. has come to be called the

answer

principate.

question

The Gracchi brothers attempted to redistribute land and make jobs for the poor because

answer

the Roman army needed small citizen farmers and taxpayers to fill its ranks.

question

Which of the following is NOT true of the career of Jesus?

answer

He called for the overthrow of the Roman government.

question

In the Roman family,

answer

fathers were the primary ruler, women could wield some political influence through authority over their sons, ancestors

question

The Roman Republic established in 509 B.C.E. was

answer

an oligarchy controlled by the rich patricians.

question

The Romans created a united community during their conquest of Italy by

answer

Granting full or partial citizenship to various Latin communities, granting self-government to peoples as long as they supplied troops to Rome and followed Roman foreign policy

question

Paul of Tarsus taught that all followers of Jesus

answer

needed neither to be circumcised nor follow Jewish dietary laws.

question

The "Struggle of the Orders" was between

answer

Roman patricians and plebeians

question

Julius Caesar achieved supreme power in Rome by

answer

defeating Pompey and his senatorial allies.

question

The system of patrons and clients in the Roman Republic shows that in practice, government depended heavily on

answer

informal relations among people.

question

The traditional soldier in the Roman army was a

answer

tax-paying citizen of Rome.

question

During his principate, Augustus did all of the following EXCEPT

answer

abolish the Senate because of the great opposition that he found there.

question

Which of the following was NOT a factor in the growing disparity between the rich and poor during the second century B.C.E.?

answer

Small Roman farmers grew rich from the booty that flowed into Italy.

question

According to some interpretations, iconoclasm was

answer

the last phase of the Christological controversies that solidified Christian doctrine.

question

Which of the following is NOT among the Five Pillars of Islam?

answer

a long, guided study of Islamic theology before one could become a Muslim

question

The Byzantine emperor Justinian

answer

undertook a major codification of laws that has influenced law to the present.

question

Iconoclasm led to

answer

an exacerbation of the conflict between the popes and the Byzantine emperors on the issue of universal authority.

question

Muhammad believed that he was

answer

the Prophet of God, rescuing the divine message from Christian and Jewish distortions.

question

The Christological controversies centered on

answer

the relation between the human and divine natures of Jesus.

question

A major political question that divided Muslims after the death of the Prophet wasq

answer

whether the caliphate should belong to the descendants of the Prophet and 'Ali, his son in law and cousin.

question

Unlike the imperial government in Rome, the imperial government in Constantinople

answer

used eunuchs in both civil and church administration.q

question

The founder of Western Christian monasticism that had great influence on the Middle Ages was

answer

Benedict of Nursia.

question

Icons are

answer

on I-phone, important for the worship of saints in the Eastern Orthrodox Churches, wooden panels in which holy people are depicted

question

Justinian's efforts to re-conquer the western Mediterranean

answer

led to the reconquest of North Africa and a temporary reconquest of Italy.

question

Stylites became a special phenomenon in monasticism because

answer

of their courageous opposition to some emperors, were perceived to be closer to God, of their uncompromising positions on a variety of social and political issues

question

In what important way did the Byzantine world and the West separate themselves from each other?

answer

The West rejected the iconoclastic religious ideas of the Emperor Leo III, leading to long-lasting religious disputes.

question

The Sunna is a series of

answer

cultural practices associated with Muhammad.

question

The Byzantine Empire

answer

was an eastern continuation of the Roman Empire.

question

Iconoclasm was started by emperors because

answer

they thought that the muslim conquests proved that the Eastern Orthodox Church had strayed from the true path, undermine someone , and felt partically strong feelings....

question

The Islamic conquests succeeded in part because

answer

of the willingness of dissident Christians to prefer Muslim rule in place of Byzantine rule, of a belief that God supported their military expansion, unification of the Bedouin and oasis Arabs created an effective fighting force

question

Historians have criticized the concept of the "fall" of Rome because the

answer

concept of "transformation" fits the evidence better, the barbarians themselves were transformed by adopting elements of Roman culture, eastern half of the empire did not collapse but remained strong for more centuries

question

The capital of the Byzantine Empire was

answer

Constantinople.

question

The five pillars of Islam include

answer

prayer fives time a day

question

Pope Urban proclaimed the First Crusade in order to reclaim the Holy Land for the Christians.

answer

True

question

England and France became less cohesive nation states as a result of the Hundred Years War.

answer

False

question

The Carolingian intellectual revival included all of the following EXCEPT the

answer

undertaking of scientific research.

question

The development of France and England in the Middle Ages were clear instances of the

answer

rise of centralized monarchies.

question

Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the Carolingian monarchy under Charlemagne?

answer

an attempt to conquer Constantinople to make Charlemagne a universal emperor

question

Medieval universities

answer

often arose from cathedral schools, developed from the guilds-- in this case, guilds of masters and students, offered the opportunity to study the trivium and quadrivium

question

The Black Death

answer

originated in Manchuria, killed a third of the European population, was transmitted by fleas

question

The effectiveness of the Carolingian administration rested primarily upon

answer

Charlemagne's designation of traveling inspectors, called missi dominici, to keep him informed.

question

The Black Death of 1348-1350 killed about one third of the European population.

answer

t

question

The Magna Carta in England was intended to support the rights of the commonality against the nobility.

answer

t

question

The Franciscans and the Dominicans were

answer

orders of mendicant friars who lived among the people rather than retiring from society.

question

The Hundred Years' War resulted in a major weakening of French royal power.

answer

f

question

The interdict was a tool medieval popes used to enhance their claims of superiority over all secular rulers.

answer

t

question

Thomas Aquinas believed that

answer

Christian faith and reason, the latter exemplified by Aristotelian philosophy, were compatible.

question

Among the motivations of the crusades were both economic and spiritual matters.

answer

t

question

Late fourteenth-century Europe saw several major peasant revolts.

answer

t

question

The Albigensian crusade was an attempt by the official Roman Catholic Church to reclaim land conquered by the Russians.

answer

f

question

The flagellants were itinerant faithful who understood self-flaggelation as an atonement before god.

answer

t

question

The English barons' rebellion against King John's abuse of feudal custom resulted in the

answer

Magna Carta

question

Ultimately the Crusades

answer

failed in their purpose, with the last crusader outpost seized by the Muslims in 1291.

question

The end of the Middle Ages was marked by

answer

turn towards a more secular approach to life.

question

The Renaissance was mostly secular because

answer

it emphasized applying its ideas to this world, not the next.

question

Humanism was

answer

an educational and cultural program based on the study of Greek and Roman antiquity.

question

The printing press

answer

contributed to the spread of humanist ideas.

question

Renaissance means

answer

rebirth

question

The main characteristics of the Renaissance were

answer

humanism, secularism and individualism

question

The city considered to be the birthplace of the Renaissance is

answer

Florence

question

The Renaissance

answer

is known for major new trends in literature, painting, sculpture, and architecture.

question

Philology is

answer

the study of texts

question

Despots were

answer

leaders of Italian city-states who monopolized power but also patronized the arts

question

The core of Renaissance humanism was

answer

the study of history, literature, and philosophy, stressing grammar, poetry, history, and ethics.

question

The Renaissance is often considered the beginning of a modern secular spirit because

answer

Renaissance scholars, though religious, were usually not men of the churches, monasteries, or universities—institutions dominated by religious thought.

question

Machiavelli believed that the Prince

answer

ought to be feared by his subjects.

question

Humanist scholarship and the arts of the Renaissance

answer

were made possible by patronage.

question

In his famous book, The Prince, Niccolò Machiavelli argued that princes must

answer

be ready to discard ethical principles to succeed.

question

The figure who, more than anyone else, personified the "Renaissance man" was

answer

Leonardo da Vinci.

question

The Renaissance began in

answer

Italy

question

Renaissance intellectuals

answer

invented the tripartite division between the ancient, medieval and modern periods.

question

During the Renaissance, the city of Florence

answer

was controlled by the Medici family, who were major patrons of the arts.

question

A Renaissance man

answer

is an individual of many skills and abilities and constantly seeks to enhance them

question

Hominids

answer

are creatures that look like human beings

question

Homo sapiens

answer

thinking individuals

question

Homo sapiens sapiens

answer

Better thinking individuals (us)

question

Sedentarization

answer

rapid and progressive settling down of the nomads, became less mobile

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