Volcano and Plate Tectonic Test Study Guide Answers – Flashcards
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Meteorologist
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Studies the atmosphere; studies and forecasts the weather
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Thermometer
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Measures temperature (how hot something is)
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Seismologist
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Studies earthquakes
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Geologist
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Studies the history and structure of the earth as it is recorded in rocks
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Anemometer
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Measures wind speed and direction
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Crust
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Outer layer of the earth. Consists of oceanic and continental rock.
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Mantle
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2nd layer of the earth composed of hot plastic-like rock
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Outer Core
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3rd layer of the earth made of molten rock
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Inner Core
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Inner layer of the earth made of solid nickel and iron
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Asthenosphere
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Taffy-like portion of the earth on which the plates float or move
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Pillow Lava
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Mounds that form when lava erupts under water or empties into the ocean
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Magma
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Molten rock below earths surface
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Lava
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Molten rock above earths surface
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Shield Volcano
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Gentle slope, eruption of less viscous lava
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Composite Volcano
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Forms from alternating eruptions of lava and ash
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Cinder Cone Volcano
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Smallest type made from thickened lava and rock fragments ejected from vent
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Lahar
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A mudflow that occurs when rain falls through clouds of ash or when rivers become choked with falling volcanic debris
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Mudflow
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A powerful river of mud or debris composed of volcanic rock fragments, rocky debris, and water
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Viscosity
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Resistance of flow
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Conduit
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A tube-like passageway that magma travels through
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Caldera
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A large, steep-sided, circular volcanic depression that forms when magma retreats or erupts from a shallow underground magma chamber
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Crater
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A small, bowl-shaped hole that forms when rock explodes from a volcano during an eruption
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Lava Dome
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A dome that forms at the top of a volcano when thick, cold magma emerges from the volcanic opening
