VET 202L Final/Practical – Flashcards
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Normal TPR for a Dog?
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T: 100.0-102.2 F P:60-160 BPM R:16-32 RPM
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Normal TPR for a Cat?
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T: 100.0-102.2 F P:140-220 BPM R: 20-42 RPM
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What does Miosis mean?
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excessive constriction of the pupil
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What does BCS stand for?
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Body Condition Score
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What are the 5 rights of drug administration?
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1.) Right Patient 2.) Right Dose 3.) Right Route 4.)Right Time 5.) Right Drug
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What is phlebitis?
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Inflammation of the vein
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2 primary sites for IM injections?
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1.) epaxial 2.) semimembranosus/semitendinosus
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What does Hemolysis mean?
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The rupture or destruction of RBC's
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2 vessels that are common for blood draw?
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1.) Jugular Vein 2.) Cephalic Vein
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Why do we draw arterial blood samples?
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to run blood gases
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what artery we can draw a sample from?
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femoral artery
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what does hyperplasia mean?
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enlargement of an organ/tissue caused by increase in reproduction rate of cells
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what type of organism are we looking for when we do a skin scraping?
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Mites
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What is the woods lamp used to detect?
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Mycrosporum canis (ringworm)
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What species can be asymptomatic carriers of this organism?
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Cats
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using a face clock, where are the anal sacs located?
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5 & 7 o'clock
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what does nystagmus mean?
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rhythmic, oscillating motion of the eyes
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what tube do you use for a CBC and a chemistry?
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EDTA (purple top)
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What does FLUTD stand for?
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Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease
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What is the appropriate term for stones in the bladder?
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Cystolith (urolith)
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which type of skin mite is zoonotic?
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sarcoptes
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what does pruritus mean?
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Sever itching of the skin
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How do you test for a corneal ulcer?
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Fluorescein Stain
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what does enucleation mean?
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The removal of the eye including eye muscles and all eye contents intact.
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which test should be performed first before anything else is put into the eye?
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Shirmer Tear Test (STT)
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If an animal is suspected to have a bleeding disorder what vessel do you not draw blood from?
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Jugular Vein
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What does epistaxis mean?
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nosebleed
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Name one reason we may pass a urinary catheter?
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Obstruction in the bladder so you would not be able to perform a cystocentesis.
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why is it necessary to measure the catheter before placing it?
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To much catheter could lead to it knotting inside the bladder which would need to be removed with surgery.
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what type of catheter would be appropriate to place in a male dog if it was to stay in for a long period of time?
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Red Rubber
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One contraindication to performing a cystocentesis?
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Obstruction/Blockage
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what does CVP stand for?
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Central Venous Pressure
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when placing and IV catheter where should you start? A. Distal B. Proximal
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A. Distal
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When placing a jugular catheter, where do you want the tip of the catheter to be?
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Just before the Right Atrium
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Where are you most likely to find sarcoptes?
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On the ears and the pressure points
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name one reason for passing an orogastric tube?
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To give medication (radiographic material)
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We flush the orogastric tube with sterile saline, why?
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To be sure we are not in the trachea or lungs.
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What should you do before removing a gastric tube?
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Kink the tubing to keep the contents from entering into the lungs.
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What does dyspnea mean?
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Difficulty breathing
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Name two way you can verify that the orogastric or nasogastric tube is in the stomach?
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1.)smelling the end of the tube for the smell of stomach contents. 2.) placing sterile saline into the tube if not in the stomach they will start choking
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Medical term for a nosebleed?
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Epistaxis
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Two things you should tell a client about bandage care and what they should watch for?
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1.) keep the bandage as dry as possible 2.) swelling/discoloration of the paws/pads on the paw.
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T or F: when bandaging a paw you should start Proximal and work Distally?
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False: it is start distal and work proximal
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what is an ehmer sling used for?
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hind limbs only!
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Name the three layers of a bandage.
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1.)Primary 2.)Seconday 3.)Tertiary
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what is a velpeau bandage used for?
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Prevents any weight bearing on front limb, used for non surgical scapular fractures, etc.
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what does hematuria mean?
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bloody urine/blood in the urine
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what is stertor?
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heavy snoring/gasping (brachyocephalic)
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what does alopecia mean?
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partial/complete absence of hair from areas of the body where it normally grows
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what does aniscoria mean?
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inequality in the size of the pupil of the eye
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what is conscious proprioception?
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conscious awareness of body position and movement of body segments
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why is it important for proper restraint?
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so both the patient and the restrainer do not get hurt
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an animal has a low PCV, what does this mean?
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Animea
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The animal had increases in BUN and Creatinine. what organ(s) are these values associated with?
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Kidneys
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the animal has increases in Alkp and ALT, what organ(s) are these values associated with?
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Liver
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What are two open ended questions you can ask while taking a history on a derm patient?
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1.)what type of environment does the patient live in? Is it wooded or do they live more in a city? 2.) When does the problem seem to be occurring? Is it seasonal or after certain activities?
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How can you tell the difference between dirt and flea dirt?
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spraying the sample with water and if it turns red it is flea dirt, but if it stays brown it is just regular dirt
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what are the most common findings in an ear smear?
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1.) Bacteria 2.) Yeast
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why should you pinch the skin prior to preforming a skin scraping?
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to bring the mites to the surface and to localize them
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what is a trichogram?
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microscopic examination of hair shafts
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2 questions you should ask as part of the history when an animal is having urinary issues?
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1.)How frequent do they urinate? 2.)Are they straining to urinate?
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2 complications that may occur from a cystocentesis?
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1.)Hematuria 2.)Laceration/rupture of urinary bladder
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what does peritonitis mean?
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inflammation of the peritoneum
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what is the term for blood in the urine?
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Hematuria
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what is the name for the third eyelid?
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nictitating membrane
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cataracts form in which portion of the eye
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lens
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OD means what?
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Right eye
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OS means what?
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Left eye
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OU means what?
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Both eyes
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What does a Shirmer Tear Test test for?
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tear production
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what disease does STT indicate?
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Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS)
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How do you test for glaucoma?
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Using a tonometry
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When administering multiple eye medications how much time is needed in between each one?
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5 minutes
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A urinary catheter should be left in place for how long?
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24-48 hours
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two indications for a IV catheter placement.
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1.) Administration of variety of substances (crystalloids/colloid fluids) 2.) obtaining multiple blood samples
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what are the different types of peripheral venous catheters?
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1.) Winged tip/ Butterfly 2.)over-the-needle 3.)through-the-needle
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what is the angle you should enter the vein when placing a peripheral venous catheter?
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15 degrees
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which veins can a central venous catheter be placed?
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Jugular Vein Medial Saphenous Vein Lateral Saphenous Vein
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where can IO catheters be placed?
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into the medullary cavity of the femur
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what are some problems that may be seen with a catheter?
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Edema, redness, swelling, heat, hardening. irritation
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when is an indication an IV catheter should be removed?
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when the patient become febrile
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where do the PE findings go in an SOAP?
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O
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Where can you palpate the pulse on a dog or cat?
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Femoral Artery
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what lymph nodes can be palpable in a NORMAL animal?
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1.)submandibular 2.) popliteal
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what does ataxia mean?
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failure muscle coordination
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List needle sizes from smallest to largest: 18g,25g,22g,16g
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25g,22g,18g,16g
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2 biggest complications with parenteral injections?
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1.) inflammation 2.) infection
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T or F: when drawing blood you should start more distally?
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True
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why is it important to wear gloves with patients suspected to have ringworm?
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ringworm is zoonotic
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what does a tonopen test for?
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intraocular pressure
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what is considered normal for CVP?
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0-5 mmgH
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2 complications with IV catheter placement
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1.)Occlusion 2.)Phlebitis
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what information does the signalment provide?
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Breed, Age, Sex, Reproduction status, Weight
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what instrument is used to examine the ears?
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Otoscope
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what instrument is used to examine the eyes?
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ophthalmoscope
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Lingual ulcers in a cat are indications of what virus?
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Feline calicivirus
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yellow discoloration of the MM and/or sclera is referred to as?
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Jaundice
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what is the angle you should direct the needle when giving and IM injection into the semimembranosus/semitendinosus?
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90 degrees
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what is the best route to administer drugs or fluids that must be rapidly distributed?
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IV
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what are the 4 muscle sites?
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1.) semimembranosus/semitendinosus 2.)quadriceps 3.)Epaxial 4.)Triceps
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what is the proper technique of transferring blood from a syringe to a tube?
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removing the needle of the syringe & the cap to the tube and dispensing the sample
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where can a capillary blood sample be taken from?
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marginal ear vein
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The 4 sites for collecting blood
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1.)Medial Saphenous Vein 2.)Cephalic Vein 3.)Jugular Vein 4.)Lateral Saphenous Vein
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what areas on the body are you most likely to find demodex?
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lesions on face and feed deep within the skin
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how long does it take for a wood's lamp to "heat up"
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5 minutes
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Pododermatitis is a skin infection on what surface?
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the feet
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what are behaviors from a dog indicating an examination of anal sacs?
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"scooting" and any masses in anal area
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what are common signs by a patient that warrant an ear exam?
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head shaking, ear scratching, odor/discharge, deafness, head tilts
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indications to perform a cystocentesis?
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1.) obtain a non contaminated urine sample by bacteria, cells and debris 2.) aid in localization of hematuria and pyuria
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why is it recommended to direct the needle at an 90 degree angle then going straight into the bladder?
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so when the bladder shrinks the needle does not perforate the other side and stays in the bladder
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why is important to hold the plunger when exiting out of the abdomen?
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to minimize chance of contamination and also not to lose some of the sample.
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what piece can assist with performing a cystocentesis?
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ultrasound
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contraindication and a complication of performing a cystocentesis?
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1.) potential pyometra, bleeding disorders, prostate abscess, cancer, flow obstruction 2.) laceration of bladder/bowel
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what drug can cause iatrogenic dry eye condition?
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sulfanomides
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besides corneal ulcers what else does the fluorescein staining test also indicate?
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patency of nasolacrimal duct
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name 3 different materials a urinary catheter is made of:
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1.)silicone 2.)rubber 3.)metal
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what is the name of urinary catheter that has a inflatable balloon attached?
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Foley catheter
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what is the purpose of the balloon on the Foley catheter?
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to keep in place
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what information doe CVP relay?
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the amount of blood returning to the heart and the heart's ability to pump it back into the system
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how often should an IV catheter be flushed?
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4hrs
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what does swelling proximal to the catheter indicate?
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that you are out of the vessel
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what does swelling distal to the catheter indicate?
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bandage is to tight
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what is another name for a wing infused set?
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butterfly catheter
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what is a term for normal respiration?
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eupnea
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what is the term for rapid respiration?
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tacypenic
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why is it important to leave the toes exposed when bandaging?
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to monitor if the bandage gets to tight
