question

The words we use to label an event determine to a great extent how we respond to that event

answer

True

question

Connotative meaning is precise, literal, and objective

answer

False

question

A speaker should avoid using familiar words because they make the speech sound trite

answer

False

question

Language needs to be appropriate to a speaker herself or himself, as well as to the audience, topic, and occasion

answer

True

question

A speech dominated by abstract words will almost always be clearer than one dominated by concrete words

answer

False

question

"The Olympic flame burns inside every competitor, igniting their desire to win gold" is an example of metaphor

answer

True

question

Antithesis and alliteration are excellent ways to enhance the imagery of a speech

answer

False

question

"Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country" is an example of antithesis

answer

True

question

Using language with a strong rhythm can increase the impact of a speaker's words

answer

True

question

As your textbook explains, using inclusive language in a speech is important primarily as a matter of political correctness

answer

False

question

List the guidelines for using language

answer

Use language accurately Use language clearly Use language vividly Use language appropriately

question

Three methods explained in your textbook for using language clearly are

answer

Use familiar words Choose concrete words Eliminate clutter

question

In public speaking, the use of language should be appropriate to

answer

Occasion Audience Topic Speaker

question

Identify the points mentioned by your textbook for using inclusive language

answer

Avoid the generic "he" Avoid use of "man" when referring to both men and women Avoid stereotyping jobs and social roles by gender Use names that groups use to identify themselves

question

denotative meaning

answer

The literal or dictionary meaning a word or phrase

question

connotative meaning

answer

The meaning suggested by the associations or emotions triggered by a word or phrase

question

thesaurus

answer

A book of synonyms

question

concrete words

answer

Words that refer to tangible objects

question

abstract words

answer

Words that refer to ideas or concepts

question

clutter

answer

Discourse that takes many more words than are necessary to express an idea

question

imagery

answer

The use of vivid language to create mental images of objects, actions, or ideas

question

simile

answer

An explicit comparison, introduce with the word "like" or "as," between things that are essentially different yet have something in common

question

cliche

answer

A trite or overuse expression

question

metaphor

answer

An implicit comparison, not introduced with the word "like" or "as," between two things that are essentially different yet have something in common

question

rhythm

answer

The pattern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of words

question

parallelism

answer

The similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences

question

repetition

answer

Reiteration of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences

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alliteration

answer

Repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words

question

antithesis

answer

The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure

question

inclusive language

answer

Language that does not stereotype, demean, or patronize people on the basis of gender, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or other factors

question

generic "he"

answer

The use of "he" to refer to both women and men

question

If you were showing statistical trends in a speech, the best visual aid to use would probably be a pie graph

answer

False

question

Your textbook recommends that you use presentation technology to illustrate each point in your speech

answer

False

question

Research has shown that an average speaker who uses visual aids will come across as more credible and better prepared than a speaker who does not use visual aids

answer

True

question

When you are going to give an audience material to take home from a speech, you should usually distribute the material at the beginning of the speech

answer

False

question

In most circumstances, you should keep your visual aids on display throughout your speech

answer

False

question

Research has show that visual aids can increase both the clarity and the persuasiveness of a speaker's message

answer

True

question

Printing your visual aid in ALL CAPITAL letters is a good way to make sure it will be easy for the audience to read

answer

False

question

A visual aid is only as useful as the explanation that goes with it

answer

True

question

Using visual aids can help a speaker combat stage freight

answer

True

question

It is important to maintain strong eye contact with your audience when you are presenting a visual aid

answer

True

question

List the guidelines discussed in your textbook for preparing visual aids

answer

Prepare visual aids well in advance Keep visual aids simple Make sure visual aids are large enough Use a limited amount of text Use fonts effectively Use color effectively Use images strategically

question

List the guidelines discussed in your textbook for presenting visual aids

answer

Display visual aids where listeners can see them Avoid passing visual aids among the audience Display visual aids only while discussing them Explain visual aids clearly and concisely Talk to your audience, not your visual aid Practice with your visual aids Check the room and equipment

question

List the advantages of using visual aids

answer

Clarity Interest Retention Credibility Persuasiveness

question

List the kinds of visual aids

answer

Objects & models Photos & drawings Graphs Charts Video The speaker

question

List the guidelines to use fonts effectively

answer

Clear, easy to read Normal case Two per slide Standardized across slides Properly sized titles, body text

question

List the guidelines to use colors effectively

answer

High contrast Easy to see Limited number Consistent across slides

question

List the guidelines to use images effectively

answer

Large enough High-resolution Clear, simple Title included on slide

question

graph

answer

A visual aid used to show statistical trends and patterns

question

line graph

answer

A graph the uses one or more lines to show changes in statistics over time or space

question

pie graph

answer

A graph that highlights segments of a circle to show simple distribution patterns

question

bar graph

answer

A graph that uses vertical or horizontal bars to show comparisons among two or more items

question

chart

answer

A visual aid that summarizes a large block of information, usually in list form

question

font

answer

A complete set of type of the same design

question

Your textbook discusses four kinds of informative speeches: speeches about objects, speeches about concepts, speeches about processes, and speeches about events

answer

True

question

A lawyer urging a jury to acquit her client is an example of informative speaking

answer

False

question

If the specific purpose of your informative speech is to recount the history of an event, you will usually arrange the speak in chronological order

answer

True

question

When an informative speech about a process has more than five steps, the speaker should group the steps into units so as to limit the number of main points

answer

True

question

Research shows that using personal terms such as "you" and "your" in an informative speech can increase listeners' understanding of the speaker's ideas

answer

True

question

Informative speeches about concepts are usually arranged in spatial order

answer

False

question

Using jargon in an informative speech is useful since it demonstrates your expertise on the topic

answer

False

question

"To inform my audience how to grow an indoor herb garden" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a process

answer

True

question

One of the major barriers to effective informative speaking is overestimating what the audience knows about the topic

answer

True

question

When giving an informative speech, you should think about ways to relate your topic to the audience in the body of the speech as well as in the introduction

answer

True

question

List three general criteria for informative speech

answer

Accurately Clearly Meaningful

question

List the guidelines given in your textbook for effective informative speaking

answer

Don't overestimate what the audience knows Relate the subject directly to the audience Don't be too technical Avoid abstractions Personalize your ideas Be creative

question

informative speech

answer

A speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding

question

object

answer

Anything that is visible, tangible, and stable in form

question

process

answer

A systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product

question

event

answer

Anything that happens or is regarded as happening

question

concept

answer

A belief, theory, idea, notion, principle, or the like

question

description

answer

A statement that depicts a person, event, idea, or the like with clarity and vividness

question

comparison

answer

A statement of the similarities among two or more people, events, ideas, etc

question

contrast

answer

A statement of the differences among two or more people, events, ideas, etc

question

personalize

answer

To present one's ideas in human terms that relate in some fashion to the experience of the audience

question

The target audience is that portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade

answer

True

question

When speaking to persuade, you need to think of your speech as a kind of mental dialogue with your audience

answer

True

question

"To persuade my audience that Citizen Kane is the greatest movie of all time" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of value

answer

True

question

As your textbook explains, persuasion takes place only if the audience is strongly in favor of the speaker's position by the end of the speech

answer

False

question

"To persuade my audience to contribute to the campus blood drive" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of policy whose aim is passive agreement

answer

False

question

Even though a persuasive speaker's goal is to influence the audience's beliefs or actions, she or he still has an ethical obligation to present evidence fairly and accurately

answer

True

question

When you discuss a question of policy, you must deal with three basic issues - need, plan, and practicality

answer

True

question

Persuasion is the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions

answer

True

question

When trying to persuade listeners that are skeptical about your position, you need to deal directly with the reasons for their skepticism

answer

True

question

If you advocate a new policy in a persuasive speech, your main points will usually fall naturally in topical order

answer

False

question

List the five steps of Monroe's motivated sequence

answer

Attention Need Satisfaction Visualization Action

question

List the degrees of persuasion

answer

Strongly opposed Moderately opposed Slightly opposed Neutral Slightly in favor Moderately in favor Strongly in favor

question

persuasion

answer

The process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions

question

mental dialogue with the audience

answer

The mental give-and-take between speaker and listener during a persuasive speech

question

target audience

answer

The portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade

question

question of fact

answer

A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion

question

question of value

answer

A question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action

question

question of policy

answer

A question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken

question

speech to fain passive agreement

answer

A persuasive speech in which the speaker's goal is to convince the audience that a given policy is desirable without encouraging the audience to take action in support of the policy

question

speech to gain immediate action

answer

A persuasive speech in which the speaker's goal is convince the audience to take action in support of a given policy

question

need

answer

The first basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: Is there a serious problem or need that requires a change from current policy

question

burden of proof

answer

The obligation facing a persuasive speaker to prove that a change from current policy is necessary

question

plan

answer

The second basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: If there is a problem with current policy, does the speaker have a plan to solve the problem

question

practicality

answer

The third basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: Will the speaker's plan solve the problem? Will it create new and more serious problems

question

problem-solution order

answer

A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem

question

problem-cause-solution

answer

A method or organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point identifies a problem, the second main point analyzes the causes of the problem, and the third main point presents a solution to the problem

question

comparative advantages order

answer

A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which each main point explains why a speaker's solution to a problem is preferable to other proposed solutions

question

Monroe's motivated sequence

answer

A method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action. The five steps of the motivated sequence are attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action

question

List the methods of persuasion

answer

Building credibility Using evidence Reasoning Appealing to emotions

question

List the tips for evidence

answer

Use specific evidence Use novel evidence Use credible evidence Make clear point of evidence

question

List the types of reasoning

answer

Specific instances Principle Causal reasoning Analogical reasoning

question

List the types of fallacies

answer

Hasty generalization False cause Invalid analogy Bandwagon Red herring Ad hominem Either-or Slippery slope Appeal to tradition Appeal to novelty

question

List the ways to appeal to emotions

answer

Use emotional language Develop vivid examples Speak with sincerity, conviction

question

List how to use ethical emotional appeals

answer

Make appropriate to topic Don't substitute for evidence, reasoning

question

ethos

answer

The name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as credibility

question

credibility

answer

The audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic. The two major factors influence a speaker's credibility are competence and character

question

initial credibility

answer

The credibility of a speaker before she or he starts to speak

question

derived credibility

answer

The credibility of a speaker produced by everything she or he says and does during the speech

question

terminal credibility

answer

The credibility of a speaker at the end of the speech

question

creating common ground

answer

A technique in which a speaker connects himself or herself with the values, attitudes, or experiences of the audience

question

evidence

answer

Supporting materials used to prove or disprove something

question

logos

answer

The names used by Aristotle for the logical appeal of a speaker. The two major elements of logos are evidence and reasoning

question

reasoning

answer

The process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence

question

reasoning from specific instances

answer

Reasoning that moves from particular facts to a general conclusion

question

reasoning from principle

answer

Reasoning that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion

question

fallacy

answer

An error in reasoning

question

hasty generalization

answer

A fallacy in which a speaker jumps to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence

question

false cause

answer

A fallacy in which a speaker mistakenly assumes that because one event follows another, the first event is the cause of the second

question

invalid analogy

answer

An analogy in which the two cases being compared are not essentially alike

question

bandwagon

answer

A fallacy which assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable

question

red herring

answer

A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion

question

ad hominem

answer

A fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute

question

either-or

answer

A fallacy that forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist

question

slippery slope

answer

A fallacy which assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented

question

appeal to tradition

answer

A fallacy which assumes that something old is automatically better than something new

question

appeal to novelty

answer

A fallacy which assumes that something new is automatically better than something old

question

pathos

answer

The name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as emotional appeal

question

List the guidelines for speeches of introduction

answer

Be brief Be accurate Adapt to occasion, main speaker and audience Build sense of anticipation and drama

question

List the guidelines for commemoration speeches

answer

Inspire audience Heighten appreciation Adjust content, delivery to fit situation Use language creatively

question

List the types of special occasion speeches

answer

Introduction Presentation Acceptance Commemoration

question

speech of introduction

answer

A speech that introduces the main speaker to the audience

question

speech of presentation

answer

A speech that presents someone a gift, an award, or some other form of public recognition

question

acceptance speech

answer

A speech that gives thanks for a gift, an award, or some other form of public recognition

question

commemorative speech

answer

A speech that pays tribute to a person, a group of people, an institution, or an idea

UTA Prof. Wooten COMS 1301 Ch. 12 & 14-18 – Flashcards

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