question

Members of the 18th century Southern gentry typically

answer

gambled, entertained lavishly, and cultivated a life of leisurely pursuits

question

The defining feature of the southern colonies in the 18th century was

answer

slavery

question

During the 18th century, colonists in America

answer

thought of themselves as both British subjects and colonists

question

In colonial America, deists

answer

were usually educated and followed the ideas of European Enlightenment thinkers

question

South Carolina planters favored slaves from the central African Congo and Angola regions because

answer

linguistic and cultural similarities allowed them to communicate with other African slaves from the same region, thereby easing newcomers' acculturation to slave life

question

Newly imported African slaves usually arrived alone. How did they develop kinship relationships in the existing slave communities?

answer

Established slave families often adopted new arrivals as \"fictive\" kin

question

In addition to their competition for land, colonial settlers and Indians engaged in conflicts over

answer

the fur trade

question

Many Germans and Scots-Irish without passage money arrived in Philadelphia as \"redemptioners,\" who were

answer

persons who had obtained money for passage from a friend or relative in the colonies or by selling themselves as servants once they arrived

question

The largest group of non-Christians in the 18th century North America was made up of

answer

slaves

question

In the 18th century, Spanish officials decided to build forts and missions on New Spain's northern frontier to

answer

block Russian access to present-day California

question

The First Continental Congress created the Continental Association, who purpose was to

answer

enforce a staggered and limited boycott of trade

question

In 1767, Charles Townshend enacted the Revenue Act, which

answer

placed new duties on imported items such as tea, glass, lead, paper, and painters' colors

question

The Coercive Acts, passed by Parliament to punish Massachusetts for dumping the tea, included

answer

a law closing Boston Harbor until the destroyed tea was paid for

question

American opposition to the Stamp Act took form of

answer

burning an effigy of a stamp collector, breaking windows, and ransacking an official's home

question

The Stamp Act of 1765

answer

set an ominous precedent in the eyes of the colonists

question

Mounting tensions between Bostonians and British soldiers in early 1770 led to the Boston Massacre,

answer

a skirmish in which five people were killed

question

The Gaspee incident of 1772 caused many towns in Massachusetts and in other colonies to set up a communications network of standing committees known as

answer

\"committees of correspondence\"

question

The Proclamation of 1763 was also meant to

answer

keep the peace between Indians and colonists

question

Slaves were aware of the colonies' evolving political struggle with England; some slaves tried to promote their bid for freedom by

answer

stashing away ammunition for a planned uprising

question

The Revenue Act of 1767

answer

directed that some of the revenue generated from its application be used to pay the salaries of royal governors

question

The 18th century New England economy could be characterized as

answer

a diversified, worldwide commercial economy

question

Which colony was known as \"the best poor Man's Country in the World\"?

answer

Pennsylvania

question

As the 18th century progressed, tobacco, rice, and indigo made the southern colonies

answer

the richest in North America

question

The commercial economy of New England was dominated by

answer

merchants

question

By 1770, New Englanders had only one-fourth as much wealth as free colonists in the South, in large part because

answer

farms did not produce huge surpluses of cash crops in quantities necessary to become wealthy

question

Most 18th century colonists went to church

answer

seldom or not at all

question

Southern planters tended to buy newly arrived Africans in small groups because

answer

small groups of slaves ensured that newcomers could be trained by the planters' seasoned slaves

question

In 18th century New England, the Congregational Church

answer

was supported by taxes paid by all residents

question

Because of the colonial New England practice of \"partible inheritance\" in land distribution, by the 18th century, lands could no longer be subdivided, as the plots had become too small for a family to make a living. Partible inheritance means that lands were subdivided

answer

about equally among all the sons in a family

question

The purpose of \"seasoning\" slaves was to

answer

acclimate them to the physical and cultural environment of the southern colonies

question

An early Pennsylvania policy encouraging settlement was

answer

to negotiate with Indian tribes to purchase land, which reduced frontier clashes

question

Although the three regions of British North America became more distinct in the latter part of the 18th century, they still shared several unifying experiences, such as

answer

agricultural roots, a lessening reliance on religion, and a realization of their British colonial identity

question

Prominent colonists in the plantation South and in cities such as Charleston, New York, and Philadelphia belonged to the

answer

Anglican Church

question

From 1700 to 1770, the black population in the South increased almost 3x faster than the white population of that area; by 1770, blacks made up

answer

40 percent of the southern population

question

Why did Thomas Jefferson state that \"a [slave] child raised every 2 years is of more profit than the crop of the best laboring [slave] man\"?

answer

Through natural increase his slave holdings would grow to larger numbers and thus include more laboring individuals

question

The most important changes in 18th century colonial America was

answer

phenomenal population growth

question

A \"country-born\" slave was one who

answer

was born into slavery in the colonies

question

In the 18th century, the Southern slaveholding gentry doinated

answer

both the politics and the economy of the South

question

An increased supply of items such as tobacco and sugar in the 18th century colonial America led to

answer

a drop in prices and a resulting increase in the purchase of luxury goods by ordinary people

question

In the 18th century, the majority of immigrants coming to America were

answer

Scots-Irish or slaves from Africa

question

Generage Gage planned a surprise attack on an ammunition storage site in Concord

answer

because he was ordered to quell the dissenters before they became more organized

question

The representatives of the Iroquois Nation at the Albany Congress

answer

made no commitment to helping the British fight the French

question

The Seven Years' War resulted in

answer

a dispute between Indians, Virginians, Pennsylvanians, and the French over territory in the Ohio Valley

question

The Proclamation of 1763 was meant to

answer

prevent colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mtns

question

Growing colonial resentment of British authority during the 1760s could be attributed to

answer

increased taxation and increased intrusion by Britain

question

The turning point of the Seven Years' War was most likely William Pitt's

answer

willingness to commit massive resources to the war

question

The Daughters of Liberty urged women to participate in public affairs and protest the Townshend duties by

answer

participating in nonconsumption agreements

question

The delegates to the Second Continental Congress chose George Washington as commander in chief because

answer

picking a southerner would show England that there was widespread commitment to war beyond New England

question

Women served in the Continental army by

answer

performing domestic tasks and nursing the wounded

question

The Olive Branch Petition of July 1775

answer

affirmed loyalty to the monarch, blamed Parliament for all the troubles, and asked that American colonial assemblies be recognized as individual parliaments

question

Relationships between Americans and Indians during the Revolutionary War were increasingly characterized by

answer

hostility and violent anti-Indian campaigns

question

After Cornwallis achieved the upper hand in Virginia, the picture changed dramatically because

answer

the French gave military support to Washington

question

One of the main obstacles the British army faced in the Revolutionary War was

answer

the logistics of supplying an army with food and supplies across three thousand miles of water

question

When British troops under General Howe captured Philadelphia in September 1777, the British gov

answer

proposed a negotiated settlement that did not include American independence

question

Continental army morale during the winter of 1777-78 was

answer

low because corruption was undermining the patriots' cause

question

The battle of Bunker Hill

answer

was a costly victory for the British

question

One of the many weaknesses of the Continental army was that

answer

It was inexperienced and undermanned

question

About a month after the skirmishes at Lexington and Concord, delegates from all of the colonies met to discuss their course of action at the

answer

Second Continental Congress

question

The British goal in fighting the war in America was to

answer

regain colonial allegiance, not to destroy the colonies

question

What made Robert Shurtleff of Massachusetts an atypical member of the Continental Army?

answer

his actual sex

question

What immediate impact did the American's alliance with France in 1778 have on the British?

answer

A British troop commander argued for an immediate negotiated settlement, and the commander of the British navy argued for abandoning the war

question

The American Revolution was a movement exemplified by

answer

cautious and limited radicalism

question

In the fall of 1776, the British hired 8,000 Hessian mercenaries and

answer

concentrated their military might in NY

question

After the American victory at Saratoga, France allied with the Americans because it

answer

saw an opportunity to defeat England, France's archrival

question

In the final phases of the Revolutionary War, the British

answer

attempted to recapture the southern colonies and place loyalists in power

question

In order to raise the necessary troops for the Continental army, the congress

answer

offered a bonus for enlistment and land grants to those who committed for the war's duration

question

In one of the early battles of the war, the battle of Long Island,

answer

British troops led by General Howe forced the Americans to retreat to Manhattan Island

question

In 1777, the British moved large numbers of troops into Quebec in an effort to

answer

isolate New England by controlling the Hudson River

question

The most decisive factor in ending the Revolutionary War at Yorktown was

answer

the French forces taking control of the Chesapeake, thus commanding the bay and the coasts of Virginia and North Carolina

question

By the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1783,

answer

the king acknowledged that the US were \"free Sovereign and independent States\"

question

Continental dollars were

answer

merely paper backed by no precious metals

question

Revisions to the Declaration of Independence included those made by Georgia and South Carolina, which removed

answer

the issue of slavery

question

In 1775, most of the delegates to the Second Continental Congress remained reluctant to break with Britain because they

answer

worried about the loss of Britain's military support, the effect on their economies, and political stability

question

The American goal of capturing Montreal and Quebec early in the war

answer

showed that the Americans were not just reacting to the British invasion of Massachusetts

question

At the time of the war with Britain, white women

answer

began to participate in politics through discussion and fundraising

question

The war for independence took five and a half years to fight, and the subsequent peace negotiations and British evacuation took an additional

answer

two years

question

During the Revolution, punishment for a treasonable act might include

answer

house arrest, suspension of voting privileges, and confiscation of property

question

Pro-Constitution forces called themselves

answer

Federalists

question

The most serious obstacle to settlement in the Northwest Territory was

answer

clashes with the Indian tribes that occupied the land

question

Antifederalists were united mainly by

answer

their desire to block the Constitution

question

The authors of the Federalist essay originally wrote them

answer

as newspaper articles that detailed the failures of the Articles of Confederation

question

At the Constitutional Convention, the proposal to create a two-chamber legislature, with representation in both houses based on each state's population, was known as the

answer

Virginia Plan

question

Before the Constitution could go into effect, it had to be ratified

answer

in ratifying conventions in 9 of the 13 states

question

When the Constitution was drafted, slavery was

answer

not named, but its existence was recognized and guaranteed

question

In a new distinction between democracy and republicanism, the delegates to the Constitutional Convention

answer

gave a direct voice to the people only in the House

question

Shays's Rebellion of 1786 was the result of

answer

increased taxes on farmers in Massachusetts

question

In devising their new constitutions, most states

answer

reduced the powers of the governor

question

Virginia's constitution was the first to

answer

include a bill of rights

question

The first state to ratify the Constitution was

answer

Delaware

question

To create a presidency out of the reach of direct democracy, the delegates to the Constitutional Convention

answer

devised the electoral college

question

The fundamental issue raised at the Constitutional Convention was

answer

how to balance the conflicting interests of large and small states

question

In the quarter century after 1775, legislatures provided for the immediate or gradual abolition of slavery in

answer

most northern states

question

In essay number 10 of the Federalist, James Madison maintained that the constitutional gov would

answer

prevent any one faction from subverting the freedom of other groups

question

The Constitutional Convention deadlocked over the issue of

answer

representation

question

Most of the new states spelled out their citizens' rights and liberties in written contracts because

answer

the unwritten nature of British political traditions led to Americans being denied liberties they had assumed they possessed

question

Antifederalism in NY centered on

answer

the state's size and power in relation to the new federal gov

question

Under the Articles of Confederation, the confederation gov lacked

answer

an executive and judicial branch as well as the power to levy taxes

question

Which state allowed free blacks and women to vote in the early years of the republic?

answer

New Jersey

question

The major legacy of Shays's Rebellion was

answer

the realization that the Articles of Confederation were inadequate and thus a reworking of national government was needed

question

At the Philadelphia convention, which of the following was the compromise reached on the issue of who counted as population for the purpose of deciding representation?

answer

Slaves were counted under the three-fifths clause

question

The major objection to the Virginia Plan by the smaller states at the Constitutional Convention was

answer

that the representation of the states in both houses of the congress would be based on population

question

Two-thirds of the Constitutional Convention's delegates were

answer

lawyers

US to 1877. Chapters 5-8: Robert Shurtleff of Massachusetts, Colonial Settlers and Indians

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards