US History Unit 8 – Flashcards
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What was the Cold War?
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A conflict between countries with no actual fighting
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What was the main goal of the United States?
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To keep peace throughout the world
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In what ways did the Marshall Plan encourage European recovery?
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Lent money to 17 countries. The money was used to rebuild bridges, factories, hospitals and schools
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How did NATO and the Warsaw Pact divide Europe?
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By creating alliances and packs with different countries. Western European countries were with NATO, Eastern European Countires were with the Warsaw Pack
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What changes occurred in Asia after WW2?
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Japan was occupied by the US military until 1952 and India and Pakistan gained independence
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What changes occurred in the Middle East after WW2?
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The U.N divided Palestine into 2 states. On May 14, 1948 Jews announced the creation of the state Israel. War soon broke out
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What does the Economic and Social Council do?
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Responsible for promoting higher standards of livingg, and full employment
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Who were the candidates for President in 1948?
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Truman, Dewey, Thurman and Wallace
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Why did pollsters expect President Truman to lose the election in 1948?
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Prices were rising quickly but wages were not rising. There were so many strikes
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How did the Korean War end?
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The chinese pushed the allied forces back and the combating forces fought back along the hill tops, and was settled along the 38th parallel, with no peace treaty
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Why did President Truman oppose an attack on China?
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He did not want a war involving the Soviet Union because he feared the atomic warfare
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What events in the early 1950s showed Americans concern about Communist influence in the US?
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Communist spies- to build atomic weapons and passing top secret material to soviet union
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During what year did North Korea make their farthest advance into South Korea
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September 1950
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Harry Truman
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Won re election in the presidential election of 1948
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Thomas Dewey
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Was the reported winner of the 1948 presidential election, but actually lost in a close race
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Strom Thurmond
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The Conservative Democrat nominated for president in 1948
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38th Parallel
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The line of latitude that effectively separated North Korea from South Korea
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Douglas MacArthur
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General and leader of American forces in Korea; Fired by President Truman
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Julius Rosenberg
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One of the husband and wife spy team convicted of selling atomic secrets to the soviet union
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Alger Hiss
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State Department worker charged with passing top secret material to Soviet Agents
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Joseph McCarthy
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Republican Senator who accused citizens and prominent Americans being communist
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Why did Americans vote overwhelmingly for Eisenhower?
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Because he represented firmness, friendliness and honesty
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What were some achievements of the Eisenhower administration?
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Department of Heath, welfare, federal aid, highway, NASA, national defense, and education act
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What were 2 important vents in the fight for civil rights?
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Desregration of schools and Rosa Parks on the bus
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What did the Supreme Court rule in Brown v Board of Education of Topeka?
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State sanctioned segration of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment therefore being unconstitutional
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What was the arms race?
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Competition for supremacy in the nuclear warfare, between US, the soviet union and allies
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In what ways did the Cold War intensify during Eisenhowers administration?
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Eisenhower maintained pressure on the Soviet Union during the Cold War, gave priority to inexpensive nuclear weapons and reduced the other forces to save money
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How did many Americans change their ways of living in the 1950s?
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They moved to suburbs, dded children to their families and bought homes
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Why did many americans move to the suburbs in the 1950s?
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to purchase homes and to start a family
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What is one way television influenced Americans?
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Families spent less time in the evening reading, and gathered arounf the tv instead
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What contribution did Jackie Robinson make toward equality in the US?
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He was the first African American to enter the Major League Baseball, and he broke that segregation barrier
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Dwight D Eisenhower
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Won the 1952 presidency by a landslide
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Adlai Stevenson
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Governor of Illinois who lost the 1952 presidential election
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Linda Brown
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Elementary student who sparked the Brown vs Board of Education court case
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Thurgood Marshall
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Represented the Brown family before the Supreme Court
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Rosa Parks
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Arrested for refusing to give up her seat on the bus to a white man
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Nikita Khrushchev
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Leader of the Soviet Union during the U - 2 spy plane incident
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Gary Powers
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US pilot shot down over the Soviet Union while photographing military bases
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Levittown
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Name of the first planned community; located in New York
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Sidney Poitier
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The first African American actor to win the Best Actor Award
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Who became the first american to Orbit the earth? How long after the first cosmonaut went to space did this happen?
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John Glenn and 1 year
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When did the construction of the Berlin Wall begin?
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August 1961
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What happened in November of 1963?
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JFK is assassinated, and Lyndon B Johnson becomes president
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How did televised debates affect the presidential election of 1960?
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Voters could see that Kennedy looked healthy and Nixon did not
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How did the 1960 election differ from earlier elections?
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Was the first election to be swayed by televised events
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Why did the Soviet Union order the building of the Berlin Wall?
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To stop Soviets from escaping
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Where did the US confront communism?
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Russia and China
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What discovery set off the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962?
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Learning that the Soviet Union had installed nuclear missiles that could destroy much of the east coast
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What did Khrushchev and Kennedy agree to do to settle the Cuban Missile Crisis?
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Cuba agreed to withdrawl the Soviet Missile sites there and the US promised not to invade Cuba and to remove its own missiles from Turkey
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Dean Rusk
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Secretary of State during the Cuban missile crisis
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East Berlin
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Capital of East Germany; site of the building of the Berlin Wall
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Bay of Pigs
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Site of a failed US invasion which attempted to overthrow Fidel Castro
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Richard Nixon
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Republican who lost the 1960 presidential election
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JFK
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Democrat who won the 1960 presidential election
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How did the Supreme Court expand the rights of individuals?
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Could not force children to say a prayer, every person accused for a serious crime had a right to a lawyer
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What was the effect of the Peace Corps?
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It helped other countries build sorority while stopping the spread of communism
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How did competition with the Soviet Union affect the US space program?
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The US space program, spent 20 - 40 billion dollars towards the space program
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What was President Kennedys goal in funding the space program?
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To put a man on the moon before 1970
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What are some methods that civil rights protesters used to battle segregation?
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Sit - ins, Freedom of Speech and Rides
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What was the goal of the sit - ins and Freedom Rides?
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To peacefully protest about the civil right
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How did tv affect civil rights protests in Birmingham and other cities?
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Everyone saw that the police were treating African Americans and joib in on the movement
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What event did the march on Washington celebrate?
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The 100th anniversary of the emancipation problem at the Lincoln Memorial
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How did Kennedys Assassination affect the country?
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The country was left in shock and saddness
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What did the Warren Commissions determine?
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That the assassination was a one man job
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What charges do the Alabama clergy make against King and the demonstrations?
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He is arrested and sent to jail
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Why does King believe that African Americans cannot wait for equal rights?
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They have been waiting for 340 years
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John F Kennedy
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His administration ushered in the NEW FRONTIER; was assassinated in November 1963
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Yuri Gagaria
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A Soviet cosmonaut; first man in space
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John Glenn
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The first american to be sent to space
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Robert Kennedy
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The Attorney General during the Kennedy Administration; sent federal marshals to protect the Freedom Riders
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James Meredith
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An African American who successfully enrolled at the University of Mississippi
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Martin Luther King Jr
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Southern minister who helped to lead the protests and desegregation movement
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Birmingham, Alabama
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Ground zero from many protests and marches in favor of desegreation
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Lyndon B. Johnson
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Assumed the presidency after the assassination of Kennedy
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Lee Harvey Oswald
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Determined to be the lone assassin of Kennedy
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Jack Ruby
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Dallas businessman who killed Oswald
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Earl Warren
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The chief justice appointed to a commission to determine if Oswald acted alone or with others to assassinate the president
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The peace Corps was developed to aid poor areas by improving living conditions
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False
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The arms race was a competition between China and Japan to place weapons in strategic places
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Flasw
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Truman opposed attacking China because he feared drawing - in the Soviet Union and starting a nuclear war
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True
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The Berlin Wall was symbolic of how Western nations were separated from those controlled by the Soviet Union
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False
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Freedom Rides and sit - ins were peaceful protests to bring about desegregation
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True
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Kennedys Plan for his administration was known as the New Frontier
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True
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The 38th parallel splits North Korea and South Korea
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True
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The 1956 presidential election was the first to televise the debates
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False
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The main goal of the United Nations was to act as a war tribunal council
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False
