US History Unit 2 – Flashcards
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Iron Act
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passed in 1759
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writs of assistance
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allowed the British to search homes
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Molasses Act
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prevented competition with West Indies
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Hat Act
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prevented manufacturing and competition
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barter
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used by the colonists because of a currency shortage
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George III
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The Navigation Acts began to be strictly enforced during the time of
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James Otis
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The Boston lawyer who unsuccessfully tried to have the writs of assistance removed was
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treaty
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a signed and approved agreement between nations
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trapping furs and trade with the Indians
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French settlers relied on
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Ohio River valley
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The French and Indian War broke out over claims to the
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Wolfe
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One of the deciding battles of the French and Indian War was the capture of Quebec by General:
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Benjamin Franklin
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The Albany Plan of Union was drawn up by
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understanding of Indian fighting methods
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General Braddock's greatest weakness in the French and Indian War was his lack of
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the French and Indian War
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The final colonial war between France and England was
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strengthen the colonies against the French
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The Albany Plan of Union was proposed in order to
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duquesne
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General Braddock and George Washington led an attack against the French at Fort
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Canada and the area east of the Mississippi to the English
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As a result of the Treaty of Paris of 1763, the French ceded
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boycott
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The colonial response to British taxation was to
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paper
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The Stamp Act forced the colonists to pay a tax on
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boycott
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The colonists refuse to buy English products
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Samuel Adams
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The Committees of Correspondence were organized by:
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The Boston Tea Party
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involved the colonists throwing tea into Boston harbor
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The Intolerable Acts
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closed the port of Boston
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compromise
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When each party gives up part of his or her demands, they agree to a
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mercenary
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a soldier that it hired for pay by a foreign state.
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to prevent Parliament from breaking with the colonies until a compromise could be worked out
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Why did the Continental Congress adopt the Olive Branch Petition?
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to encourage the colonies to declare independence from Great Britain
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Why did Thomas Paine write the pamphlet, Common Sense?
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theirs from birth
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The Declaration of Independence asserts that the rights of men are:
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thomas jefferson
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The Virginian who was asked to draw up a declaration for independence was
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little organization lack of equipment untrained
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Three weaknesses of the Patriot army were
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ally
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a person, group, or nation united with another for some special purpose
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Loyalist
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an American colonist who opposed independence for the American colonies at the time of the Revolutionary War; a Tory
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treaty
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an agreement, especially one between nations, signed and approved by each nation
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Marquis de Lafayette
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French nobleman who served in the Continental Army
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George Washington
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military commander who also had experience in government affairs
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Benjamin Franklin
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statesman who worked to gain French support of the Patriot cause
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Tories
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Loyalists supported the British and were also called:
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Cornwallis Burgoyne
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2 British commanders
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divide the colonies and shatter their morale
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The British thought that by invading New York at Lake Champlain and proceeding down the Hudson River to New York City, they would
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drill with muskets march in step switch ranks fight professionally
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Baron von Steuben aided the Patriots by teaching the soldiers four new strategies. These were:
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privateer
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an armed ship owned by private persons and holding a government commission to attack and capture.
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new commander in the South
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Congress designated the hero of Saratoga, General Horatio Gates, as the
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Nathaniel Greene
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The new commander who replaced Gates in the South was
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Illinois and Indiana
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George Rogers Clark captured the British frontier forts in the present states of:
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Colonel Hamilton and his troops
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Clark was not able to maintain his hold on the fort in Vincennes, and it was retaken by
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attacking Vincennes in the winter and recapturing the fort
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Clark surprised Colonel Hamilton by
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The Americans controlled the land between the Great Lakes, Ohio River, and Mississippi River.
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What was the importance of George Rogers Clark's victories in the West?
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John Paul Jones
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Who said, "I have not yet begun to fight?"
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privateer
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An armed ship privately owned but armed for war is a
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Nathan Hale
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"I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country" was spoken by
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He planned to turn over West Point to the British
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Why did Benedict Arnold's name come to mean the same as traitor in the U.S.?
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George Rogers Clark
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captured the west from the British
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Nathan Hale
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gave his life for his country
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Benedict Arnold
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betrayed his country
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John Paul Jones
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defeated British navy
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Colonel Hamilton
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British commander at Vincennes
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French and American ships kept relief forces from arriving
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Cornwallis was defeated at Yorktown because
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democracy
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a government run by the people who live under it. People rule either directly through meetings that all may attend, or indirectly through the election of representatives
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emancipation
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the act or process of setting free; release
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suffrage
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the right to vote
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Articles of Confederation
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weak in that they left too much power to the states Amending the Articles ended in failure, leading to the forming of a Constitution
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About one hundred thousand became refugees
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How did the war affect the Loyalists?
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Revolutionary War
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British casualties were twice as many as the Americans. British soldiers and Loyalists left for England.
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democracy
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A government run by the people who live under it is called a
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emancipation
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Vermont abolished slavery outright in 1777 George Washington freed his slaves in his will.
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All men over twenty-one years of age could vote
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How did the Vermont state government differ from other state governments?
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States could not support an established church.
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What impact did many state constitutions have on the separation of church and state affairs?
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the slave trade
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The original draft of the Declaration of Independence condemned _____.
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emancipation
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The Southern states opposed _____.
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local support of public schools.
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The constitution of Massachusetts required
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ratification
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The states met for the approval, confirmation, and ______ of a new constitution
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1781
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The Articles of Confederation went into effect in:
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a unanimous vote to amend the Articles
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One weakness of the Articles of Confederation was that they provided for
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Daniel Shays
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A rebellion of debt-ridden farmers was led by:
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collect taxes
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Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress had no power to
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states were superior to the national government
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Under the Articles of Confederation, the
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equal voting power in Congress
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What led to a serious dispute between the large and small states under the Articles of Confederation?
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It clearly defined plots of land in terms of section and township
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What was an advantage of the Land Ordinance of 1785?
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government of new territories
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The Land Ordinance of 1787 provided for the:
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The Land Ordinance
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benefited Eastern speculators at the expense of Western farmers
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60,000
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Under the Land Ordinance of 1787, a territory could be admitted to the Union when it had ______ free inhabitants
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Antifederalist
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somebody who opposed the Constitution of the United States and the idea of a strong national government
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Federalist
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somebody who supported the Constitution of the United States and the idea of a strong national government
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ratification
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confirmation; approval
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Delegates would be free to change their minds as new information was presented
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Why were the sessions of the Constitutional Convention held in secret?
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Both favored three branches of government
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How were the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan alike?
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Federalist
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The _______ was a brilliant study explaining government and the U.S. Constitution
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to prevent one branch of the government from becoming too powerful
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Why was the system of checks and balances included in the Constitution?
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three ways the Constitution can be amended
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proposed by two-thirds of both houses and ratified by three-fourths of the states ratified by special conventions in three-fourths of the states proposed by special convention called by two-thirds of state legislatures and ratified by three-fourths of state legislatures
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