US History Final Exam Review – Flashcards
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Laissez-faire
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A french phrase meaning "let people do as they choose." SIG: Supporters if this believed that the government should not interfere in the economy other than to protect private property rights and maintain peace
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Rail Roads
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Allows nation to expand westward, allows agriculture to expand into the Great Plains. Allows cities and towns to expand. Provides easy ways to get raw materials to factory then finished goods to market. First big business
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Bessemer Process
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New process of steel manufacturing that eliminates impurities, stronger products, with good efficiency = better product Andrew Carnegie
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Vertical Integration
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Management control - All companies in the supply train are united through a common owner = better financial growth and efficiency Andrew Carnegie
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Horizontal Integration
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Combining of factories/businesses into the same business/ one large corporation J.D. Rockefeller
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Manifest Destiny
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Belief that the US was destined to spread across the Northern American Continent
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Andrew Carnegie
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Invented vertical integrated steel industry, which allowed companies to grow bigger
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J.D. Rockefeller
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Famous industrialist who built oil refineries, Company- Standard Oil
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Imperialism
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Economic and political domination of a strong nation over weaker ones (Feature Article Fin 486 Final Exam)
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Queen Liliuokalani
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Monark of Hawaii, "Hawaii is for Hawaiians'", 1900 Hawaii became part of the US
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William Randolph Hearst
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Owned the New York Journal, reported outrageous stories about how the Spanish treated the Cubans
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Joseph Pulitzer
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Owned The World newspaper, described Cuba as "hell"
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Yellow Journalism
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Exaggeration or making up stories to attract readers
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Jingoism
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Agressive nationalism
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Emilio Aguinaldo
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A Filipino revolutionary leader who had staged an unsuccessful uprising against the Spanish
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President McKinley
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President during Spanish-American War, wanted Spanish to restore order in Cuba/expected it in a diplomatic way, peaceful
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Valariano Weiler
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"The Butcher" - Spanish general sent to Cuba, very violent
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Admiral George Dewey
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US Admiral who fought in Philippines
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Pre-President Roosevelt
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In charge of "Rough Riders" calvary
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The Treaty of Paris
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Cuba was freed from Spanish rule US gained: Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philippines
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"Remember the Main"
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Slogan for excuse for Spanish-American War
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Four Main Reasons for Entering WW1
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Nationalism, Militarism, Imperialism, Entangling Alliances
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Militarism
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Environment glorifying military spirit and need of constant preparation of war
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Imperialism
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Acquiring empire-contril of one people without the consent of the governed
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Nationalism
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Devotion to a nation state
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Entangling Alliances
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A defensive alliance when each member pledges to come to the assistance of the other if attacked
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Sussex Pledge
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Solved problems of Germany sinking merchant ships, kept US out of war tiny bit more
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Zimmerman Telegram
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Telegram from German official to ambassador asking to offer Mexico allieship, intercepted by British
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Lusitania
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Boat that was sunk by German submarines, changed Americans attitudes, made them want to enter the war
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Trench Warfare
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The use of tranches to protect soldiers and to fight from, horrific, gory, lost thousands
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Treaty of Versailles
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The treaty that ended WW1
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League of Nations
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A group of people that helped preserve peace - Fourteenth point of Wilson's 14 Points
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President Wilson
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The president of the US during WW1
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Declaration of London
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A document all about rules at sea during the war
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"Big Four"
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President Wilson, David Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, Vittorio Orlando
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Fourteen Points
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President Wilsons peace plan, believing that they would establish the conditions for lasting peace in Europe
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National Self-Determination
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The idea that the borders of countries should be based on ethnicity and national identity
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Reparations
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Monetary compensation for all the war damage a country had caused
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General Pershing
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US General who lead the army during WW1
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"Palmer Raids"
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Raids on Russian and other various radical organizations in which 6,000 people were arrested -Lead to Russians being deported
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Harding Administration
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President Harding staffed his administration with political friends from Ohio; presidency marred by many scandals
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Prohibition
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Outlaw of transporting, selling, and manufacturing alcohol
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Al Capone
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Murderer, prisoner, all things bad tied to him
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"Speakeasies"
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1920 underground nightclubs where alcohol was served
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Stock Market
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Ordinary people becoming very wealthy through buying stocks, involved speculation
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Buying on margin
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Customers would pay for 10% of what stock was worth. The rest was borrowed from broker and then repaid after stock was sold
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Stock speculation
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People would buy and sell stocks quickly to make quick money
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Black Tuesday
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October 29th, 1929 - Stock market crashed
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"Hoovervilles"
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Temporary camps of homeless and unemployed people
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"Bonus Army"
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Veterans were promised $1,000 bonus, but when they didn't receive it, they got angry
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Escapeism
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Actions people take to try to relieve feelings of depression and sadness, helps to create a mental diversion
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Radios + Movies + Literature in 1920
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Gave people a way to escape from the depression
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"Fireside Chats"
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Direct talks in which the president lets Americans know what he is trying to accomplish
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"Okies"
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People who moved west
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Herbert Hoover
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"Do nothing" president, blamed for the Depression, Laizze-fare
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
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Man of action, restored confidence and promises a new plan for America
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Three R's
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Relief, Recovery, Reform
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First New Deal
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Focused on reform and temporary economic recovery
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Second New Deal
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Focused on permanent reform
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Senator Huey Long
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Said New Deal Relief measures were mere crumbs and advocated a "share the wealth" plan
