US History Chapter 5 Test – Flashcards
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Republic
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Form of government in which officials are elected by the people
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Unicameral Legislature
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Lawmaking body made up of one house
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Bicameral Legislature
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Lawmaking body made up of two houses
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Articles of Confederation
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Original federal constitution drafted by the continental congress in 1777
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John Dickinson
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A delegate from Pennsylvania. He will try to block independence from being discussed. He is the man who wrote the Olive Branch Petition. He is a patriot and won't be a loyalist, but he is trying to make peace with England. He will not sign the Declaration of Independence, but will fight on the American side during the Revolution.
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Federal
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National
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Northwest Territory
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Vast territory north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania as far as the Mississippi
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Land Ordinance of 1785
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Law which designed a system for managing and settling lands in the Northwest Territory
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Northwest Ordinance of 1787
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Law which provided a basis for governing the Northwest Territory
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Shay's Rebellion
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farmers' rebellion led by Daniel Shays against higher taxes in Massachusetts
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Alexander Hamilton
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1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt; Federalist leader
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James Madison
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"Father of the Constitution," Federalist leader, and fourth President of the United States; Virginia Plan
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Virginia Plan
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James Madison's proposal for bicameral legislature with representation
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New Jersey Plan
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Wiliam Pateron's proposal for a unicameral legislature with each state having one vote
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Great Compromise
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compromise between Virginia and New Jersey plans for a bicameral legislature; each state would have equal representation in the Senate and varied representation in the House of Representation based on the state's population
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Federalism
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Political system in which power is shared between the national government and state governments
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Three-Fifths Compromise
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Agreement that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House for representation and taxation purposes (negated by the 13th amendment)
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Ratification
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Approval
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Federalist
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one who favored ratification of the Constitution
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Antifederalist
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A person who opposed the adoption of the United States Constitution.
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THE FEDERALIST
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Series of 85 essays written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay that explained an defended Constitution
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John Jay
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1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, negotiated with British for Washington
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Bill of Rights
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a statement of fundamental rights and privileges (especially the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution)
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Popular Sovereignty
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A government in which the people rule by their own consent.
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Limited Government
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A principle of constitutional government; a government whose powers are defined and limited by a constitution.
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Separation of Powers
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Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the legislative branch making law, the executive applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the law
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Checks and Balances
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A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power
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Electoral College
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A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president
