US History Chapter 10 – Imperialism – Flashcards
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Imperialism
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A stronger country taking over a weaker country for location, trade, resources...
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William McKinley
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-McKinley Tariff of 1890- tariff on Hawaiian Sugar -Supported Imperialism -President after Grover Cleveland -Responsible for: Spanish American War, Philippine American War, Annexation of Hawaii
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Alfred T. Mahan
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-Member of US Navy. Believed that to have a strong country, you needed a strong military/navy, and for this it was important to gain strategic locations. -Wanted a strong navy to compete with other nations. -9 steel-hulled cruisers were built
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McKinley Tariff of 1890
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-Put a tariff on Hawaiian sugar -Americans living there wanted to become part of the US so they could sell sugar for less, and increase their profit again! -Higher competition, then annexation.
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Manifest Destiny
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-The belief that the US was defined to spread democracy and enlightenment /edvancement to the western world/other countries... We were destined to have this land
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Motivations for American Imperialism
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-Military: increase military strength with strategic locations- easier to attack and defend -New Markets: Needed places to sell- overproduction!!! -Cultural Superiority: Social Darwinism- it is natural that one country will be the best, they should get to thrive, some are stronger, they get to dominate. -Manifest Destiny
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Territories Taken
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-Hawaii -Alaska -Cuba -Puerto Rico -Philippines -Panama (sort of)
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Queen Liliuokalani
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-Queen of Hawaii, overthrown by Sanford B. Dole. -Hawaii for Hawaiians campaign- to eliminate voting restrictions so Hawaiians, not just white landowners, could vote -Reinstated by US, but had lost power in peoples eyes
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Sanford B. Dole
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-Overthrew Queen Liliuokalani who wanted property/voting rights for people -Created government after overthrowing her. Wouldn't back down. -Then the US took over.
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The Spanish American War
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-Americans upset by Maine disaster, treatment of Cubans concentration camps), also yellow journalism -War where US supports Cuba against Spain to get its independence... also Philippines -Treaty of Paris ends war- US gets Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines (pays $20 million for it), Cuba
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Jose Martí
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-Cuban Rebel Leader -Provoked US and attacked American business interests, wanted us to help with the revolution against Spain
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Valeriano Weyler
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-Spanish General -Puts Cubans in concentration camps in response to revolution
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The U.S.S. Maine
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-US ship coming to take Americans out of Cuba -Explodes in the harbor of Havana, Cuba. Yellow journalism makes people think Spain did it. -Large factor in the war!
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William Randolph Hearst
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-Leading newspaper man, ran the New York Journal -Yellow Journalism- You furnish the pictures... and I'll furnish the war
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Yellow Journalism
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-Exaggerating stories to get a certain response or reaction from people, and to get more customers!!!
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The deLome Letter
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-Letter from Spanish diplomat, Enrique Dupuy deLome, to Spain. -Letter insulted US president. -Was intercepted, US got it. Another reason for the war.
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George Dewey
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-Commodore who took Manila, the Philippine capital. -This allows US troops to land there
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Teller Amendment
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-Congress allows US to go to war, as long as we don't just take Spain's place afterwards
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Rough Riders
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-Volunteer cavalry unit during the Spanish American War -Lead by Theodore Roosevelt and Leonard Wood. -San Jaun Hill- they got much fame from here, even if they didn't do much...
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San Juan Hill
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-Strategically important hill, Rough Riders vs. Spaniards -Helped with Roosevelt's fame
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Theodore Roosevelt
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-Commander of Rough Riders -Becomes president -Roosevelt Corollary (we have the right to intervene...)
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Treaty of Paris
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-Ceasefire between US and Spain -Spain frees Cubans, gives US Guam, Puerto Rico, sells Philippines for $20 million
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Foraker Act
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-This set up a civil government in Puerto Rico -President of the US appointed a governor, Puerto Rico could only elect members of the lower house. (governor elects upper house?) -Puerto Rico doesn't pay taxes, not considered a state.
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Platt Amendment
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-Insisted that Cuba add things to their constitution -US has the right to intervene, buy Cuban land for military, Cuba can't go into debt, and Cuba has to stay independent.
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Protectorate
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-A country whose affairs are partially controlled by another power (like Cuba)
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Annexation of the Philippines (justification)
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-Cultural superiority, otherwise others will take it, it would make us look weak if we don't, they can't start their own government... -3 Year war for Philippine independence- Philippines lose 20,000 people, US loses 4,000 people and $400 mil. -US used tactics like the designated zones (just like Spain had)
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Emilio Aguinaldo
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-Philippine rebel leader, thought US had promised independence! -Lead resistance to the US
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John Hay
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-Secretary of State who issued the Open Door Policy- writes Open Door Notes
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The Open Door Policy
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-John Hay writes the Open Door Notes -Policy that all countries would get equal trading privileges in China- If not- then you threaten the survival of US because we depend on exports... -2nd Open Door Policy- said US was committed to preserving China's integrity, and that they would safeguard equal/impartial trade in all of China.
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Anti-Imperialism
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-Grover Cleveland, Andrew Carnegie, Jane Addams, Mark Twain -Reasons like racism, morally wrong, corrupted democratic beliefs (hypocritical)
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The Roosevelt Corollary
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-Saying to other countries, Don't interfere with countries! We will come down and intervene! If you do as we say, we have no problems.
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The Panama Canal
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-US paid $40 million for it from France -US ships intimidate Columbia into giving Panama independence (they wouldn't let us do it before, Columbia was in control of Panama) -Canal through Panama- reduced travel time, however many died
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Woodrow Wilson
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-Missionary Diplomacy -Was US president
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Missionary Diplomacy
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-US has moral responsibility (to its people?) to not recognize Latin American country that was not friendly to American interests
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Dollar Diplomacy
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-Using money to get what you want -Nicaragua- helped with debts, then fought to keep a government there that was friendly to US
