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First Civilization in the Americas

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Olmec People

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First Civilizations in modern US

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Hohokam Anasazi

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One of the largest first cities

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Cathokia Mississippian

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Southeast Native Americans

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Cherokee

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Southwest Native Americans

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Zuni Apache Navajo

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Great Plains Native Americans

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Sioux

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Northwest Native Americans

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Kwakiutls

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California Native Americans

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Pomo

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Alaska to Greenland Native Americans

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Inuit

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Columbus

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1492 Nina Pinta Santa Maria Landed on San Salvador Explored the Caribbean

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Amerigo Vespucci

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Portuguese Explored South America

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Treaty of Tordesillas

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1494 Confirmed Spains right to most of the newly discovered lands

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Hernan Cortez

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Spanish Defeated Aztec in Mexico in 1521

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Francisco Pizarro

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Spanish Conquered the Inca in Peru

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Juan Ponce de Leon

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Spanish Claimed Florida

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Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

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Spanish Explored Southwest

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Hernando de Soto

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Spanish Explored Southeast

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Native American Contributions

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Corn, potato, squash New farming methods

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European Contributions to Native Americans

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Horses, wheat, domestic livestock Diseases

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John Cabot

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English Explored North America

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Jacques Cartier

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French Explored North America

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Giovanni da Verrazano

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French Explored North America

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Quebec

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Founded in 1608 by French Samuel de Champlain Became capital of New France

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French Exploration America

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Reached Mississippi river Reached the Gulf of Mexico Founded Louisiana and New Orleans

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Jamestown

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First colony in America English Joint-Stock Company

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Powhatan Confederacy

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A group of local Native Americans who helped Jamestown

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First House of Representatives

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House of Burgesses 1619

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Pilgrims

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1620 Mayflower Cape Cod Befriened Wampanoag people

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Mayflower Compact

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Self-government set up for the pilgrims

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Roger Williams

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Banned from Massachusetts Founded Providence Government had no authority in religious matters

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Anne Hutchinson

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Settled with others near providence

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Rhode Island

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Founded in 1644 Made up by Providence and neighboring cities Religious Freedom Total separation of religion and state

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New Hampshire

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1679 Royal Colony Religious Dissenters

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Reverend Thomas Hooker

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Moved his entire congregation to the Connecticut River Valley Disagreed with the idea that only church members could vote

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Connecticut

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Founded by Reverend Thomas Hooker 1636 First written constitution Allowed all men to vote and hold office

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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

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Americas first constitution

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Subsistence Farming

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Raising crops only to feed the family Popular in New England

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Thriving businesses in New England

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Fishing Lumber Industry Ship making

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King Phillips War

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1675-1678 Named after Wampanoag leader

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Henry Hudson

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Discovered Hudson River Valley in New York Dutch New Netherland Seized by Charles II

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New York

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Named after the Duke of York Controlled by the Duke of York

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New Jersey

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Released by the Duke of York Offered generous land grants religious freedom the right to have a legislative assembly

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William Penn

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With permission from King Charles founded Pennsylvania

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Pennsylvania

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Founded by William Penn Holy Experiment Religious Freedom Voice in government

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Quakers

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Objected to obligatory taxes and military service

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Delaware

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Bought by William Penn from Native Americans

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Middle Colonies

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Fertile land long growing season

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Maryland

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Proprietary Colony Leader was George Calvert

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Proprietary Colony

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Owned by an individual who can govern as he pleases

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Lord Baltimore

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George Calvert Leader of Maryland

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Toleration Act

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Maryland Granted toleration to Catholics

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Carolinas

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Land given to friends by the King Soon were split over divided interests

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Georgia

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Founded by James Oglethorpe A colony where the poor could start over

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Sir William Berkeley

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Dominated Virginias leadership Refused to support war with the Native Americans

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Nathaniel Bacon

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Organized a militia to attack the Native Americans Challenged Berkeley with a civil war Died in swamp

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Bacons Rebellion

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Civil War against Berkeley's power Fell apart after Bacon suddenly died

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Slave Trade

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Hard to do until in 1672 the king approved it

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Population from 1640-1700

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25,000-250,000

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Population by the Revolutionary War

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2.5 million

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Two largest cities by the Revolutionary War

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New York: 25,000 Philadelphia: 30,000

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Slave Population

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10-20% of the urban population 540,000 20% of the colonial population

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Reasons Europeans came to the Colonies

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Taxes, religious persecution, poor harvests

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Women before the Revolutionary War

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Married could not own property, make contracts or wills, and had a hard time divorcing Single women had more freedoms

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Slave Trade

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10-12 million were enslaved 2 million died on their way 500,000 went to British North America

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Slave Codes

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Laws for Slaves Kept African slaves from owning property, testifying against whites in court, receiving an education, moving about freely, or meeting in large groups

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Navigaton Acts of 1660

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Required all goods shipped to and from the colonies to be carried on English Ships Products that earned profit could only be sold to England

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Staple Act

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Required all colonial imports to come through England

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Dominion of New England

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King Charles Included Plymouth, Rhode Island, Connection, New Jersey and New York Led by Sir Edmund Andros

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Glorious Revolution

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King James II kicked of the throne His daughter and husband took over Had to sign English Bill of Rights

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English Bill of Rights

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1689 Monarchs could not suspend Parliaments laws Could not create their own courts Could not impose taxes Could not raise an army Guaranteed freedom of speech among Parliament Banned excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment Guaranteed every English subject right to an impartial jury

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William and Marry

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Permitted Rhode Island and Connecticut to resume their governments Issued a new charter for Massachusetts granting the right to assemble and freedom of worship

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John Locke

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Two Treatises of Government Natural Rights Essay on Human Understanding People were not born sinful, instead their minds were blank slates that society and education could shape for the better

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Jean Jacques Rousseau

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Social Contract Argued that a government should be formed by the consent of the people

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Baron Montesquieu

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The Spirit of Laws Suggested that there were three types of political power: executive, legislative, and judicial

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Great Awakening

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Born again emotionally with God Widespread resurgence of religious fervor Height around 1740

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Baptism

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Gained a strong following among poor farmers Welcomed enslaved Africans Condemned the brutality of slavery

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French and Indian War

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1754-1759 French and Indians vs Britain Won by Britain

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Treaty of Paris of 1763

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Declared Britain the dominate power in North America Declared the empire included all of New France east of the Mississippi and Florida

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Proclamation Act of 1763

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Tried to halt colonial expansion into Native American lands The king did not want another costly war

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Customs Duties

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Taxes on imports and exports

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Sugar Act of 1764

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Raised taxes on imports of raw sugar and molasses

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Quartering Act of 1765

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Obligated colonists to provide shelter for British troops

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Stamp Act of 1765

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Required Stamps to be bought and placed on most printed material

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Sons of Liberty

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Organized protests and tried to intimidate stamp distributors

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Stamp Act Congress

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Issued Declaration of Rights and Grievances arguing that they needed representation for taxation British in 1766 repealed the Stamp Act

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Townshend Acts

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Put new custom duties on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea imported into the colony Also gave custom officers new powers to arrest smugglers

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Boston Massacre

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British troops opened fire on a crowd of protesting colonists during a commotion Weeks later British repealed multiple acts and laws

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Committees of Correspondence

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Thought of by Thomas Jefferson Way for colonists communicate with one another and coordinate strategy

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Tea Act

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Created favorable business terms for the British East India Company Multiple ports blocked off the harbor to Tea imports Boston Tea Party

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Boston Tea Party

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Dumped imported tea into the harbor

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Coercive Acts

answer

To punish Boston Shut down Boston's port Others banned town meetings and expanded the powers of the royally appointed governor

question

Quebec Act

answer

Extended Quebec's boundaries to include Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, India, and Wisconsin

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Intolerable Acts

answer

Coercive and Quebec Act

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First Continental Congress

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Met on September 5th in response to the Intolerable acts 55 delegates All colonies except Georgia Approved a plan to boycott British goods

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John Hancock

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Leader of the Continental Congress

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Lexington/Concord

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First battle of the Revolutionary War Where General Gage sent men to seize arms and ammunition 70 minutemen had a short battle with them Paul Revere When they arrived at Concord, most of the military supplies were gone They were then surrounded in Boston

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George Washington

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Named General and Commanded in Chief of the Continental Army which included the militia around Boston First President

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Olive Branch Petition

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July 1775 Colonists appeal to the King that they still wanted to seak a truce and were willing to stay under his control in terms of an agreement Rejected

question

Thomas Paine

answer

Common Sense Argued that the King, and not parliament, was responsible for British actions against the colonies

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Winter of 1776

answer

Washington and his troops crossed the Delaware river and won two victories against the British in surprise attacks

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Battle of Saratoga

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Turning Point in the war France decided to join the United States Spain joined as an ally of France

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Battle of Yorktown

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Last battle of the war

question

Treaty of Paris of 1783

answer

Britain recognizes USA British kept Canada

question

Massachusetts and Virginia's Constitutions

answer

Separation of Powers Three branches Two assemblies List of rights guaranteeing essential freedoms

question

Pennsylvania Constitution

answer

Eliminated the position of governor One house legislature appointed by the people

question

Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

answer

1786 Declared that Virginia no longer had an official church and that the state could not longer collect taxes to support churches

question

Articles of Confederation

answer

Framework A single congress Each state had one vote Could negotiate with other countries Raise armies Declare war Could not deal with trade or taxes

question

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

answer

A plan for selling and then governing the new lands west of the Appalachian Mountains and north of the Ohio River It also guaranteed certain rights, including Freedom of religion and freedom of slavery

question

Shays's Rebellion

answer

1200 followers of Daniel Shays protesting taxes

question

Constitutional Convention

answer

Re-did the Articles of Confederation

question

Roger Sherman

answer

Said that Congress would be split into two houses One would represent the states The other would represent the population

question

Great Compromise

answer

Roger Sherman's idea

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Three-fifths Compromise

answer

Slaves would count as 3/5 a person for counting for house of representatives

question

Popular Sovereignty

answer

Rule by the people

question

Federalism

answer

Power is divide between the federal government and the state government

question

Establishing Amendments

answer

Two step plan Proposal and ratification

question

Ratification

answer

Required 9/13 states

question

First State

answer

Delaware Because they accepted the constitution first

question

Anti-federalists

answer

Were not against federalists Were scared of whether the state or federal government would be supreme Wanted a Bill of Rights

question

The Federalist

answer

James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay

question

Bill of Rights

answer

First 10 amendments of the constitution Freedom of speech, press, religion, protection from unreasonable search,right to trial by jury, assembly

question

Virginia and the new Constitution

answer

Barely agreed because of a promised Bill of Rights

question

New York

answer

Mainly agreed because of they didn't, they'd be a lone state surrounded by other united colonies

question

North Carolina and the new Constitution

answer

Not until November of 1789

question

Rhode Island and the new Constitution

answer

Not until May 1790

US History Chapter 1 Test – Flashcards

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