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A form of government that exerts total control with force

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Totalitarian

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Fascism emphasizes the importance of the nation or an ethnic group and the supreme authority of the leader

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Fascism

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I t favors working class culure and allows a mixed economy.

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How is Fascism different than communism?

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They want to unify the country by discipline.

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How is Fascism similar to communism?

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The process of removing enemies and undesirable individuals from power.

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Purge

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A fascist act from the forties when an overpowering judgemental groupof soldiers tried to wipe out certain religions by force

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Nazism

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The Axis Powers were made up of Germany, Italy, and Japan. They opposed the Allied Powers.

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Axis Powers

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Policy of giving in to a competitor's demands in order to preserve the peace

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Appeasement

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Eduardo Daladier was the prime minister of freance from 1933 to 1935 and from 1938 to 1940 Neville Chamberlain was the prime minister of UK from 1937 to 1940

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Neville Chamberlain and Eduardo Daladier and Appeasement

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How Itaian Facist party leader Mussolini was identfyed

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Il Duce

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means a leader or a guider. Given to Hitler from the german people.

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Der Fuhrer

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Autobiography about hitler's life translated "My struggle"

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Mein Kampf

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a general in WW1, won 1st over Hitler in the presidential election

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PaulHindenburg von

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German government

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Reichstag

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Stalin's purification of the Communst Party by getting rid of his opponents, began in 1934, parts of The Great Purge, trial in which the verdict was only GUILTY.

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"show trials"

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Made German forces leave Rhineland after the war was over

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Occupation of the Rhineland

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Stalin abandoned Lenin's NEP and took "One Great Leap Foward" to communism. He launched the first of a 5 year series of plans to modernize agriculture and build new industries. He encouraged the combining of farms into collective farms. This caused famine. Stalin introduced rationing. Stalin went on political purges removing people in office that were enemies or undesirable. He purified the communist party. His "show trials" only had one possible verdict. guilty. By 1939 7 million people were arrested from all social levels. 1 million executed and millions in forced labor camps.

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How did Stalin change the government and the economy of the Soviet Union?

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He killed anyone who spoke against him (threat) and what he wanted to do. Also he got rid of all of his compeditors.

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Why did so many people die during Stalin's rule as dictator?

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Germany was in debt because of the reperations they had to pay from WWI , unemployment was at an all time high, the value of curancy decreased, and the people lost hope.This made it very easy for Hitler to take power by promising to fix the economy and keeping his promises. He restored the German peoples hope and they believed that he was doing good things.

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Give examples of how the Great Depression severely affected Germany and contributed to the rise of Hitler and the Nazis.

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Hitler had a totalitarian rule. Totalitarian government controls everything, using terror to suppress individual rights and silence opposition. People who disagreed with Hitler were silenced, beaten, or killed.

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How did leaders of totalitarian states feel about using force against people and nations they considered their enemies?

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War conducted with great speed and force

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Blitzkrieg

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German tank

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Panzer

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to work jointly with other or especillay together

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Collaboration

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a 10 year long pact that eliminated the danger of a Soviet invasion of Russia that was signed by Hitler and Stalin

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Non-Aggression Pact

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French Defense line between France and Germany.

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Maginot Line

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The French resistance organization founded by Charles De Gualle

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Free France

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Movement in France that opposed German occupation during WWII

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Resistance

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The group of countries who opposed the Axis Powers.

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Allies

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The luftwaffe was an aerial branch of the German army (German air force)

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Luftwaffe

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German attack on England that had massive losses and lasted for a long time and England was never taken over by Germany

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Battle of Britain

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Is a branch of the British military called the Royal Air Force

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RAF

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Because they were unprepared for a conflict, they agreed to sacrifice sudetenland.

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Why did Britain and France abandon their policy of appeasement?

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independance with the soviet union and received land of the independant states which is divided between the soviet union and germany

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What benefit did Hitler gain by signing a pact with Stalin?

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the line protected only part of french border that faced germany; leaving france vulnerable to an attack from belgium

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What were the limitations of the Maginot Line?

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Because the battle of Dunkirk was an evacuation of the our British allies

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Why were the events at Dunkirk memorable in military history?

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Fascist governments support the right of labor representatives (labor unions) and corporate representatives (CEOs, company presidents, etc.) to negotiate - through a system called corporatism. Communist governments have complete economic control and ownership of the economy.

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How is Fascism different than communism?

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Fascism is the polar opposite of Communism, but both have extreme behaviors and hyper nationalism.

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How is Fascism similar to communism?

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to rid of whatever is impure or undesirable; cleanse; purify.

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Purge

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a form of socialism featuring racism and expansionism and obedience to a strong leader.x

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Nazism

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The Alignment of nations that fought in the Second World War against the allied forces.

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Axis Powers

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giving in to a competitor' s demands in order to keep peace.

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Appeasement

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Neville Chamberlain: British prime minister who met with Hitler Eduardo Daladier: Appeasement:Giving in to a competitor's demands in order to keep the peace.

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Neville Chamberlain and Eduardo Daladier and Appeasement

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This pact was between Japan, Germany, and Italy signed in Berlin on September 27, 1940. These nations agreed that for the next 10 years they would cooperate with each in order to maintain things and have mutual wealth and welfare

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Tripartite Pact

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Japan joined the Allies. Even though it had played a minor military role, it conquered several German possessions in the Pacific and won access to markets abandoned by the Europeans. As a result, Japan's economy prospered.

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What were some of the main causes of Japan's growing military power?

question

by the military growing it provided a great sense of nationalism and desire other nations

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What were some of the effects of Japan's growing military power?

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It helped end the multiparty government, putting the parliamentary system itself in danger

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Why was the Manchurian Incident a turning point for Japan's civilian government?

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There was a battle at Shenghai between china and japan,and more than 200,000 troops died then later china lost to japan in october.

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What was the initial outcome of Japan's war against China?

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Because the Japanese lacked the land and the materials they needed

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Why did Japan look beyond China for future expansion?

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Policy of avoiding political or economic alliances with foreign countries.

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Isolationism

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US law prohibiting the Americans from choosing sides in WWII.

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Neutrality Acts

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A nickname for a policy of the Nuetrality Acts :permitted trade with fighting nations as long as those nations paid cash and transported the cargo themselves.

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Cash and Carry

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Was a group created around the time of WWI that tried to stop us from going into war

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America First Committee

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in March 1941, this was authorizing the president to aid any nation who defence he believed was vital to American secutrity

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Lend-Lease Act

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a Us naval base located in Hawaii that was attacked on Dec 7

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Pearl Harbor

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To attack ground troops by using a machine gun in an aircraft.

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Strafed

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The Neutrality Acts were suppossed to prevent the United States from selling arms even to nations that were trying to defend themselves from aggression. By doing this, as FDR pointed out later, the Neutrality Acts encouraged agrresssion. BBecause the U.S. economy was struggling.

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What was required by the Neutrality Acts? Did they succeed in keeping the US neutral? Why or Why not?

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FDR wanted Britain's help in the war but during the time they were facing a financial crisis. The Lend-Lease Act allowed the president to laid any nation he believed was vital to U.S.A security.

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Why did FDR ask Congress to pass the Lend-Lease Act?

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U.S. and Japanese relations were not well due to Japanese aggression in Manchuria and the pacific.

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Describe relations between Japan and the United States before the attack on Pearl Harbor.

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Shortly after 7:00 am on December 7 a radio operator said enemy planes were headed towards pearl harbor

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The Attack

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The United States declared war on December 7 1941

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U.S. Declares war.

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American soliders land on Normandy, France fortified by German soliders on June 6, 1944

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D-Day

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Type of government which took total control of a nation (Example: Hitler) (pg. 568)

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Totalitarian

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"Emphasizes the importance of the nation or an ethnic group and the supreme authority of the leader. Relies upon a strong, dictatorial government that does not respect individual rights and freedoms. They have been fierce enemies with the communists in the past."(Pg. 568)

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Fascism

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These two groups differ in what is believed to be more important. In fascism, the importance of the nation or an ethnic group and the supreme authority of a leader is emphasized. In communism, the focus is more on total government control of the nation (including the nation's industries and considerable most of the citizens' lives). Even though Fascists and Communists share a dictatorial government that does not grant individual rights and freedoms, they are historically known as fierce enemies. (Page 568)

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How is Fascism different than communism?

question

...not yet answered...

answer

How is Fascism similar to communism?

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The process of moving undesirables and enemies from power. pg. 569-570

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Purge

question

A form of fascism shaped by Hitler's ideas about nationalism and racial superiority. (PG 571)

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Nazism

question

In World War II, Germany, Italy, and Japan were known as this. They opposed the Allies during this war. (pg. 573)

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Axis Powers

question

...not yet answered...

answer

Appeasement

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Neville Chamberlain (British Prime Minister) and Edouard Daladier (French President) met with Adolf Hitler to discuss appeasement, to give into a competitor's demands to keep peace. (pg. 573)

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Neville Chamberlain and Eduardo Daladier and Appeasement

question

Benito Mussolini called himself this which means the leader, he called himself this because he organized Fascist groups throughout Italy. (pg. 570)

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Il Duce

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"Its what people called Adolf Hitler the leader of the National Socialist German Workers' party or the Nazi party. He believed that the nations Jewish population was responsible for Germany's loss in World War 1. (pg. 570-573)

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Der Fuhrer

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an autobiography written by Hitler that means "My Struggle". In this autobiography, he outlines the philosophy of the Nazis. It also defies the Versailles Treaty by saying he should strengthen Germany's military and expand their borders. pg.571

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Mein Kampf

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In 1932, Hitler placed second to this person, a general in World War I, in the presidential election. (Page 571)

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Paul Von Hindenburg

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In the March elections, the Natzi party gained enough votes to dominate the Reichstag. Less than three weeks later, the Reichstag building was burned to the ground in a suspicious fire. Hitler blamed the communist and used the disaster to convince parliament to pass an Enabling bill law which would give Hitler dictatorial powers. (pg 570)

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Reichstag

question

part of Stalin's Great Purge in 1934 in which the only possible verdict was "guilty." (pg. 570)

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Show Trials

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This means living space and it was the nazi basic foreign policy which was based on expansion pg 571

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Lebenraum

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March 17, 1936 - Germany entered Rhineland, a reigon in western Germany. The Treaty of Versailles had banned German Military forces from the reigon. When Hitler revealed their illegal rearmament, he thought that no one would attack. Hitler took a huge gamble revealing this rearmament because the german troops were not quite ready for war. Even though France and Belgium were mad, their leaders were reluctant to challenge Hitler. {page 572-573}

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Occupation of the Rhineland

question

Stalin changed the government and the economy of the Soviet union by taking out countries that he thought be a threat and had trials were there was only one verdict possible, guilty.(pg.)

answer

How did Stalin change the government and the economy of the Soviet Union?

question

"during his rule stalin made the USSR go through a series of his opponents and people who were thought to be a threat to him. Stalin also had a secret police who would go around and destroy people and things that were thought to be a threat. His secret service arrested and killed over 7 million people from all different levels of society.p.570

answer

Why did so many people die during Stalin's rule as dictator?

question

The Great Depression made the Germans and Germany it is self feel embarrassed and needed something to help them get to the top of the world again. The poverty made many people homeless and jobless about 1 out of every 3 Germans had no job. Adolf Hitler promised that he could fix the German economy and get Germany headed in a right track. The german people needed inspiration and to them Adolf Hitler felt like someone who could bring their country to power again. This allowed Hitler to be elected and eventually rule Germany as a dictator. page 573

answer

Give examples of how the Great Depression severely affected Germany and contributed to the rise of Hitler and the Nazis.

question

Leaders of totalitarian states had no problem with using force against people and nations they considered enemies pg.568-570

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How did leaders of totalitarian states feel about using force against people and nations they considered their enemies?

question

Is a type of warfare emphasizing rapid and mechanized movement. It was used by Germany during WWII (pg.576)

answer

Blitzkrieg

question

They are also known as a battle tank . They are massive armored vehicles used in war. pg 576

answer

Panzer

question

"Vichy France, unoccupied southern vacation resort of Vichy, adopted a policy known as collaboration or close cooperation with Germany under General Henri-Philippe. (p. 578)"

answer

Collaboration

question

...not yet answered...

answer

Non-Aggression Pact

question

The maginot line was a line along France's boarded built up of fortifications. It provided housing for troops, recreational areas, and even air conditioning inside the walls. pg.576

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Maginot Line

question

The resistance organization founded by Charles de Gaulle in 1940 in London in order to continue the struggle against the Axis powers. (pg. 576)

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Free France

question

Organization in France that went against German occupation in WWII. (p. 578)

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Resistance

question

Great Britain, Canada, Russia, and the USA were the allies of WW2

answer

Allies

question

The term Luftwaffe refers to the German air force in World War 2. They were known for their merciless attacks helping the German army advance forward. In August of 1940 Hitler had used the Luftwaffe to launch the greatest air assault the world had seen. (pg.578)

answer

Luftwaffe

question

The Battle of Britain consisted of Hitler's brutal and relentless attacks as well as the courage the British Army. One of the relentless attacks that Hitler had planned was to take out the British navy but to do that he had to get rid of British air force. He did that by having as many as 1000 planes pour bombs on Britain. And eventually Hitler started to blow up the factories were necessary bomb parts were being manufactured. Soon Hitler tried to bomb the larger cities like London to get the British citizens to break the peoples will to resist. The British never gave in. Even though the RAF was greatly outnumbered by the the German Air Force they never stopped fighting for their country no matter what the circumstances looked like. The British citizens were the same way they never gave up hope despite the 1500 bombs setting the center of the city ablaze. Once the German air raids were over at the end of 1941, 20,000 people were dead and 70,000 were injured. And beside the matter of courageousness, scientist had figured out how to decipher Germany's secret code. (pg.579)

answer

Battle of Britain

question

Britain's Royal Air Force (RAF) defended its homeland against the Germany. German bombers along with German fighter planes would cross the English channel and bomb Britain. RAF pilots dodged the German fighter planes while trying to shoot them down at the same time. Many RAF pilots died defending Britain, but German losses were higher. (pg. 579)

answer

RAF

question

Pg 576 and 573- Britian and France abandoned their policy of appeasement once Hitler and his troops stepped into Poland and started attacking.

answer

Why did Britain and France abandon their policy of appeasement?

question

Hitler benefitted from signing a pact with Stalin because part of the pact was that the Soviet Union could not invade Germany, so Germany was now no longer at risk from invasion by the Soviet Union for the next ten years, after which the pact expired. (Page 576)

answer

What benefit did Hitler gain by signing a pact with Stalin?

question

The two problems they faced were that they protected only part of the french border, leaving france open to attack also all of its heavy guns pointed east, toward germany. If the Germans got around all the time the guns would be useless (577)

answer

What were the limitations of the Maginot Line?

question

The German drive west divide British and French troops. While Germany was advancing French and British forces retreated to the coastal city in Dunkirk. It was one of the greatest rescues in the history of Warfare. Nine hundred Vessels carried 340,000 across the English Channel to Great Britain, This rescue helped save all those soldiers from almost certain capture by the Germans. ( Pg 577-578)

answer

Why were the events at Dunkirk memorable in military history?

question

Aircraft were crucial to Germany's planned invasion of Britain because Hitler needed the Luftwaffe to destroy Britain's air defence, so that the bombers could move in and bomb the city without taking heavy casulaties. (pg 578-579)

answer

Why were aircraft crucial to Germany's planned invasion of Britain?

question

In September 1931, a Japanese army stationed in Manchuria took matters into its own hands. The army went and captured several cities in southern Manchuria. Japan's government tried to take action but failed. By Febuary 1932 the army has seuzed all of Manchuria. World leader and most Japanese expressed shock at what came to be called as the Manchurian Incident, (Page 582)

answer

Manchurian Incident

question

A supposedly independent country under the control of a powerful neighbor. This is what Manchuria was considered because Japan said they were independent, but really they were under the control of Japan. Especially, since Japan established the new head of state and new Japanese advisors to run the government. (pg. 582)

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Puppet State

question

Burma road is a 700 mile long road that connects China to Burma(present-day Myanmar). Britain used this road to get supplies to China in WWII. (pg. 584)

answer

Burma Road

question

This was a movement to expand Japanese influence and gain resources and land to areas like Manchuria and the Dutch East Indies. This led up to Japan's alliance with Germany. (pg. 584)

answer

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

question

"During this the Japanese soldiers brutalized or killed at least 100,000 civilians, including women of China. (pg. 583)and children, in the former capital

answer

The Rape of Nanjing

question

" 1939 laws designed to keep the United States out of future wars. (pg. 586)

answer

Neutrality Acts

question

Japan allied itself with Germany and Italy through this. (pg. 584)

answer

Tripartite Pact

question

Commodore Matthew Perry forced Japan to open its markets and come out of its isolation by threatening Japan with The United States' strong military and large warships they sailed in to the Tokyo Bay. This pushed Japan to strengthen its economy and military in order to defend themselves later on. Also, when Japan joined the Allies, Japan gained several German possessions in the Pacific and accessed new markets. (pg. 581)

answer

What were some of the main causes of Japan's growing military power?

question

One effect of the growing military power in Japan is that Japan was able to conquer several German possessions in the Pacific. They also were able to gain access to markets abandoned by the Europeans. As a result, Japan's economy prospered. (pg 581)

answer

What were some of the effects of Japan's growing military power?

question

Japan needed more land, to support their rapidly growing population. So they decided to invade an area of China. They were looking for land. (pg. 582)

answer

Why was the Manchurian Incident a turning point for Japan's civilian government?

question

The initial outcome was for Japan to invade Manchuria and take over for the land and raw materials they needed, but the chinese faught back and it turned into a full on war. (page.582)

answer

What was the initial outcome of Japan's war against China?

question

Japanese were looking for a chance to expand their influence in the region to its south. In 1940, Japan's prime minister announced a Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere to be led by the Japanese, extending from Manchuria in the north to the Dutch East Indies in the south.(pg 584)

answer

Why did Japan look beyond China for future expansion?

question

The social policy used by FDR during WWII which meant having nothing to do with war. In the end we got dragged into the war.(pg585)

answer

Isolationism

question

"This was used to prevent international involvement with the US. Also it prevented the US from selling arms to nations that were trying to defend themselves from aggression. The problem with that was it encouraged aggression. This means that after this was passed in 1938 Italy conquered Ethiopia, Japan invaded China, and Germany took Austria and Sudetenland.(pg 586)

answer

Neutrality Acts

question

A policy requested by FDR that allowed the sale of material to belligerents, as long as the recipients arranged for the transport using their own ships and paying upfront in cash. Policy replaced the Neutrality Act in 1937. Page 586

answer

Cash and Carry

question

It is a group formed in 1940 by isolationists to block further aid to Britain. This group was formed because the U.S. agreed to send 50 old destroyers to help aid Britain; Americans saw this exchange as a dangerous step toward direct American military involvment. At its peak, there were more than 800,000 members, including Charles Lindbergh. (pg. 587)

answer

America First Committee

question

An act that authorized the President to aid any nation whose defense he believed was vital to American security (pg.588)

answer

Lend-Lease Act

question

The attack occurred shortly after 7:00 A.M. on December 7, 1941. An American radar operator noticed a large blip on the radar. He called headquarters to report that planes were flying towards the island. The only officer on duty that morning thought the planes were American and told the operator not to worry about it. Less than an hour later, more than 180 Japanese warplanes bombed Pearl Harbor and it was over by 9:45 leaving over a thousand people dead. (Pg. 588-589)

answer

Pearl Harbor

question

to attack repeatedly with bombs or machine-gun fire from a low-flying aircraft. The Japanese method of attack. (page 589)

answer

Strafed

question

The first, in 1935, banned the US from providing weapons to nations at war. The second, in 1936, banned loans to those nations in war. The last, in 1937, permitted trade with fighting nations in nonmilitary goods as long as the nations paid cash and transported the cargo themselves. They did not work because they encouraged aggression. (p. 586)

answer

What was required by the Neutrality Acts? Did they succeed in keeping the US neutral? Why or Why not?

question

They wanted to assist the Allies but could not commit prior to Pearl Harbor. The American people were apposed to involvement in WWII before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

answer

Why did FDR ask Congress to pass the Lend-Lease Act?

question

America had imperialised Japan, and the Japanese were angry. (pg. 583)

answer

Describe relations between Japan and the United States before the attack on Pearl Harbor.

US History Ch. 17 – Flashcards

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