us history benchmark #1 – Flashcards
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Washington
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The first us president
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Democratic-Republican
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strict interpretation of the constitution, supported by poor and farmers, favored france in foriegn affairs, weak central gov
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Federalist
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loose interpretation of the constitution, supported by merchants and rich, favored great britian in foreign affairs, strong central gov
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bill of rights
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the first ten amendments or changes made to the constitution, while washington was in office
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whisky rebellion
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under the leadership of george washington, the new gov was able to demonstrate power by putting down this rebellion of farmers in western pennsylvania
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judiciary act
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this act signed by washington defined the judicial branch and established the court system
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pickneys treaty
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this treaty, signed between the us and spain, gave the us the right to move ships in and out of the mississippi river without the interference of the spanish
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jefferson
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secretary of state
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knox
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secretary of war
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jays treaty
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this treaty signed by washington was very unpopular. it showed that the us wanted to avoid war with great britain at all cost
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XYZ affair
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in this incident the french asked the us to pay them a huge bribe in exchange for not harrassing american ships. americans cried out "millions for defense, but not a penny for tribute"
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alien and sedition acts
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these acts were passed when john adams was president to silence those criticizing the gov and to limit the power of democratic-republicans
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john adams
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this was the second president of the us, and the man that "stole" the presidency from Andrew Jackson in 1824 when he struck "the corrupt bargain" with henry clay
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virginia and kentucky resolutions
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Resolutions passed in 1798 that attacked the Alien and Sedition acts as being unconstitutional
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midnight judges
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these men were put on the federal court in an attempt to keep the federalists in power when john adams was leaving office
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peaceful transfer of power
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why the election of 1800 was called the "revolution of 1800"
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louisiana purchase
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jefferson doubled the size of the us when he struck this deal with france
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lewis and clark
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these men were sent to explore the louisiana purchase
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sacagawea
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Native America woman who became guide and translator of lewis and clark expedition
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embargo act of 1807
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jefferson passed this law to make it illegal for the us to trade with GB or F. the purpose was to hurt those nations but it really hurt us
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war of 1812
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this war was fought against the british and is often known as the second american revolution
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Clay and Calhoun
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The two most famous war hawks who wanted to go to war with Great Britain to gain control of Canada.
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James Madison
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The president during the War of 1812
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Washington DC
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City burned to the ground ruing the War of 18812
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General Andrew Jackson
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This man gained popularity in the War of 1812, when he was the general in the Battle of New Orleans
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Hartford Convention
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Meeting held during the War of 1812 because New England states did not want to fight Great Britain, marking the end of the federalist party
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Treaty of Ghent
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Treaty that ended the war of 1812 giving the U.S no new territory but a new sense of pride
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Era of good feelings
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Name given to hte period of time after the war of 1812 when the U.S felt a special sense of national pride
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Hudson River School
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Type of painting, prevalent in the early 1800's that focused on American themes and natural landscapes
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Monroe Doctrine
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this document states that Europe is no longer welcome in the western hemisphere (central and south america)
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Adams-onis treaty
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treaty made Florida part of the United States
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convention of 1818
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Convention that established the 49th parallel as the northern border of the louisiana territory
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admission fee, 36;30
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Two parts of the missouri compromise
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Andrew Jackson
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president and founder of the democratic party, known as the president of the "common man"
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spoil system
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jackson started this practice of replacing government officials with members of his own party upon being elected
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Cherokee
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Jackson moved that this group of Native Americans from Georgia to Oklahoma in the "Trail of Tears"
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pet banks
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Jackson tried to destroy the national bank by depositing national money in banks run by his friends
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whigs
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those who opposed Andrew Jackson as president
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SC exposition and protest
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Calhoun and Jackson split over calhoun's paper saying that the states have the right to nullify federal law
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John Marshall
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Chief Justice of the U.S supreme court for 30 years, a federalist and always handed down rulings that strengthed the federalist government
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McCaugh vs Maryland
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court case where John Marshall set the precedent that a state couldn't tax a federal institution
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Gibbon vs Ogden
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case where John Marshall set the precedent that the Federal Government has the power over interstate trade
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Wenchester vs Georgia
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John marshall declared that the stae of Georgia had no legal right to force the Cherokee Indians to move from their homelands
