US History 161 Ch. 7 – Flashcards

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1.What made Robert Shurtleff of Massachusetts an atypical member of the Continental Army?
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He was a woman disguised as a man
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2.Where did delegates from all of the colonies meet to discuss their course of action after the skirmishes at Lexington and Concord?
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Second Continental Congress
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3.The initial goal of the Second Continental Congress was to
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raise and supply an army.
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4.Why did delegates to the Second Continental Congress remain reluctant to break with Britain in 1775?
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The delegates worried that independence would destroy political stability.
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5.The delegates to the Second Continental Congress chose George Washington as commander in chief because
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they wanted to show England that there was commitment to war outside New England.
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.Which statement characterizes the continental dollars authorized the congress in 1775?
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The dollars were merely paper backed by no precious metals.
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7.What was the significance of the battle of Bunker Hill?
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The British won a very costly battle.
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8.What did the British General William Howe do after the victory at Bunker Hill?
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He retreated to Boston.
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9.In the Olive Branch Petition of July 1775, congressional moderates proposed that
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American colonial assemblies be recognized as individual parliaments.
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10.In his radical pamphlet Common Sense, Thomas Paine encouraged Americans to
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declare independence from Great Britain.
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11.In their revisions to the Declaration of Independence, Georgia and South Carolina removed
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any mention of the issue of slavery.
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12.What was the significance of the New York delegates' endorsement of the Declaration of Independence on July 15, 1776?
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The resolution for independence had passed unanimously
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13.What obstacle did the British army face in the Revolutionary War?
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It was difficult to supply their army with food and supplies.
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14.The British goal in fighting the war in America was to
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regain colonial allegiance.
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15.How did the congress raise the necessary troops for the Continental army?
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It offered land grants to those who committed for the war's duration.
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16.Women served in the Continental army by
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performing domestic tasks.
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17.As manpower needs in the Continental army increased,
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free blacks were welcomed into service in the northern states.
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18.What was one of the many weaknesses of the Continental army?
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It was undermanned.
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19.What was the American strategy in the war with Britain?
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Turn back and defeat the invading armies.
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20.What was the significance of the Continental army's campaign in Montreal and Quebec?
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It showed that the war was more than a reaction to the invasion of Massachusetts.
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21.In the fall of 1776, the British hired 8,000 Hessian mercenaries and
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concentrated their military might in New York.
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22.The Continental army enjoyed its first victory over the British on Christmas night in 1776, when the Americans
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surprised the Hessians in New Jersey.
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23.At the time of the war with Britain, white women
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began to participate in politics through discussion and fundraising.
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24.Many of the most visible and dedicated loyalists (also called Tories by their enemies) came from which group?
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Wealthy merchants
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25.How did American Indians respond to the outbreak of war?
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They hoped at first to stay neutral before being forced to choose sides.
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26.Which Indian people sided with the Americans during the war?
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Oneida
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27.Which of the following was a treasonable act as defined by state laws in 1775 and 1776?
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Supplying the British army
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28.During the Revolution, punishment for a treasonable act might include
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the suspension of voting privileges.
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29.How did the British army treat prisoners of war?
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British leaders treated prisoners worse than criminals
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30.What proportion of Revolutionary War fatalities occurred on British prison ships?
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More than the number killed in battle
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31.What was the economic result of the Continental Congress's decision to issue paper money?
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Money became devalued.
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32.As the currency depreciated, the Continental Congress paid soldiers by
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issuing certificates of debt.
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33.In August 1777, instead of sailing north up the Hudson River, General Howe chose which surprising military strategy?
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He sailed to Philadelphia.
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34.What did the British government do after capturing Philadelphia in September 1777?
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Proposed a negotiated settlement that did not include American independence
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35.During the winter of 1777-78, the Continental army morale was
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low because corruption was undermining the patriots' cause.
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36.Relationships between Americans and Indians during the war were increasingly characterized by
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violent anti-Indian campaigns.
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37.Who led a group of Kentucky militiamen dressed as Indians in an attack at Kaskaskia?
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George Rogers Clark
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38.Why did Indian tribes ally with the Americans as the war wore on?
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They realized the likelihood of American victory.
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39.Why was Burgoyne's defeat at the battle of Saratoga a decisive moment in the Revolutionary War?
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It brought France into the war on the side of the patriots.
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40.Why did France ally with the Americans after Saratoga?
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It saw an opportunity to defeat England.
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41.What immediate impact did the Americans' alliance with France have on the British?
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The commander of the British navy argued for abandoning the war.
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42.Where did British troops achieve victory at the beginning of their campaign in the South?
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Georgia and South Carolina
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43.Where did the Americans suffer their worst defeat of the entire war?
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Camden, South Carolina
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44.How did news of Benedict Arnold's treason affect the war?
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Arnold's treason inspired renewed patriotism in America.
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45.How did battle tactics in the South change after Gates's defeat and Arnold's treason?
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Guerilla warfare erupted across the southern backcountry.
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46.After Cornwallis achieved the upper hand in Virginia, the balance of power on the battlefield changed dramatically because
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the French gave military support to Washington.
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47.Which event led to the end of the Revolutionary War at Yorktown
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The French forces taking control of the Chesapeake
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48.What was the content of the first article of the Treaty of Paris?
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The king recognized the independence of the United States.
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49.What did the peace that began in 1783 mean for the Indians?
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Only a temporary lull in fighting
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50.After five and a half years of fighting, how long did it take to negotiate peace and evacuate the British from its former colonies?
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Two years
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