UNIT TEST PREP 1750-1914 – Flashcards

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People's belief that their greatest loyalty should be to their nation- state is called?
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nationalism
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People in Latin America who were mixed European and Native American ancestry were known as?
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mulattoes
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Liberator from the French in Haiti was named?
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Toussaint L'Ouverture
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The main purpose of the Monroe Doctrine was to?
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protect Latin Americans' freedom
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The stimulus for Latin American Independence movements had all of the following sources except?
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the Scientific Revolution
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Creoles wanted independence for all of the following reasons except? a) peninsulares held most high public offices b) slaves demanded their freedom c) Spanish mercantilism hurt Latin American economies d) Napoleon's conquests put a French king on Spain's throne
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c) Spanish mercantilism hurt Latin American economies
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The United States gained western territory by all of the following means except a) treaty w Britain b) purchase from France c) treaty w Spain d) war and purchase from Mexico e) purchase from indigenous people
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e) purchase from indigenous people
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Who wrote the "Declaration of Independence"?
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Thomas Jefferson
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Why was economic development in Latin America limited?
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Most goods were manufactured on self- sufficient haciendas.
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In many Latin American nations, a major effect of colonial rule has been the?
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concentration of power in a small group of landowners
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What was the main purpose of the encomienda system?
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To provide a steady labor supply for early colonists.
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The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) , concerning Latin America, and the Berlin Conference (1884- 1885), concerning Africa, were similar in that each agreement
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divided each area into European- controlled segments
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How did the US expand its influence in Latin America in the early 20th C?
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issuing the Monroe Doctrine
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All of the following are ways in which the Spanish- American War made the US the dominant power in Latin America except? a) developing businesses in Cuba b) attacking Spanish territory c) building the transcontinental railroad d) annexing spanish lands
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c) building the transcontinental railroad
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The author of this statement "We prefer self- government with danger, to servitude in tranquility" would most likely support what?
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independence movements
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This statement "I will never allow my hands to be idle nor my soul to rest until I have broken the chains laid upon us by Spain." a) a Latin American nationalist b) a Portugese explorer c) a Roman Catholic bishop d) a Spanish conquistador
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a) a Latin American nationalist
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During the early 1800's, which was a major influence on the struggle for political independence in Latin America?
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the American and French Revolutions
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Latin America is made up of countries in which all of the following are main languages except
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German
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Which was the lowest class in South American society? a) mestizos b) peninsulares c) creoles d) mulattoes
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d) mulattoes
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Which principle is embedded in the American Constitution? a) universal male suffrage b) the abolition of slavery c) free enterprise d) westward expansion e) popular sovereignty
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e) popular sovereignty
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What Portuguese prince was left to rule Brazil when his father returned to Portugal?
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Dom Pedro
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What Argentine- born Creole revolutionary defeated Spanish forces in Chile, and helped Simon Bolivar to defeat anti- revolutionary forces in Argentina, Chile, and Peru?
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Jose de San Martin
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What is the primary cause of the American colonists winning their bid for independence?
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the French and the Dutch decided to support them against the British
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Which Latin American state gained independence as a monarchy?
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Brazil
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What practice was extended to the Americas as a result of Portuguese commercial and colonial experience elsewhere?
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African slavery
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The first European power to abolish the slave trade was?
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Britain
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The last European country was to abolish slavery was?
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Portugal
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Which statement best describes President Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy position toward Latin America in the early 1900's?
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the Monroe Doctrine permits the United States to intervene actively in the affairs of Latin American nations
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Which observation about the impact of colonialism on African development is most valid?
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colonialism introduced Africans to a variety of non- African cultures
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Which was a characteristic of Western European nations that most enabled them to establish colonies in places like Africa and Asia?
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advanced technology
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What was a major result of European imperialism in sub- Saharan Africa during the late 19c and early 20c?
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decline of traditional African cultures
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Which was a major effect of European rule in Africa?
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improved transportation and communication systems
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Which of the following is an accurate statement about the partitioning of Africa by European imperialist nations during the 1800s?
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the cultural and ethnic diversity of the African people was disregarded
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European imperialism in Africa in the late 19c and early 20c resulted from all of the following motives except the
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need for slaves
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Which statement best describes the impact of European rule on traditional African culture?
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it reduced the influence of local African rulers
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The Berlin Conference of 1884- 1885 showed that European nations
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were ready to carve up Africa among themselves
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In the early 1800s, which two groups were competing for control of South Africa?
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Boers and Zulus
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of indirect rule as practiced by the British? a) British authorities made the law for the colony b) local rulers kept some of their traditional authority c) British authorities and considerable authority d) local rulers were replaced by British officials
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d) local rulers were replaced by British officials
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About half of the Congo Free State died between 1885 and 1908 because of?
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brutal treatment by European companies
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During the 18th and 19th centuries, Europeans improved roads and bridges and built railroads in their colonies primarily to what?
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obtain raw materials needed for industrialization
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Discovery of a treatment for which disease allowed Europeans to venture into the African interior?
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malaria
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The "Scramble for Africa" led to the European colonization of the whole African continent EXCEPT?
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Liberia and Ethiopia
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How did Cecil Rhodes make his African fortune?
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mining gold and diamonds
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From which of the following did colonial officials often discourage native peoples?
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practicing traditional customs and rituals
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Why did Britain want to establish a colony in southern Africa?
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to protect the route to India
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Until the late 1800s, Europeans were discouraged from conquering Africa by all of the following EXCEPT?
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social darwinism
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One striking difference between the British and the French imperial models in Africa is that?
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the British preferred to use local institutions to control subject populations
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One of the most troubling political legacies of colonial rule in Africa was?
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the political divisions within the continent
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The Boer War (1899- 1902) mostly took place in modern day?
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South Africa
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In 1899, the Boers in South Africa were descended from?
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Dutch immigrants
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Social Darwinism was based on what aspect of Charles Darwin's theory of biological evolution?
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survival of the fittest
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In the late 19th century, owners of the big business generally embraced Social Darwinism because it reinforced their belief that
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economic success demonstrates fitness to lead
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Which of the following is not a motivation of colonization?
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mercantilism
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